Calculate Area

Area (A) = Area of Top Flange ( Atop ) + Area of Web ( Aweb ) + Area of Bottom Flange ( Abot )

W here

Atop = T F w × T F t

= 150 × 25
2
= 3750 mm

Aweb = W t × (h − T F t − BF t)

= 40 × (250 − 25 − 25)

2
= 8000 mm

Abot = BF w × BF t

= 150 × 25
2
= 3750 mm

T herefore

Area (A) = 3750 + 8000 + 3750

2
= 15500 mm

N ote

∙  Fillets are ignored in the hand calculations (but not by Section Builder).

Calculate Centroid About z

The overall centroid about z can be found from inspection by noting vertical symmetry.

Where,

1
Cz,overall = Cz,top = Cz,web = Cz,bot = BF w = 75 mm
2

N ote

∙  The centroid is taken to be a (z,y) coordinate where the origin is shown in the diagram above.

SkyCiv Section - Hand Calculations

Page 1 of 8
 Calculate Centroid About y

The overall centroid about y can be found from the summation,

∑ ACy
Centroid about y axis ( Cy,overall ) =
∑A

Atop Cy,top Aweb Cy,web Abot Cy,bot

= + +
Atotal Atotal Atotal

Calculate Cy of the Top Flange

The centroid about y of the top flange relative to the coordinate axes,

TFt 25
Cy,top = h − = 250 − = 237.5 mm
2 2

N ote

∙  The centroid is taken to be a (z,y) coordinate where the origin is shown in the diagram above.

∙  Fillets are ignored in the hand calculations (but not by Section Builder).

Calculate Cy of the Web

The centroid about y of the web relative to the coordinate axes,

h − T F t − BF t 250 − 25 − 25
Cy,web = BF t + = 25 + = 125 mm
2 2

N ote

∙  The centroid is taken to be a (z,y) coordinate where the origin is shown in the diagram above.

∙  Fillets are ignored in the hand calculations (but not by Section Builder).

SkyCiv Section - Hand Calculations

Page 2 of 8
 Calculate Cy of the Bottom Flange
The centroid about y of the bottom flange relative to the coordinate axes,

BF t 25
Cy,bot = = = 12.5 mm
2 2

N ote

∙  The centroid is taken to be a (z,y) coordinate where the origin is shown in the diagram above.

∙  Fillets are ignored in the hand calculations (but not by Section Builder).

Calculate Cy of the Section

The overall centroid about y can be found from the summation,

∑ ACy
Centroid about y axis ( Cy,overall ) =
∑A

Atop Cy,top Aweb Cy,web Abot Cy,bot

= + +
Atotal Atotal Atotal

T herefore,

(3750)(237.5) (8000)(125) (3750)(12.5)

Cy,overall = + + = 125 mm
15500 15500 15500

N ote

∙  The centroid is taken to be a (z,y) coordinate where the origin is shown in the diagram above.

∙  Fillets are ignored in the hand calculations (but not by Section Builder).

∙  If the section possesses horizontal symmetry, the Cy  can be determined quicker by halving the vertical length of the shape.

SkyCiv Section - Hand Calculations

Page 3 of 8
 Calculate Moment of Inertia About z

By the parallel axis theorem:

¯ 2
Iz = ∑( Iz + Ady )

¯ 2 ¯ 2 ¯ 2
= ( Iz + Ady )top + ( Iz + Ady )web + ( Iz + Ady )bot

Where,

Iz = Moment of Inertia about the z axis passing through centroid of whole section

¯
Iz = Moment of Inertia about the z axis of the individual shape

dy = The y separation distance between the individual shape and whole section centroids.

A = Area of the individual shape

Calculate Iz of the Top Flange

To calculate the Iz  of the top flange,

¯ 2
Iz,top = ( Iz + Ady )top

Where

1 1
¯ 3 3 4
Iz = bh = × 150 × 25 = 195312.5  mm
12 12
2
A = 3750  mm  (From previous)

dy = Cy,top − Cy = 237.5 − 125 = 112.55 mm

Therefore

2
Iz,top = (195312.5 + 3750 × 112.5 )

4
= 47656250mm

SkyCiv Section - Hand Calculations

Page 4 of 8
 Calculate Iz of the Web

To calculate the Iz  of the web,

¯ + Ad )
Iz,web = ( I
2
z y web

Where

1 1
¯ 3 3 4
Iz = bh = × 40 × (250 − 25 − 25 ) = 26666666.6667  mm
12 12
2
A = 8000  mm  (From previous)

1 1
dy = BF t + (h − T F t − BF t) − Cy = (25 + (250 − 25 − 25) − 125 = 0 mm
2 2

Therefore

2
Iz,web = (26666666.6667 + 8000 × 0 )

4
= 26666666.6667mm

N ote

∙  If there is horizontal symmetry, the web centroid and overall centroid aligns, resulting in dy being zero.

Calculate Iz of the Bottom Flange

To calculate the Iz  of the bottom flange,

¯ 2
Iz,bot = ( Iz + Ady )bot

Where

1 1
¯ 3 3 4
Iz = bh = × 150 × 25 = 195312.5  mm
12 12
2
A = 3750  mm  (From previous)

1 1
dy = Cy − BF t = 125 − ( × 25) = 112.5 mm
2 2

Therefore

2
Iz,bot = (195312.5 + 3750 × 112.5 )

4
= 47656250mm

SkyCiv Section - Hand Calculations

Page 5 of 8
 Calculate Overall Iz of the Section

Therefore:

¯ 2 ¯ 2 ¯ 2
Iz = ( Iz + Ady )top + ( Iz + Ady )web + ( Iz + Ady )bot

= 47656250 + 26666666.6667 + 47656250

4
= 121979166.6667 mm

N ote

∙  Fillets are ignored in the hand calculations (but not by Section Builder).

Calculate Moment of Inertia About y

By the parallel axis theorem:

¯ 2
Iy = ∑( Iy + Adz )

¯ 2 ¯ 2 ¯ 2
= ( Iy + Adz )top + ( Iy + Adz )web + ( Iy + Ady )bot

Where,

Iy = Moment of Inertia about the y axis passing through centroid of whole section

¯
Iy = Moment of Inertia about the y axis of the individual shape

dz = The z separation distance between the individual shape and whole section centroids.

A = Area of the individual shape

SkyCiv Section - Hand Calculations

Page 6 of 8
 Calculate Iy of the Top Flange

To calculate the Iy  of the top flange,

¯ + Ad )
Iy,top = ( I
2
y z top

Where

1 1
¯ 3 3 4
Iy = hb = × 25 × 150 = 7031250  mm
12 12
2
A = 3750  mm  (From previous)

dz = 0 (Symmetric)

Therefore

2
Iy,top = (7031250 + 3750 × 0 )

4
= 7031250 mm

Calculate Iy of the Web

To calculate the Iy  of the web,

¯ 2
Iy,web = ( Iy + Adz )web

Where

1 1
¯ 3 3 4
Iy = hb = × (250 − 25 − 25) × 40 = 1066666.6667  mm
12 12
2
A = 8000  mm  (From previous)

dy = 0 (Symmetric)

Therefore

2
Iy,web = (1066666.6667 + 8000 × 0 )

4
= 1066666.6667 mm

SkyCiv Section - Hand Calculations

Page 7 of 8
 Calculate Iy of the Bottom Flange

To calculate the Iy  of the bottom flange,

¯ + Ad )
Iy,bot = ( I
2
y z bot

Where

1 1
¯ 3 3 4
Iy = hb = × 25 × 150 = 7031250  mm
12 12
2
A = 3750  mm  (From previous)

dy = 0 (Symmetric)

Therefore

2
Iy,bot = (7031250 + 3750 × 0 )

4
= 7031250mm

Calculate Overall Iy of the Section

Therefore:

¯ 2 ¯ 2 ¯ 2
Iy = ( Iy + Adz )top + ( Iy + Adz )web + ( Iy + Adz )bot

= 7031250 + 1066666.6667 + 7031250

4
= 15129166.6667 mm

N ote

∙  Fillets are ignored in the hand calculations (but not by Section Builder).

SkyCiv Section - Hand Calculations

Page 8 of 8