English Review-Part 2

REVIEW MASTERS LEAGUE, INC.
ENGLISH REVIEW
©2011 www.upcatreview.com
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UPCAT Review – English Review 2
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PREFACE
Believe That You Can Pass the UPCAT!
by Leopold Laset
Do you sometimes find it hard to believe that your dream to pass the UPCAT can become a reality? If so, then there is
something very important that you need to know.
UPCAT is for dreamers like you.
Every student who passed the UPCAT began thinking or dreaming of passing the UPCAT.
Your near-perfect or perfect score in a quarterly test, your cellphone, PSP, or any gadget, your out-of-town (or out-of-
country) vacation, your new pair of shoes, and any other stuff that you desired and now possess - are all the result of your
‘dream come true’.
What this means is that throughout your lifetime, you have had an idea, you have desired for many things and worked
hard for them, overcome problems and ultimately transformed your dream into reality.
And if hundreds and thousands of students have been able to pass the UPCAT in the past, by starting with a dream, then
it stands to reason, that you can do it too.
Often we make the mistake of thinking that UPCAT is for a small number of bright students who have the brains and
intelligence that we don’t possess.
But this is simply not true.
The fact that thousands of average students have brought their dreams of passing the UPCAT to fruition in the past
demonstrates that the opportunity to qualify in the UPCAT is something that is available to each UPCAT aspirant –
average or bright.
Right now, hundreds of UPCAT dreamers are taking the steps necessary to achieve the goals of passing the UPCAT.
Some are studying this early, some are joining community of fellow dreamers, and some are attending review classes.
What is it that you need to do?
In order to achieve your goal of passing the UPCAT, the only things you really need are:
(1) A crystal clear picture that you already passed the UPCAT
(2) An unshakeable determination to do whatever it takes to make your dream of passing the UPCAT a reality
As soon as you take these two steps, passing the UPCAT becomes achievable. If you need a help – you look for it. If you
encounter a difficult concept – you find a way to understand it. If you can’t solve a math problem – you try and try and
practice more.
And gradually, step-by-step, you bring your UPCAT dream into reality to join the dreams of the thousands of UPCAT
dreamers who have gone before you.
So today I’d like to encourage you to believe in yourself and appreciate the fact that you live in a world where ‘dreams do
come true’.
Understand that thousands of students have made their UPCAT dream a reality in the past – Thousands more will make
their UPCAT dream a reality in the near future and you CAN be one of them.
REVIEW MASTERS LEAGUE, INC. ENGLISH REVIEW
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page
REVIEW TEST --------------------- 39
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS --------------------- 51
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ANSWER SHEET – READING COMPREHENSION
PLEASE DETACH ALONG PERFORATION
Please use No. 2 Pencil
Correct Filling A B C D
A B C D A B C D
A B C D A B C D
Incorrect Filling
A B C D A B C D
A B C D
1. A B C D E 11. A B C D E 21. A B C D E
31. A B C D E
41. A B C D E
2. A B C D E 12. A B C D E 22. A B C D E 32. A B C D E 42. A B C D E
D
3. A B C D E
13. A B C D E
23. A B C D E
33. A B C E
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4. A B C D E 14. A B C D E 24. A B C D E 34. A B C D E 44. A B C D E
D D E A B C D E
5. A B C D E
15. A B C E
25. A B C
35. 45. A B C D E
D
6. A B C D E 16. A B C D E
26. A B C D E
36. A B C E
46. A B C D E
D D A B C D E
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37. 47. A B C D E
D D A B C D
8. A B C D E
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28. A B C E
38. E
48. A B C D E
E D E D E A B C D E
9. A B C D
19. A B C
29. A B C
39. 49. A B C D E
D E A B C D E
10. A B C D E
20. A B C D E
30. A B C
40. 50. A B C D E
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READING COMPREHENSION REVIEW TEST
Read each passage and answer the questions that follow.
“1Impetigo is particularly troublesome in the summer, especially in warm, moist climates. 2It
can be recognized by the characteristic lesions that begin as small red spots and progress to
tiny blisters that eventually rupture, producing an oozing, sticky, honey-colored crust. 3These
lesions usually spread very quickly with scratching. 4Impetigo is a skin infection caused by
streptococcal bacteria; occasionally, other bacteria may also be found. 5If it spreads, impetigo
can be a very uncomfortable problem. 6There is usually a great deal of itching, and scratching
hastens spreading of the lesions. 7After the sores heal, there may be a slight decrease in skin
color at the site. 8Skin color usually returns to normal, so this need not concern you.”
Take Care of Yourself by Donald M, Vickery M. D. and James F. Fries M.D.

Adapted from The Skilled Reader by D. J. Henry pp 543-544
1. Who will probably have more probability of acquiring impetigo?

A. Mary who spends summer months in Alaska
B. John who goes to Indonesia for summer break
C. Peter who joins the winter Olympics in Europe
D. Alice who spends Christmas in the Philippines
2. If one acquires impetigo, chances are:

A. doctors will find streptococcal bacteria in the blood of the patient.
B. aside from streptococcal bacteria, other forms of bacteria may be found in the skin of the patient.
C. the patient’s skin will remain discolored throughout his/her life even if the sores healed.
D. lesions appear which become tiny blisters then red spots are visible which are itchy and crusty.
“WE FOCUS OUR ATTENTION IN THE RIGHT PLACES.”
Classified Ads Manila Bulletin. Feb. 21, 2010
3. This statement tells us that the:

A. company usually attend to clients found in the right places only
B. only the right places should deserve full attention from the clients.
C. focused attention of clients will bring them to the right places.
D. company’s business focus provides diversified range of services to clients.
4. This ad is specifically addressed to:

A. their clients C. business associates
B. possible employees D. competitors
“1We are living in an age full of opportunities and challenges. 2Especially now that we are
encountering a financial crisis globally, there is a great need for planning for the future, most
especially in the field of education. 3The 21st century stands in dire need of a paradigm shift,
calling for a revolutionary and fresh approach as we face a highly competitive world where
macro thinking is being utilized and where information and relevant technology are critical to
both government and the private sector.”
from the speech delivered by Nona S. Ricafort as published in her column

Manila Bulletin, Feb. 21, 2010
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5. The paradigm shift stated in the paragraph refers to:

A. the age full of opportunities and challenges
B. the global financial crisis that we are facing.
C. the field of education, where there is need for planning.
D. a fresh and revolutionary approach to macro thinking.
6. The paragraph also suggests that:

A. the government is critical to the private sector.
B. education needs more planning.
C. financial crisis offers more challenges and opportunities for the aged.
D. the paradigm shift stands in the 21st century.
“1Filipinos are a happy bunch of people. 2Heck, we even rank no. 14 among the happiest
people in the world survey by Happy Planet Index. 3It is easy to be happy when one has so
many things to be happy about. 4But if you look at someone like 47-year-old Winston Maxino
who has been suffering with an incurable disease for 10 years now-would he even find reason
to smile?
“5Humor and infectious laughter are my best weapon. 6It helped me to rise above the medical
challenges in my life,” says Maxino, who has a degenerative bone disease called ankylosing
spondylitis, a rare case of rheumatoid arthritis of the spine and sacroiliac joints. 7He is unable
to move and walk without help, and had to take strong pain relievers to manage the pain.
Shiny, Happy people! Manila Bulletin, Feb.21, 2010

7. The author uses the word heck in sentence 2 to:
A. indicate sarcasm C. show incredulity
B. sound ironical D. ridicule Filipinos
8. In sentence 3 the author implies that:

A. if people are happy it is because they have lots of reasons to be.
B. only people with plenty of things have reasons to be happy
C. the easiest thing to do is to be happy.
D. first we need to be happy, then we could have so many things.
9. All of the following make Winston Maxino a happy person except:

A. his ability to laugh and have a good sense of humor.
B. his positive attitude inspite of his painful disease.
C. the 10 years of suffering and pain from the incurable disease.
D. the hope that pain relievers will take away all the pain.
The following statements refer to the steps that should be followed when dealing with
back and neck injuries.
1. If the casualty is unconscious keep him face upwards. Clear his mouth of any
obstructions to breathing with your fingers.
2. Tell the casualty to lie still. Do not move him unless you have had proper first aid
training and have the necessary equipment or you can improvise it.
3. Watch his breathing carefully. If it stops begin mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration
immediately-even though tilting the head up risks further damage to the spine. Be as
careful and as gentle as you can.
4. Cover him with a blanket and comfort him as much as possible. Do not raise his head
or try to rest it on anything. Get trained medical help at once if you can.
10. Which of the following is the right sequence that should be followed when giving first aid?
A. 1-2-3-4 B. 4-3-2-1 C. 2-1-4-3 D. 2-4-1-3
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This joke was sent by Cathy J. Schreima to the Readers’ Digest, issued April 2009.
The biggest loser at my weight-loss club was an elderly woman. “How’d you do it?” we asked.
“Easy,” she said. “Every night I take my teeth out at six o’clock”
11. It means that:

A. the elderly woman lost weight because she becomes toothless at night only
B. it is easier to loss weight if elderly women are toothless
C. the elderly woman’s teeth must be very heavy
D. removing the teeth prevents her from eating after six o’clock
1
Within the last year, more and more “Top-100” lists have been appearing, and I assume that
they will continue until the new millennium. 2For some reason, everyone seems to be making a
list – everything from the top movies, to the top rock albums, to the top cartoon shows.
3
What most people don’t realize is that these lists really tend to be nothing more than publicity
stunts. 4The local bookstore lists its “Top-100” books? 5Wow, what a great way to boost sales
of 100 books within a store! 6The president of that bookstore acknowledges that fact,
expressing the list as “a way to bring attention to some of the country’s most important
books.” 7Further, who are these so-called “experts” that create these lists? 8I’m concerned
about people viewing these lists as facts, not subjective opinions from a group of scholars.
9
Nonetheless, we play along, and I must concede that at times it can be quite fun, if not
sophomoric. 10As I’m writing this, I can overhear two colleagues debating about their favorite
movies. 11We all have our lists, and its fun to compare and contrast (of course mine are truly
the best). 12It’s even more fun to point out what is wrong with the other, more “professional”
lists.
12. What would be the appropriate title for the passage?

A. Top-100 Lists – Fun For Us All
B. What’s Our Obsession with Rankings?
C. Top-100 Lists – Academic Merit, or Shameless Promotion?
D. New Professional Methods in Bookstores
E. Why I Love Rankings
13. The author’s tone can be best described as

A. somewhat angry
B. incredibly elated
C. seriously concerned
D. playfully sarcastic
E. deeply despairing
14. Which of the following, if inserted into the blank, would best complete the meaning of the second paragraph?
A. There are no correct answers to these lists, just the opinions of those lucky enough to have a vote.
B. Scholars would have come up with a very different list of “Top-100” books.
C. Scholars are better informed than you or me to determine what books or movies belong on these lists.
D. Your favorite book is probably different than my favorite book.
E. Those who do not agree with the lists probably received a different education than the authors of the lists.
15. Which of the following statements below would the author most likely support?
A. A vote should determine which people get to participate in the creation of these lists.
B. Stores should continue to promote these lists as a way to generate additional income.
C. Top-100 lists should no longer be created.
D. One positive thing about Top-100 lists is that they often generate debates among friends and workers.
E. A nonprofit organization should be created to generate more Top-100 lists.
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16. The author feels the primary reason companies create “Top-100” lists is to
A. invite debate to challenge previously held beliefs about what is good and what is not
B. reward the scholars who spend time and energy reviewing books and movies
C. provide a way to increase interest in a field, thereby increasing sales in that field
D. create a list that will be reviewed later in history
E. encourage employees to come up with their own lists.
WHAT IS GOOD ADVICE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE?

1
Being told I would be expected to talk here, I inquired what sort of talk I ought to make.
2
They said it should be something suitable to youth – something didactic, or something in the
nature of good advice. 3Very well. 4I have a few things in my mind which I have often longed
to say for the instruction of the young; for it is in one’s tender early years that such things will
best take root and be most enduring and most valuable. 5First, then I will say to you, my
young friends – and I say it beseechingly, urgingly –
6
Always obey your parents, when they are present. 7This is the best policy in the long run,
because if you don’t they will make you. 8Most parents think they know better than you do,
and you can generally make more by humoring that superstition than you can by acting on
your own better judgment.
9
Be respectful to your superiors, if you have any, also to strangers, and sometimes to others.
10
If a person offend you, and you are in doubt as to whether it was intentional or not, do not
resort to extreme measures, simply watch your chance and hit him with a brick. 11That will be
sufficient. 12If you shall find that he had not intended any offense, come out frankly and
confess yourself in the wrong when you struck him; acknowledge it like a man and say you
didn’t mean to. 13Yes, always avoid violence in this age of charity and kindliness, the time has
gone by for such things. 14Leave dynamite to the low and unrefined.
15
Go to bed early, get up early – this is wise. 16Some authorities say get up with the sun; some
others say get up with one thing, some with another. 17But a lark is really the best thing to get
up with. 18It gives you a splendid reputation with everybody to know that you get up with the
lark; and if you get the right kind of a lark, and work at him right, you can easily train him to
get up at half past nine, every time – it is no trick at all.
19
Now as to the matter of lying. 20You want to be very careful about lying; otherwise you are
nearly sure to get caught. 21Once caught, you can never again be, in the eyes of the good and
the pure, what you were before. 22Many a young person has injured himself permanently
through a single clumsy and ill-finished lie, the result of carelessness born of incomplete
training. 23Some authorities hold that the young ought not to lie at all. 24That, of course, is
putting it rather stronger than necessary; still, while I cannot go quite so far as that, I do
maintain, and I believe I am right, that the young ought to be temperate in the use of this
great art until practice and experience shall give them that confidence, elegance, and precision
which alone can make the accomplishment graceful and profitable.
17. The speaker’s audience most likely includes which of the following?
A. young people D. law enforcement officers
B. parents E. families
C. school officials
18. Which of the following conclusions is probably true about the speaker’s advice?
A. It is just the sort of advice most parents give to their children.
B. It should be taken seriously.
C. It consists of dangerous lies.
D. It is the same advice that the speaker followed as a youth.
E. It will offend anyone who hears it.
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19. When the author says “that superstition”, he is suggesting that

A. parents are always smarter than their children
B. parents are superstitious about most things
C. superstitious children will be sure to obey their parents
D. the belief that parents know better than their children is a false one
E. most superstitions are humorous
20. By “the accomplishment”, the speaker means

A. growing up D. taking all of the author’s advice
B. becoming one of the “good and pure” E. becoming as wise as he is
C. lying
21. When the speaker says that “the time has gone by” for violence”, he suggests that
A. the past was a more violent time
B. the future will be a more violent time
C. charity and kindness are things of the past
D. using dynamite is a thing of the past
E. no one avoids violence anymore
22. When the speaker advises youth to “always obey your parents, when they are present,” he suggests that
A. he never obeyed his own parents
B. he is concerned only with the parents of others
C. when parents are not present, youth need not obey them
D. parents do not expect to be obeyed unless they are present
E. the presence of parents is something that annoys young people
23. We cannot take the author’s advice in sentences 15 - 18 seriously, because

A. training a lark to wake one up at 9:30 is probably not possible
B. larks are not available everywhere
C. the only ones who get up with the lark are other larks
D. there are some mornings when one will not wish to get up at 9:30
E. larks are too wise to allow themselves to be trained
24. Which of the following responses would the speaker probably expect from the audience?
A. hostility D. laughter
B. agreement E. insults
C. boredom
1
In Roman times, defeated enemies were generally put to death as criminals for having
offended the emperor of Rome. 2During the Middle Ages, however, the practice of ransoming,
or returning prisoners in exchange for money, became common. 3Though some saw this
custom as a step toward a more humane society, the primary reasons behind it were
economic rather than humanitarian.
4
In those times, rulers had only a limited ability to raise taxes. 5They could neither force their
subjects to fight, nor pay them to do so. 6The promise of material cooperation in the form of
goods and ransom, was therefore the only way of inducing combatants to participate in a war.
7
In the Middle Ages, the predominant incentive for the individual soldier was the expectation
of spoils. 8Although collecting ransom clearly brought financial gain, keeping a prisoner and
arranging for his exchange had its costs. 9Consequently, procedures were devised to reduce
transaction costs.
10
One such device was a rule asserting that the prisoner had to assess his own value. 11This
compelled the prisoner to establish a value without too much distortion; indicating too low a
value would increase the captive’s chances of being killed, while indicating too high a value
would either ruin him financially or create a prohibitively expansive ransom that would also
result in death.
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25. The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. discuss the economic basis of the medieval practice of exchanging prisoners for ransom
B. examine the history of the treatment of prisoners of war
C. emphasize the importance of a warrior’s code of honor during the Middle Ages
D. explore a way of reducing the costs of ransom
E. demonstrate why warriors of the Middle Ages looked forward to battles
26. From the passage, it can be assumed that a medieval soldier:

A. was less likely to kill captured members of opposing armies than was a soldier of the Roman Empire
B. was similar to a twentieth-century terrorists
C. had few economic options and chose to fight because it was the only way to earn an adequate living
D. was motivated to spare prisoners’ lives by humanitarian rather than economic ideals
E. had no respect for his captured enemies
27. Which of the following best describes the change in policy from executing prisoners in Roman times to ransoming
prisoners in the Middle Ages?
A. Roman emperors demanded more respect than medieval rulers, and thus Roman subjects went to greater lengths
to defend their nation.
B. It was a reflection of the lesser degree of direct control medieval rulers had over their subjects.
C. It became a show of strength and honor for warriors of the Middle Ages to be able to capture and return their
enemies.
D. Medieval soldiers were not as humanitarian as their ransoming practices might have indicated.
E. Medieval soldiers demonstrated more concern about economic policy than did their Roman counterparts.
28. The author uses the phrase, “without too much distortion” in the final paragraph in order to:
A. indicate that prisoners would fairly assess their worth
B. emphasize the important role medieval prisoners played in determining whether they should be ransomed
C. explain how prisoners often paid more than an appropriate ransom in order to increase their chances for survival
D. suggest that captors and captives often had relationships
E. show that when in prison a soldier’s view could become distorted
1
Recent findings from paleontologists have sparked great debate about the possibility of birds
evolving from dinosaurs. 2Two new species of small dinosaur have been found, each of which
was clearly covered with feathers. 3This has led many in the scientific community to believe
the increasingly popular theory that birds are descended directly form dinosaurs. 4Some have
suggested that even the mighty velociraptor may have been covered with its own feathers. 5If
the dinosaur-bird connection was convincing before, it is now almost certain. 6Even these
startling discoveries do not impress some scientists. 7These scientists contend that both birds
and dinosaurs evolved form the same older common ancestor. 8They assert that any
similarities between birds and dinosaurs are due to the common parentage, not due to a direct
evolutionary relationship.
29. What is the best summary of the passage?

A. Whenever a new anthropological study is done, it will be subject to controversy and debate.
B. The velociraptor was covered with feathers.
C. New evidence lends greater weight to the theory that birds are descended from dinosaurs.
D. Critics of recent studies contend common parentage links birds and dinosaurs.
E. Evolutionary relationships are difficult to define with certainty.
30. What is the author’s attitude toward the belief that birds descended directly from dinosaurs?
A. skeptical support D. confident support
B. unwavering conviction E. utter disbelief
C. indifference
31. Which of the following is the best definition for the author’s use of the word “sparked” in the first sentence?
A. started B. glittered C. ended D. ignited E. burned
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1
One of the most attractive features of the Internet, its ability to customize content instantly,
is ironically becoming one of its most sinister: the ability to monitor who you are and what you
are doing. 2Web sites now have the ability to track what sites you visit, how long you visit
them, and what you download, print, or purchase. 3Sites are equipped with programs called
cookies that can track this information and use it for marketing purposes. 4If you visit a sports
web site, don’t be surprised if you find unsolicited emails about sporting events and
merchandise in your inbox.
5
Worst of all, most sites are not forthright about informing visitors about what data they are
collecting. 6A recent study by the FTC found that only 14 percent of sites had posted privacy
statements. 7Fortunately, 71 of the 100 busiest sites did. 8Of the 100 busiest sites, 91 had
customer service centers designed to handle questions about privacy issues.
9
Computer industry leaders are attempting to address these privacy concerns. 10Browsers are
being created that will enable you to delete all cookies at any web site you visit. 11Other
entrepreneurs are developing software to help you control the information you give out.
12
After all, if anyone is going to make money from your identity, shouldn’t it be you?
32. “Cookies” are described in the passage as

A. traditional desserts
B. jargon for company private policy statements
C. tools that allow a computer user to see what sites request personal information
D. unsolicited emails
E. tracking devices that follow what you do on the Internet
33. What is the best title for the passage above?

A. Privacy Concerns on the Internet
B. The Cookie Crumbles
C. The Lack of Posted Privacy Statements
D. Entrepreneurs and the Internet
E. Profiting From Your Identity
34. From the statistics presented in the passage about the number of business posting privacy statements it can be assumed
that
A. Only large sites are concerned about privacy statements.
B. Only large sites attempted to sell personal information about users who visit their sites.
C. Small sites do not feel it is important to post privacy statements.
D. Most of the largest sites are able to provide information about their privacy policies.
E. Large sites without privacy statements will decrease in popularity.
35. Which of the following would the author most likely support as a solution to piracy concerns on the Internet?
A. a list of all sites that use cookies
B. the ability to request that sites not use your name or profile for marketing purposes
C. the ability to choose which sites you want to provide information to and which sites you do not.
D. A list of all sites that have posted their privacy statements
E. A government law that ends every form of advertising on the Internet
36. The word “sinister” in the first sentence is used to mean

A. poisonous B. threatening C. corrupt D. unlucky E. obnoxious
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1
Forced to hunt for new prey, killer whales are devastating sea otter territory off the Alaskan
coast, disrupting the food chain and setting off an ecological cascade. 2The whales have
created damage with such alarming efficiency that a vast ecosystem now seems to be at risk
of collapse.
3
The problem began when fish stocks started to decline in the Bering Sea, probably as a result
of commercial fishing, or changes in the ocean currents and temperatures. 4Because of this
lack of food, seals and sea lions are thinning out, losing some of their insulating blubber.
5
Killer whales, therefore, aren’t getting the same diet from seals and sea lions as they use to,
forcing them to feed on sea otters. 6The otter populations have collapsed, allowing their prey,
sea urchins, to multiply out of control. 7Sea urchins have now begun to devour the kelp forests
on the ocean floor at an alarming rate. 8The kelp forests are crucial to a number of habitats.
37. Otter populations have declined off the Alaskan coast primarily because
A. Sea Urchins are multiplying at record rates.
B. The kelp forests are being destroyed.
C. Whales have been forced to search for additional food in their diets.
D. Commercial fishing is killing otters.
E. Global warming is making the otter population sick.
38. This passage would most likely appear in

A. a newspaper article D. a biology textbook
B. the journal of marine biology E. a doctoral thesis
C. an editorial
39. Which of the following best outlines the structure of the passage?
A. A statement is made, then supported through an example.
B. A theory is stated, and the steps leading up to that theory are then explained.
C. A question is raised, then answered.
D. An experiment is stated, followed by the conclusion of the experiment.
E. An argument is stated, then refuted.
40. Which of the following is the best definition for the author’s use of “cascade”?
A. a waterfall D. a fabric
B. an arrangement E. a tool
C. a chain of events
41. The main point of the passage is

A. Sea lions and seals are losing weight
B. Global warming is hurting the sea otter population
C. The ecosystem is changing
D. The ocean floor is being eaten up at an alarming rate
E. The otter population in northern Alaska is suffering as a result of new attacks by killer whales.
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As in the case of so many words used by the biologist and psychologist, the word
acclimatization is hard to define. With increase in knowledge and understanding, meanings of
words change. Originally the term acclimatization was taken only to mean the ability of human
beings or animals or plants to accustom themselves to new and strange climactic conditions,
primarily altered temperature. A person or a wolf moves to a hot climate and is uncomfortable
there, but after a time is better able to withstand the heat. But aside from temperature, there
are other aspects of climate. A person or an animal may become adjusted to living at higher
altitudes than those it was originally accustomed to. At really high altitudes, such as aviators
may be exposed to, the low atmospheric pressure becomes a factor of primary importance. In
changing to a new environment, a person may, therefore meet new conditions of temperature
and pressure, and in addition may have to contend with different chemical surroundings. On
high mountains, the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere may be relatively small; in crowded
cities, a person may become exposed to relatively high concentrations of carbon dioxide or
even carbon monoxide, and in various areas may be exposed to conditions in which the water
content of the atmosphere is extremely high or extremely low. Thus in the case of humans,
animals, even plants, the concept of acclimatization includes the phenomena of increased
toleration of high or low temperature, of altered pressure, and of changes of chemical
environment.
Let us define acclimatization, therefore, as the process in which an organism or a part of an

organism becomes accustomed or inured to an environment which is normally unsuitable to it
or lethal for it. By and large, acclimatization is a relatively slow process. The term should not
be taken to include relatively slow rapid adjustments such as our sense organs are constantly
making. This type of adjustment is commonly referred to by physiologists as “adaptation.”
Thus our touch sense soon becomes accustomed to the pressure of our clothes and we do not
feel them; we soon fail to hear the ticking of a clock; obnoxious odors after a time fail to make
much impression on us, and our eyes in strong light rapidly become insensitive.
The fundamental fact about acclimatization is that all animals and plants have some capacity
to adjust themselves to changes in their environment. This is one of the most remarkable
characteristics of living organisms, a characteristic for which it is extremely difficult to find
explanations.
42. According to the reading selection, all animals and plants

A. have an ability for acclimatization.
B. can adjust to only one change in the environment at a time.
C. are successful in adjusting themselves to changes in their environments.
D. can adjust to natural changes in the environment but not to artificially induced changes
E. that have once acclimatized themselves to an environmental change can acclimatize themselves more rapidly to
subsequent changes.
43. It can be inferred from the reading selection that

A. every change in the environment requires acclimatization by living things.
B. plants and animals are more likely than they are different.
C. Biologists and physiologists study essentially the same things.
D. The explanation of acclimatization is specific to each plant and animal.
E. As science develops the connotation of terms may change.
44. According to the reading selection, acclimatization

A. is similar to adaptation.
B. is more important today than formerly.
C. involves positive as well as negative adjustment.
D. may be involved with a part of an organism but not with the whole organism.
E. is more difficult to explain with the more complex present-day environment than formerly.
47 | P a g e
45. By inference from the reading selection, which one of the following would not require the processes of acclimatization?
A. An ocean fish placed in a lake
B. A skin diver making a deep dive
C. An airplane pilot making a high-altitude flight
D. A person going from daylight into a darkened room
E. A businessman moving from Makati to New York
46. According to the passage, a major distinction between acclimatization and adaptation is that acclimatization
A. is more important than adaptation
B. is relatively slow and adaptation is relatively rapid
C. applies to adjustments while adaptation does not
D. applies to terrestrial animals and adaptation to aquatic animals
E. is applicable to all animals and plants and adaptation only to higher animals and man
Violence is alive and well on television. Yet there appears to be a difference in the quality,
variety and pervasiveness of today’s televised violence. Some observers believe that, as a
result of more than three decades of television, viewers have developed a kind of immunity to
the horror of violence. By the age of 16, for example, the average young person will have
seen some 18, 000 murders on television. One extension of this phenomenon may be an
appetite for more varied kinds of violence. On the basis of the amount of exposure, certain
things that initially would have been beyond the pale have become more readily accepted.
Violence on TV has been more prevalent than in recent years, in large measure because there
are fewer situation comedies and more action series. But also because some 25 million of the
nation’s 85 million homes with television now receive one of the pay cable services which
routinely show uncut feature films containing graphic violence as early as 8 in the evening.
The evidence is becoming that just as witnessing violence in the home may contribute to
children learning and acting out violent behavior, violence on TV and in the movies may lead
to the same result. Studies have shown that a steady diet of watching graphic violence or
sexually violent films such as those shown on cable TV has caused some men to be more
willing to accept violence against women such as rape and wife-beating. Not only actual
violence, but the kind of violence coming through the television screen is causing concern.
One of the principal developments is the increasing sophistication of the weaponry. The simple
gunfight of the past had been augmented by high-tech crimes like terrorist bombings. A
gunfighter shooting down a sheriff is one thing. When you have terrorist bombs, the potential
is there for hundreds to die. Programs in the past used the occasional machine gun, but such
weapons as the M-60 machine gun and Uzi semi-automatic have become commonplace today
on network shows.
Many people are no longer concerned about televised violence because they feel it is the way
of the world. It is high time that broadcasters provide public messages on TV screens that
would warn viewers about potentially harmful effects of viewing televised violence.
47. The title that best summarizes the content of the passage is
A. TV’s Role in the Rising Crime Rate D. Violence Raises the TV Ratings
B. Violence on TV – Past and Present E. Violence Galore on Cable TV
C. TV Won’t Let Up on Violence
48 | P a g e
48. Which of the following types of TV programs would the author consider to be the least violent as compared to the
present shows?
A. A cowboy Western called “Have Gun, Will Travel”
B. A talk show dealing with teenage pregnancy caused by a rape
C. A documentary dealing with Vietnam veterans suffering from the aftereffects of herbicide spraying during the war
D. A movie showing a bomb exploding in a bus carrying civilians on their way to work
E. A soap opera in which a jealous husband is shown murdering his wife’s lover, then his own wife
49. According to the passage,

A. television programs are much different today from what they were a generation ago
B. a very large percentage of viewers are presently worried about the showing of violence on television
C. situation comedy programs are more popular on TV now than ever before
D. broadcasting stations are considering notifying viewers about possible dangers of watching programs that
include violence
E. violence on the television screen is more extreme than it was about 20 years ago
Within 80 years, some scientists estimate, the world must produce more than eight times the
present world food supply. The productiveness of the sea raises our hopes for an adequate
food supply in the future. Aided by men of science, we have set forth to plumb that 70 percent
of the earth remains unexplored – the ocean depths. Thus, we may better discover and utilize
the sea’s bounties for the world’s hungry.
It is fish protein concentrate that is sought from the seas. By utilizing the unharvested fish in
the United States waters alone, enough fish protein concentrate can be obtained to provide
supplemental animal protein for one billion people for one year at the cost of less than half a
cent per day per person. The malnutrition of children is appallingly tragic. But the crime lies in
the society’s unrestrained procreation, not in its negligence in producing fish powder. But
wherever the fish population projections are contemplated, the answer to the problem is
something like this: There are few projects that could do more to raise the nutritional level of
mankind than a full-scale scientific effort to develop the resources of the sea. Each year some
thirty million tons of food products are taken from the sea, which account for 12 percent of
the world’s animal proteins. Nations with their swelling populations must push forward into the
sea frontiers for food supplies. Private industry must step up its marine research and the
federal government must make new attacks on the problem of marine research development.
There is a tone of desperateness in all these designs on the sea.
But what is most startling is the assumption that the seas are a virgin resource unsullied and
unmauled. The fact is that the seas have been, and are being, hurt, directly and indirectly, by
the same forces that have abused the land. In the broad pattern of ecological relationships the
seas are separable from what happens on the land. The poisons that contaminate the soil and
the air bring in massive doses into the continental shelf waters. The salt marshes and
estuaries that serve as breeding grounds for the sea are victims of the same development that
pressure of population has brought to the inland areas. The filth and pollution that spills from
our urban sewers and industrial outfalls despoil our bays and coastal waters. All the border
seas are already heavily contaminated by the same exploitation drives that have undermined
the quality of life on land.
50. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A. Though the situation is not urgent, we should press forward with our marine research.
B. Nations throughout the world must be provided fish, fresh or frozen, for needed protein
C. There are enough fish in the seas to allow for the annual protein needs of a quarter of the world’s 4 billion people.
D. The oceans are the major source of the world’s protein supply.
E. Scientists are at work examining 70 percent of the ocean areas of the world.
49 | P a g e
Answers and
Explanations
50 | P a g e
READING COMPREHENSION can be analyzed into several levels:
Level 1: Noting Details and Getting Main Idea

1. Thesis – understanding the main point and other conclusions offered by the text
2. Details – understanding details, especially facts, in relation to the theses
Level 2: Vocabulary
1. Allusions - understanding the references of the texts to ideas, persons, or events which the writer expects the readers
to know
2. Tropes – understanding the figures of speech
3. Vocabulary – denotation and connotation
Level 3: Intent – discovering the writer’s intent in writing the text; discovering hidden agenda
Level 4: Logical context - formulating possible and probable assumptions and implications of the text
Level 5: Value – judging the worth, such as truth, importance, and usefulness of the text
Guidelines in Answering Reading Comprehension Tests
1. Read the questions quickly. This will give you an idea what to look for.
2. Preview the texts. This can be done through scanning such as looking at the title, subtitle or visuals, i.e. tables, charts or
graphs.
3. Read the selection quickly with understanding. As you read the texts, infer what the text is all about. Note the major
ideas and the supporting ideas and other points raised in the questions.
4. Answer all the questions. The following type of questions are often asked: main idea or thesis statement, vocabulary,
tone, implications or inferences, logical context, and value judgment.
Main Idea
The main idea or the thesis statement is the topic of the paragraph, and the other sentences in the paragraph support it. It
is usually situated in any of these locations: 1) beginning, 2) middle or, 3) end of the paragraph. Sometimes, it is only
implied.
The main idea is neither too general that it is difficult to develop in a limited number of sentences, nor too broad to be
developed in several sentences in a paragraph.
The following questions in reading comprehension pertain to the main idea:
What is the main idea of the paragraph?

What is the thesis statement of the paragraph?
What is the theme of the paragraph?
The title that best expresses the ideas in the paragraph is…
Noting Details
These are exact information given in the passage. It relates to basic information on who, what, when, where, why and
how. The following questions in a reading comprehension test pertain to noting details:
The author states that…

According to the author…
The author states all items except…
51 | P a g e
Vocabulary
Meaning of words or phrases are derived through context or how they are used in the paragraph. The following questions
pertain to vocabulary:
The word ___ refers to …

How is the (person or thing) described in the paragraph…
The word ____ is used in the paragraph to mean that…
The statement _____ means…
Implications/ Inferences
These are information not directly given in the passage but is suggested in the passage. The following questions pertain
to implications/inferences:
The author/paragraph suggests that…

The author/paragraph implies that…
It can be inferred from the paragraph that…
Author’s Attitude/ Mood
The author’s tone or mood in writing is reflected primarily through his/her use of diction (choice of words). The attitude
of the author maybe reflected as: sorrowful, joyful, entertaining, sarcastic, and enchanting. The following questions
pertain to the author’s mood in writing:
The author’s attitude toward the topic is…

The author’s attitude is best described as…
The author experiences a feeling of…
Logical Context
This involves formulation of possible assumptions and implications of the passage. The following questions pertain to
logical context:
The most likely conclusion is…

Which of the following statements can be logical ending of the passage…
Application of the Author’s Values/ Judgement and Intention
This involves a lot of critical reading and thinking about the author’s principles or values. The following questions
pertain to application of the author’s values:
Which of the statements would the author most likely agree?

The author’s values most likely correspond to…
52 | P a g e
ANSWER KEY
1. B. Indonesia is in the tropics and summer break is warm and moist. Alaska and Europe are cold countries while
Christmas is a cold month in the Philippines.
2. D. Sentence 2 is the best evidence.
3. D. It is the company that focuses – giving attention in the right places means they are providing different range of
services to clients.
4. A. The clients are the target readers of this ad.
5. C. Sentence 2 is the best evidence.
6. B. Sentence 2 also states this.
7. C. The author is so surprised we rank no. 14.
8. A. It is clearly stated in the sentence.
10. D. D is the right order of steps to be followed.
11. D. The joke indicates that after the elderly woman takes out her teeth, she is forced not to eat.
12. C. The whole article talks about the Top-100 lists as a way of considering it an academic ranking or just a way of
promotion.
13. D. Sentences 7, 8, and 11 are the best evidences.
14. A. Sentence 8 is the best evidence.
16. C. Sentences 2, 5, and 6 are the best evidences.
17. E. The whole article talks about all members of the family.
53 | P a g e
18. E. Sentences 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 are the best evidences.
22. E. Sentences 6 and 7 are the best evidences.
24. D. The speaker is trying to be humorous.
26. A. Sentences 1 and 2 are the best evidences.
27. E. Sentence 7 is the best evidence.
28. B. The last phrase of Sentence 11 is the best evidence.
30. D. Sentences 2 and 3 are the best evidences.
31. A. Debates started from the recent findings of paleontologists.
32. E. Cookies can track information and use it for marketing purposes.
34. C. Second Paragraph is the best evidence.
35. B. Last Paragraph is the best evidence.
54 | P a g e
36. B. It is threatening for the internet not only to be able to customize content but also monitor who you are and what
you are doing.
38. A. These are information intended for the general public not just marine biologists.
39. A. The whole article follows that outline.
40. C. The chain of events are mentioned after the first statement.
41. E. Sentence 5 is the best evidence.
42. E. Second Paragraph is the best evidence.
44. E. The last sentence is the best evidence.
45. E. Acclimatization involves physiological changes not business adjustments.
46. B. Sentences 3 and 4 of the Second Paragraph are the best evidences.
47. B. Second Paragraph is the best evidence.
48. A. The sentence “The simple gunfight of the past had been augmented by high-tech crimes like terrorist bombings.”
49. A. Second Paragraph is the best evidence.
50. D. Sentence 1 of the Second Paragraph is the best evidences.
55 | P a g e

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REVIEW MASTERS LEAGUE, INC.

REVIEW MASTERS, upcatreview.com, Online UPCAT Review and other related

For INFO and UPDATES, check out upcatreview.com, the official

Keep updated about UPCAT materials, reviewers, tips and news

UPCAT is for dreamers like you.

But this is simply not true.

REVIEW TEST --------------------- 39

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS --------------------- 51

Please use No. 2 Pencil

2. A B C D E 12. A B C D E 22. A B C D E 32. A B C D E 42. A B C D E

4. A B C D E 14. A B C D E 24. A B C D E 34. A B C D E 44. A B C D E

READING COMPREHENSION REVIEW TEST

Read each passage and answer the questions that follow.

Take Care of Yourself by Donald M, Vickery M. D. and James F. Fries M.D.

1. Who will probably have more probability of acquiring impetigo?

2. If one acquires impetigo, chances are:

“WE FOCUS OUR ATTENTION IN THE RIGHT PLACES.”

Classified Ads Manila Bulletin. Feb. 21, 2010

3. This statement tells us that the:

4. This ad is specifically addressed to:

from the speech delivered by Nona S. Ricafort as published in her column

5. The paradigm shift stated in the paragraph refers to:

6. The paragraph also suggests that:

Shiny, Happy people! Manila Bulletin, Feb.21, 2010

8. In sentence 3 the author implies that:

9. All of the following make Winston Maxino a happy person except:

11. It means that:

12. What would be the appropriate title for the passage?

13. The author’s tone can be best described as

WHAT IS GOOD ADVICE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE?

19. When the author says “that superstition”, he is suggesting that

20. By “the accomplishment”, the speaker means

23. We cannot take the author’s advice in sentences 15 - 18 seriously, because

25. The primary purpose of the passage is to

26. From the passage, it can be assumed that a medieval soldier:

29. What is the best summary of the passage?

32. “Cookies” are described in the passage as

33. What is the best title for the passage above?

36. The word “sinister” in the first sentence is used to mean

38. This passage would most likely appear in

41. The main point of the passage is

Let us define acclimatization, therefore, as the process in which an organism or a part of an

42. According to the reading selection, all animals and plants

43. It can be inferred from the reading selection that

44. According to the reading selection, acclimatization

49. According to the passage,

50. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

READING COMPREHENSION can be analyzed into several levels:

Level 1: Noting Details and Getting Main Idea

Guidelines in Answering Reading Comprehension Tests

The following questions in reading comprehension pertain to the main idea:

What is the main idea of the paragraph?

The author states that…

The word ___ refers to …

The author/paragraph suggests that…

Author’s Attitude/ Mood

The author’s attitude toward the topic is…

The most likely conclusion is…

Application of the Author’s Values/ Judgement and Intention

Which of the statements would the author most likely agree?

2. D. Sentence 2 is the best evidence.

4. A. The clients are the target readers of this ad.

5. C. Sentence 2 is the best evidence.