EE-301 Lab Manual, ME Department, Wah Engineering College

Lab Experiment # 8
Implementation and verification of truth tables of logic gates (AND, OR,
NOT, NOR, NAND) on trainer

Objective:-. Implementation and verification of truth tables of logic gates (AND, OR, NOT,
NOR, NAND) on trainer
Apparatus:-
 Bread Board
 Connecting Wires
 ICs

Theory:-
Logic Gate:-
A logic gate is an idealized or physical device implementing a Boolean function, that is, it
performs a logical operation on one or more logical inputs, and produces a single logical output
OR
The term may refer to an ideal logic gate, one that has for instance zero rise time and
unlimited fan-out, or it may refer to a non-ideal physical device.
Truth Table:-
A truth table is a mathematical table used in logic—specifically in connection with Boolean
algebra, Boolean functions, and propositional calculus—to compute the functional values of
logical expressions on each of their functional arguments, that is, on each combination of values
taken by their logical variables. In particular, truth tables can be used to tell whether a
propositional expression is true for all legitimate input values, that is, logically valid.

Types:-
Following are the main types of gates
1. AND Gate
2. OR Gate
3. NOT Gate
4. NOR Gate
5. NAND Gate

AND Gate:-
The AND gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output (1) only if all its inputs are high.
A dot (.) is used to show the AND operation i.e. A.B.  Bear in mind that this dot is sometimes
omitted i.e. AB
 EE-301 Lab Manual, ME Department, Wah Engineering College

Figure: 1-1 Symbol Truth Table 1

Figure: 1-2 Pin Diagram

OR Gate:-
The OR gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output (1) if one or more of its inputs are
high.  A plus (+) is used to show the OR operation.

Figure: 2-1 Symbol Truth Table 2

Figure: 2-2 Pin Diagram

 EE-301 Lab Manual, ME Department, Wah Engineering College

NOT Gate:-
The NOT gate is an electronic circuit that produces an inverted version of the input at its output.
It is also known as an inverter.  If the input variable is A, the inverted output is known as NOT
A.  This is also shown as A', or A with a bar over the top, as shown at the outputs. The diagrams
below show two ways that the NAND logic gate can be configured to produce a NOT gate. It can
also be done using NOR logic gates in the same way.

Figure: 3-1 Symbol Truth Table 3

Figure 3-2 Pin Diagram

NOR Gate:-
This is a NOT-OR gate which is equal to an OR gate followed by a NOT gate.  The outputs of all
NOR gates are low if any of the inputs are high.
The symbol is an OR gate with a small circle on the output. The small circle represents
inversion.

Figure: 4-1 Symbol Truth Table 4

 EE-301 Lab Manual, ME Department, Wah Engineering College

Figure: 4-2 Pin Diagram

NAND Gate:-
This is a NOT-AND gate which is equal to an AND gate followed by a NOT gate.  The outputs
of all NAND gates are high if any of the inputs are low. The symbol is an AND gate with a small
circle on the output. The small circle represents inversion.

Figure: 5-1 Symbol Truth Table 5

Figure: 5-2 Pin Diagram

 EE-301 Lab Manual, ME Department, Wah Engineering College

Results:-

AND Gate:-

Practical Circuit

OR Gate:-

Practical Circuit
 EE-301 Lab Manual, ME Department, Wah Engineering College

NOT Gate:-

Practical Circuit

NOR Gate:-

Practical Circuit
 EE-301 Lab Manual, ME Department, Wah Engineering College

NAND Gate:-

Practical Circuit

Conclusion:-
From the above experiment, it can be concluded that the logic gates and their truth tables can be
verified both practically and theoretically by using trainer .