1. Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© Kv‡K e‡j?

Dt GKwU Kw¤úDUvi n‡Z Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i ‡WUv

Dt wewfbœ Kw¤úDUvi †Kvb †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯Õvi Øviv UªvÝwgkb
GKm‡½ nIqvi cÖwµqv‡K †WUv UªvÝwgkb †g_W e‡j|
hy³ _vK‡j Zv‡K Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© e‡j| 21. weU wmb‡µvbvB‡Rkb Kv‡K e‡j?
2. B›Uv‡bU Kv‡K e‡j? Dt †h †Kv‡bv †WUv cvVv‡bvi mgq wmMb¨vj weU I †WUv
Dt ¶z`ª ¶z`ª †bUIqv‡K©i mgš^‡q MwVZ GKwU e„nr weU¸‡jvi g‡a¨ mgš^‡qi Rb¨ e¨eüZ c×wZ‡K weU
†bUIqv©K‡K B›Uvi‡bU e‡j| wmb‡µvbvB‡Rkb e‡j|
3. ‡WUv Kx? 22. wmwiqvj ‡WUv UªvÝwgkb KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx eb©Yv
Dt Data kãwU j¨vwUb kã Datum -Gi eûePb| Datum `vI?
A_© Z‡_¨i Dcv`vb| Z‡_¨i Aš—f©~³ ¶z`ªZg Askmg~n n‡”Q Dt wmb‡µvbvB‡Rk‡bi wfwˇZ wmwiqvj †WUv UªvÝwgkb
†WUv ev DcvË| †g_W 3 cÖKvi,
A_©¨vr, †h ‡Kv‡bv Z_¨ ev DcvˇKB †WUv e‡j| K) A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb (Asynchronous
4. KwgDwb‡Kkb Kx? Transmission)
Dt KwgDwb‡Kkb kãwU j¨vwUb kã ÓCommunicare” L) wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb (Synchronous Transmission)
‡_‡K G‡m‡Q hvi A_© Ó To Share Ó (Av`vb-cÖ`vb) Kiv| M) AvB‡mv‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb (Isochronous Transmission)
KwgDwb‡Kkb kãwUi A_© nj †hvMv‡hvM| K) A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkbt †h UªvÝwgkb wm‡÷‡g
6. ‡WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi ‡gŠwjK Dcv`vb KqwU I Kx Kx? †WUv †cÖi‡Ki KvQ †_‡K †WUv cÖvc‡Ki Kv‡Q K¨v‡i±vi
Dt ‡WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi ‡gŠwjK Dcv`vb 3wU evB K¨v‡i±vi UªvÝwgU nq Zv‡K A¨vwmb‡µvbvm
h_vt K) ‡cÖiK| L) gva¨g| UªvÝwgkb e‡j|
M) MÖvnK| ‡hgbt cÖwZ K¨v‡i±v‡i 10 ev 11 we‡Ui †WUvq iæcvšÍwiZ
8. ‡WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi Dcv`vb mg~‡ni eY©bv Ki| n‡q ‡WUv UªvÝwgU nq|
Dt †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g 5wU Dcv`vb wb‡q MwVZ| L) wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkbt †h UªvÝwgkb wm‡÷‡g †WUv
h_vt K) Drm mg~n‡K eøK AvKv‡i fvM K‡i cÖwZ evi 1wU K‡i eøK
L) †cÖiK M) gva¨g UªvÝwgU Kiv nq Zv‡K wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb e‡j|
N) MÖvnK O) MšÍe¨| ‡hgbt cÖwZ eøK 80 †_‡K 132wU K¨v‡i±vi wb‡q MwVZ nq|
K) Drm t ‡h wWfvBm n‡Z †WUv cvVv‡bv nq Zv‡K Drm M) AvB‡mv‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkbt ‡h UªvÝwgk‡b †cÖiK I
e‡j| cÖvcK †÷k‡bi g‡a¨ †WUv UªvÝwgkb wW‡j me©wb¤œ ivLv
‡hgb t Kw¤úDUvi, †Uwj‡dvb BZ¨vw`| nq A_©¨vr, ci ci `ywU eø‡Ki †WUv UªvÝdv‡ii mgq cÖvq
L) ‡cÖiKt Drm †_‡K cÖvc‡Ki wbKU †WUv cvVv‡bvi Rb¨ 0(ïb¨) GKK mgq e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K AvB‡mv‡µvbvm e‡j|
†h hš¿ e¨eüZ nq Zv‡K †cÖiK e‡j| ‡hgbt wcÖ›Uv‡ii Rb¨ GK ai‡bi †g_W, Mv‡bi Rb¨ GK ai‡bi
‡hgb t g‡Wg| †g_W|
M) gva¨gt hvi gva¨‡g †WUvmg~n GK ¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯’v‡b 25. ‡WUv UªvÝwgkb ‡g_W KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx eb©Yv `vI|
ev GK Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv nq Dt ‡WUv cvVv‡bv Dci wfwË K‡i †WUv UªvÝwgkb †g_W 2
Zv‡K gva¨g e‡j| cÖKvi
‡hgb t †iwWI I‡qe, K¨vej, gvB‡µvI‡qf, m¨v‡UjvBU BZ¨vw`| h_vt K) wmwiqvj UªvÝwgkb|
N) MÖvnKt †h hš¿ †WUv MÖnb K‡i Zv‡K MÖvnK e‡j| L) c¨vivjvj UªvÝwgkb|
‡hgbt g‡Wg, ‡gvevB‡ji wmg BZ¨vw`| K) wmwiqvj UªvÝwgkbt G ai‡bi UªvÝwgk‡b cÖwZev‡i mvZ
O) MšÍe¨t me©‡kl MšÍe¨ wn‡m‡e mvf©vi ev Kw¤úDUvi we‡Ui Z_¨ cvVv‡bv nq| Drm †_‡K MšÍ‡e¨i `~iZ¡ †ewk n‡j G
e¨eüZ nq| c×wZ †ewk e¨envi Kiv nq|
‡hgbt Kw¤úDUvi| L) c¨vivjvj UªvÝwgkbt G c×wZ‡Z A‡bK¸‡jv Zvi w`‡q
15. wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ(Frequency) Kx? GKmv‡_ A‡bK¸‡jv weU †WUv cvVv‡bv nq| `~iZ¡ ‡ewk n‡j
Dt cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û †Kv‡bv wmMb¨vj hZ¸wj I‡qe ‰Zwi K‡i LiP †ewk|
Zv‡K wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ e‡j| GB wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ gvcv nq nvR© 26. A¨vwmb‡µvbvm I wmb‡µvbv‡mi cv_©K¨ wjL|
(Hz) wn‡m‡e| A¨vwmb‡µvbvm wmb‡µvbvm
19. ‡WUv UªvÝwgkb ¯úxW KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx eb©Yv `vI? 1| †h UªvÝwgkb wm‡÷‡g 1|†h UªvÝwgkb wm‡÷‡g
Dt ‡WUv UªvÝwgkb ¯úxW 3 fv‡M wef³| †WUv †cÖi‡Ki KvQ †_‡K †WUv mg~n‡K eøK
h_vt K) b¨v‡iv e¨vÛ (Narrow Band) †WUv cÖvc‡Ki Kv‡Q AvKv‡i fvM K‡i cÖwZ
L) f‡qm e¨vÛ (Voice Band) K¨v‡i±vi evB K¨v‡i±vi evi 1wU K‡i eøK
M) eªW e¨vÛ (Broad Band) UªvÝwgU nq Zv‡K UªvÝwgU Kiv nq Zv‡K
K) b¨v‡iv e¨vÛt mvavibZ 45bps †_‡K 300bps ch©šÍ A¨vwmb‡µvbvm wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb
n‡q _v‡K| GB e¨vÛ axiMwZ m¤úbœ †WUv UªvÝwgkb- Gi UªvÝwgkb e‡j| e‡j|
†ÿ‡Î e¨envi Kiv nq| 2| G‡Z ‡WUv 2| †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi
‡hgbt †UwjMÖvd| UªvÝwgk‡bi MwZ Kg| MwZ A‡bK ‡ewk|
L) f‡qm e¨vÛt f‡qm e¨v‡Ûi MwZ mvavibZ 1200 bps †_‡K 3| ‡cÖi‡Ki †Kvb 3| ‡cÖiK GKwU
9600 bps ev 9.6 Kbps ch©šÍ n‡q _v‡K| GwU mvavibZ cÖvBgvwi †÷v‡iR cÖvBgvwi †÷v‡iR
†Uwj‡dv‡b †ewk e¨eüZ nq| wWfvB‡mi cÖ‡qvRb nq wWfvB‡mi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
‡hgbt †Uwj‡dvb, wcÖ›Uvi, KvW©-wiWvi BZ¨vw`| bv|
M) eªW e¨vÛt D”P MwZm¤úbœ †WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î eªW 4| BÝU‡jkb LiP AZ¨šÍ Kg| 4| GwU Zzjbvg~jK e¨qeûj|
e¨vÛ e¨envi Kiv nq| G e¨v‡Ûi MwZ 1Mbps Gi †P‡q ‡ewk n‡q 5| G c×wZ‡Z UªvÝwgU 5| G c×wZ‡Z UªvÝwgU
_v‡K| GwU m¨v‡UjvBU, gvB‡µvI‡qf KwgDwb‡Kk‡b e¨eüZ mgq †ewk jv‡M| mgq Kg jv‡M|
nq| 6| G‡Z AwZwi³ weU 6| Gi `ÿZv A¨vwmb‡µvm
‡hgbt Wi-MAX, m¨v‡UjvBU, gvB‡µvI‡qf, ‡KvGwK&ªqvj e¨envi Kiv nq e‡j GB UªvÝwg‡Ui †P‡q †ewk|
K¨vej, AcwUK¨vj dvBevi BZ¨vw`| UªvÝwgk‡b `ÿZv Kg|
20. UªvÝwgkb †g_W Kv‡K e‡j? 27. ‡WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW Kv‡K e‡j|
Dt Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K Kw¤úDUv‡i †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb Gi
†WUv UªvÝdv‡ii cÖevn‡K †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW ejv nq|
29. ‡WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx Gi eb©Yv M) R¨v‡KU (Jacket) |
Ki ? 40.AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
Dt †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW 3 cÖKvi Dt AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej 3 cÖKvi
h_vt K) wmg‡cø· (Simplex) h_vt K) ‡÷c B‡Û· (Step Index) |
L) nvd-Wz‡cø· (Half-Duplex) L) ‡MÖ‡WW B‡Û· (Graded Index) |
M) dzj-Wz‡cø· (Full-Duplex) M) g‡bv‡gvW dvBevi (Monomode Fiber) |
wmg‡cø·t †WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î †WUvi GKw`‡K cÖevn‡K 37. UTP I STP Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL|
wmg‡cø· †gvW ejv nq| UTP STP
‡hgbt PABX wm‡÷g, †iwWI,wUwf BZ¨vw`| 1| UTP K¨vej †Kv‡bv 1| STP K¨ve‡ji cÖwZwU
nvd-Wz‡cø·t ‡Kvb cÖvšÍ GKB mg‡q †Kej †WUv MÖnb AwZwi³ wkwìs ev Aveib cu¨vPv‡bv †Rvov Zvi GKwU
wKsev _v‡K bv| K‡i k³ wkì ev Avei‡bi †fZ‡i
†cÖiY Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKšÍy MÖnb Ges †cÖiY GKB mg‡q _v‡K|
GKmv‡_ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Zv‡K nvd-Wz‡cø· e‡j| 2| UTP ‡Zgb myiwÿZ bv| 2| STP k³ I A‡bK myiwÿZ|
GB c×wZ‡Z †WUv cvVv‡bv I MÖnb Kiv m¤¢e, wKš‘ 3| UTP K¨ve‡ji e¨vÛ 3| STP K¨ve‡ji e¨vÛ DBW_
GKmv‡_ bq, Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e|
DBW_ mvavibZ 10Mbps| mvavibZ 16Mbps|
‡hgbt IqvwKUwK|
4|G‡Z 4| Gi eo myweav n‡jv
dzj-Wz‡cø·t ‡h c×wZ‡Z †WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î Dfq w`K
B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK
‡_‡K GKB mg‡q †WUv †cÖiY I MÖnb Kiv hvq Zv‡K dzj-
B›Uvidv‡iÝ cÖfve Lye B›Uvidv‡iÝ cÖfve n«vm cvq|
Wz‡cø· e‡j|
‡ewk|
‡hgbt †gvevBj, †Uwj‡dvb BZ¨vw`|
30. nvd-Wz‡cø· I dzj-Wz‡cø· Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL| 42. †iwWI I‡qf Kx I Gi Avwe®‹viK †K ?
Dt 10 KHz †_‡K 1 GHz g‡a¨ mxwgZ Zwor Pz¤^Kxq Zi½ †K
nvd-Wz‡cø· dzj-Wz‡cø·
†iwWI I‡qf e‡j| GwU n‡jv GK ai‡bi Iq¨vi‡jm UªvÝwgkb
1| ‡Kvb cÖvšÍ GKB mg‡q 1| G c×wZ‡Z †WUv
wgwWqv, hv †iwWI wd«Kz‡qwÝ wmMb¨v‡ji gva¨‡g †WUv
†Kej †WUv MÖnb wKsev ¯ÕvbvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î Dfq w`K
UªvÝwgU K‡i| Gi e¨vÛ DB_ 24 Kbps | GwU 1867 mv‡j
†cÖiY Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKšÍy ‡_‡K GKB mg‡q †WUv
¯‹wUm MwbZwe` James Clerk Maxwell cÖ_g GwU
MÖnb Ges †cÖiY GKB †cÖiY I MÖnb Kiv hvq|
Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
mg‡q GKmv‡_ Ki‡Z cv‡i
43. gvB‡µvI‡qf Kx?
bv|
Dt gvB‡µvI‡qf n‡jv nvB-wd«Kz‡qwÝ †iwWI I‡qf| 1 GHz ev
2| e¨envi Zzjbvg~jK RwUj| 2| e¨envi Zzjbvg~jK mnR|
Zvi †ewk wd«Kz‡qw݇Z cvVv‡bv we`y¨r Pz¤^Kxq Zi½‡K
3| KvwiMwifv‡e Amg„× 3| KvwiMwifv‡e mg„× ejv nq gvB‡µvI‡qf|
c×wZ c×wZ| gvB‡µvI‡qf wm‡÷g gyjZ 2 cÖKvi
4| D`vniY- IqvwKUwK| 4| D`vnib- †Uwj‡dvb, h_v t K) wmMb¨vj UªvÝwgU|
†gvevBj| L) wiwmf UªvÝwgU|
44. Bbd«v‡iW (Infrared) Kx?
31. ‡WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb gva¨g Kv‡K e‡j? Dt Bbd«v‡iW n‡jv GK ai‡bi B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK I‡qf hvi
Dt ‡WUv Av`vb cª`v‡bi ‡ÿ‡Î †cÖiK ‡_‡K MÖvnK ch©šÍ wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ mxgv †UivnvR©(THz) n‡q _v‡K| LyeB
†hme ms‡hvM ¯’vcb Ki‡Z nq Zv‡`i‡K KwgDwb‡Kkb gva¨g KvQvKvwQ wWfvB‡mi g‡a¨ †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb
ev Channel ev Media e‡j| Bbd«v‡iW e¨envi Kiv nq| 300 wMMvnvR© n‡Z 400
32. ‡WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb gva¨g KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx? †UivnvR© ch©šÍ wd«‡Kv‡qw݇K ejv nq Bbd«v‡iW|
Dt ‡WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb gva¨g 2 cÖKvi Avwe®‹vi t 1800 kZvãx‡Z Infrared Z¡i½ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib
h_v t K) Zvi gva¨g (Guided / Wire media) DBwjqvg nv‡k©j (William Hershel)|
L) Zviwenxb ev †eZvi gva¨g (Unguided / Wireless media) 46. Iq¨vi‡jm KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx|
33.K¨vej gva¨g ev Wire Media KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx? Dt Iq¨vi‡jm KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g 4 cÖKvi
Dt K¨vej gva¨g †bUIqvK© 3 cÖKvi h_vt
h_vt K) †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej| K) WPAN-Wireless Personal Area Network
L) UzB‡÷W ‡cqvi K¨vej| L) WLAN-Wireless Local Area Network
M) dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej| M) WMAN-Wireless Metropolitan Area Network
34.†Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx? N) WWAN-Wireless Wide Area Network
Dt †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej 2 cÖKvi 47. eøyUz_ (Bluetooth) Kx?
h_vt K) w_b ‡bU (Thin net) Dt ¯^í `~i‡Z¡ †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ GKwU I‡cb
L) w_K ‡bU (Thick net) Iq¨vi‡jm cÖ‡UvKj n‡”Q eøyUz_| GwU 1-10 wgUvi `~i‡Z¡i
35. UzB‡÷W ‡cqvi K¨vej KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx? g‡a¨ Iq¨vi‡jm †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GKwU c×wZ|
Dt UzB‡÷W ‡cqvi K¨vej 2 cÖKvi Avwe®‹vi t ‡UwjKg †fÛi ‡Kv¤úvwb GwiKmb 1994 mv‡j
h_vt K) AveibnxY UzB‡÷W ‡cqvi K¨vej GwU D™¢veb K‡i| ‡Wbgv‡K©i ivRv n¨v‡ivì eøyUz_
(UTP - Unshielded twisted pair) (Harold Bluetooth) Gi bvgvbymv‡i Kiv n‡q‡Q|
L) Aveibhy³ UzB‡÷W ‡cqvi K¨vej 48. nU¯úU Kx?
(STP-Shielded twisted pair) Dt nU¯úU n‡”Q GKwU wbw`ó Iqvi‡jm Kfv‡iR Gwiqv|
38.AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej †K KZ mv‡j Avwe®‹vi K‡ib? A_©¨vr, †hLvb †_‡K mswkøó wWfvB‡mi mvnv‡h¨ Lye
Dt 1940 mv‡j c`v_©we` Daniel Collodon I mn‡RB B›Uvi‡bU G‡·m Kiv hvq| G ai‡bi †bUIqvK©B
Jacones Babinet dvBev‡ii wfZ‡i Av‡jvi c~b© n‡ÓQ nU¯úU|
Af¨šÍixY nq Zv Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| 49. IqvB-dvB (Wi-Fi) Kx?
39. AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej KqwU Ask? Dt Wi-Fi k‡ãi c~b© A_© n‡jv Wireless Fidelity |
Dt AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej 3wU Ask Kw¤úDUvi ev wWwRUvj ‰e`y¨wZK hš¿cvwZ¸‡jv‡K
h_vt K) †Kvi (Core) | Zviwenxb Dcv‡q B›Uvi‡b‡U mshy³ Kivi GKwU cÖhyw³
L) K¬¨vwWs (Cladding) | n‡jv IqvB-dvB|
Avwe®‹vit WvP Kw¤úDUvi weÁvbx wf±i wfK †n‡qm|
51. IqvB-g¨v·(Wi-Max) Kx?
Dt Wi-Max Gi c~b©iæc Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access| WiMax n‡jv Ggb GKwU cÖhyw³ hvi
gva¨‡g D”PMwZi eªWe¨vÛ †mev, Zviwenxb we¯Í…Z
GjvKvRy‡o B›Uvi‡bU A¨vK‡mm Kiv hvq| cÖhyw³MZfv‡e
IEEE 802.11 bv‡g cwiwPZ|
50. eøyUz_ I IqvBdvB Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL|
eøyUz_ IqvBdvB
1| ¯^í `~i‡Z¡ wewfbœ 1| g~jZt B›Uvi‡bU wfwËK
wWfvB‡mi g‡a¨ Zviwenxb †bUIqv‡K©I
Zviwenxb cÖhyw³|
ms‡hv‡Mi cÖhyw³|
2| Gi wd«Kz‡qwÝ 2.4 2| Gi wd«Kz‡qwÝ 2.4,3.6,5
GHz GHz
3| 3Mbps-25Mbps ‡i‡U 3| 1Mbps-250Mbps ‡i‡U
†WUv UªvÝdvi K‡i| †WUv UªvÝdvi K‡i|
4| Gi wbivcËv Kg| 4| Gi wbivcËv †ewk|
5|GwU †gvevBj, gvDm, 5|GwU Kw¤úDUvi, mvf©vi,
Kx‡evW© BZ¨vw` wUwf, ¯§vU© †gvevBj
ms‡hvM Kiv hvq| BZ¨vw` ms‡hvM Kiv hvq|
53.Wi-Fi I Wi-Max Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL|
Wi-Fi Wi-Max
1| †bUIqv‡K©i Rb¨ †Kv‡bv 1| †bUIqv‡K©i Rb¨ †Kv‡bv
jvB‡mÝ ev KZ…©c‡ÿi jvB‡mÝ ev KZ…©c‡ÿi
Aby‡gv`‡bi Aby‡gv`‡bi
cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| cÖ‡qvRb nq|
2| 2.4GHz-5GHz 2| Wi-Max 2-66GHz
wd«Kz‡qw݇Z Wi-Fi KvR wd«Kz‡qw݇Z KvR K‡i|
K‡i|
3| Wi-Fi Gi GKvwaK 3| Wi-Max Gi 1wU tandard
Standard i‡q‡Q| †hgbt i‡q‡Q| †hgbt 802.16
802.a, 802.b, 802.11g Ges
802.11n BZ¨vw`|
4| Zzjbvg~jK e¨q Kg| 4| Zzjbvg~jK e¨q ‡ewk|
5| Wireless LAN (WLAN) 5| Wireless MAN (WMAN)
‰Zwi‡Z GwU e¨eüZ nq| ‰Zwi‡Z GwU e¨eüZ nq|
6| Gi e¨vÛDB_ 10-50Mbps 6| Gi e¨vÛDB_ 30Mbps
‡_‡K 75Mbps ch©šÍ|

Am¤ú~Y© ÑÑÑ
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