ME403

Introduction to Naval Architecture

& Ocean Engineering
Ship Design Procedures
2017-03-07

https://sites.google.com/site/2017me403/home

Soonhung Han, shhan@kaist.ac.kr

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Book Contents
Let’s get under way
General arrangements
Working areas and accommodations
Design procedures
Hull forms
Statics stability
Dynamic stability
Resistance and powering
Propulsion devices
Choosing propulsion machinery
Wind power
Hull strength requirements
Materials of construction
Structural arrangements
Miscellaneous design matters
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Design Process

Front loading
Design
knowledge

Cost spent
Freedom to
make change

Design Time Line

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Ship Design Spiral

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(Ship) Design Spiral

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Creating a Design

Two basic phases: Creative & analytical

(generate & test)
No single correct solution exists. There is
only a best or good acceptable (optimal)
design solution balancing various design
requirements.
But, there is a correct solution to an
analysis: weight, cost, speed, collapse
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Embodiment design: Deliverables
 Main dimensions and capacity
 General arrangement (G/A)
 Preliminary lines
 Midship section drawing
 Preliminary hydrostatic calculation
 Preliminary weight calculation
 Cargo conditions/deadweight estimates
 Preliminary electric load balances
 Estimate of production hours
 Masterplan for the production process
 Cost estimates
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Engineering Economics

The aim of engineering economics is to make

investment as rewarding as possible.
ROI: return on investment
Important basic concepts
 Money does you no good until it is spent.

 Present dollars are more valuable than

future dollars (i.e., discount future cash flow)

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Present money vs. Future money

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A Simple Case
A crude oil carrier operating between
the Persian Gulf and Busan port of Korea
 Difficult to predict future freight rate (운임)
 A better measure: Required Freight Rate
(RFR) = AAC / Cargo Capacity
 AAC (average annual cost)
 Implication: The best ship in any given trade
is the one that can offer minimum rates
while still producing reasonable profits.
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Economic Criteria

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Summary
Design decisions should be based on
both science (economic analysis) and
art (subjective judgment, experience),
statistics?
It is important to understand how
economics can be used to help make
good decisions in ship design.

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Design Environment
Market trend
 Green Ship
Government, International policy and regulation
 International regulation: pollution & environment,
MARPOL
 Double hull tanker rule, SOLAS
Equipment vendor base
 Cruise ship, Battle ship, Ocean plant
Ship owner preference
Management organization: design agent?
MARPOL: Convention for Prevention of Marine Pollution
SOLAS: Safety of Life at Sea
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Design Participants

Combat system (radar, missile) design integrator

Construction and production planning: CAPP
Equipment vendors: Guest engineer
Acoustic analysis, reliability, human factors
engineering
Classification society
Model basin: Testing model ships
Cost analysis
Ship owner’s representative (선주 감독관)

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Design Tools
CAD systems
Database of previous designs
 Catalog Database
Operational experience
 Sensor network (IoT: internet of things)
Model the ship geometry and perform
analyses (performance evaluation) using
computer
 CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics)
 CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering)
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Design Standards

Ship owner’s requirements

 cargo capacity, speed, endurance
Rules of classification society
Health, safety, pollution: HSE
Government agencies of USA
 Navy, NOAA, Coast Guard
IMO (International Maritime Organization)

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Clean ballast tank
(Double hull)
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Rules of DNV GL
https://rules.dnvgl.com/ServiceDocuments/dnvgl/#!/home

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Principal performance requirements

3 principal performance requirements

 payload, speed, fuel endurance (voyage

distance)
Ship type
 conventional displacement monohull, SWATH,

planning hull, catamaran, hydrofoil, ACV, SES

Propulsion plant
 diesel, gas turbine, nuclear steam turbine,

electric, CODOG (Combined Diesel Or Gas)

Propulsor
 water jet, screw propeller
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Supports of the vessels

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Catamaran, Trimaran

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RORO (Roll-on/Roll-off) Ship
Car carrier 26
Propulsion Systems

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Concept design
Feasibility study: Error bound in cost or weight
 Economics, Technology, Legitimacy, Alternatives
Concept design: Less error bound
Hull envelope and internal subdivisions
Principal hull dimensions (L, B, T, D), principal
hull form coefficients (Cb, Cp, Cx), freeboard,
deck house volume
Existing hull form may be modified by SW;
AVEVA Marine, Intergraph SmartMarine

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Naval Ship
Concept design
Process

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6 critical areas of design integration

Balance between Weight vs. Buoyancy

Stability
Hull girder strength
Required vs. available internal volume
Energy balance: electrical power, steam,
compressed air, cooling water
Ship control: dynamic functional element

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 1000kg/m3

density×volume=
1000×1×1×0.05=
50(kg)

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Question ?

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