CRIPDBIP-KEG-MO-RP-778-1 - Kelani Preliminary GI Scope of Works REPORT

Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
Ministry of Irrigation, Water Resources Management & Disaster Management

World Bank Funded Climate Resilience Improvement Project (CRIP)
Kelani Flood Mitigation

Strategy, Sri Lanka
Preliminary Ground Investigation Scope of
Works - Tranche 1
Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources Management

and Disaster Management
23 July 2018
Climate Resilience Improvement Project (CRIP)
Kelani Flood Mitigation Strategy – Sri Lanka
Notice
This document and its contents have been prepared and are intended solely for Ministry of Irrigation and
Water Resources Management’s information and use in relation to the preliminary ground investigation for
the Kelani Flood Mitigation Scheme.
WS Atkins International Ltd. and GreenTech Consultants (Pvt) Ltd. assume no responsibility to any other
party in respect of or arising out of or in connection with this document and/or its contents.
This document has 4029 pages including the cover.
Document history
Job number: 514623 Document ref: CRIPDBIP-KEG-MO-RP-778-1
Revision Purpose description Originated Checked Reviewed Authorised Date
Rev 1.0 Draft for Client Comment J Geear M Scorer J Apted P Ross 23/07/2018
Client signoff
Client Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources Management
Project Kelani Flood Mitigation Strategy, Sri Lanka
Document title Preliminary Ground Investigation Scope of Works - Tranche 1
Job no. 514623
Copy no. 1
Document CRIPDBIP-KEG-MO-RP-778-1
reference
Atkins Preliminary GI Scope of Works – Tranche 1 | Version 1.0 | 23 July 2018 | 5142623 2
Table of contents
Chapter Pages
1. Project Information 4
1.1. Project Overview 4
1.2. Main Works Proposed 4
1.3. Ground Investigation Objectives 4
1.4. Engineer 5
1.5. Quantities 5
2. Scope of Works 6
2.1. Summary 6
2.2. Method Statement 6
2.3. Specification 6
3. Technical Requirements 8
3.1. Location of Exploratory Holes 8
3.2. Photographic Requirements 8
3.3. Rotary Drillholes 9
3.4. Standard Penetration Testing (SPT) 11
3.5. Sampling in Exploratory Holes 11
3.6. Cone Penetration Testing 12
3.7. Installations and Monitoring 12
3.8. Laboratory Testing 13
4. Professional Attendance 18
4.1. Personnel requirements 18
4.2. Contractor Professional Attendance 18
5. Reporting Requirements 19
5.1. Daily Reporting 19
5.2. Preliminary Field Data 19
5.3. Factual Geotechnical Report 20
5.4. Geotechnical Interpretive Report 20
Appendices 22
Appendix A. Exploratory Hole Location Plans 23
Appendix B. Schedule of Exploratory Holes 35
Tables
Table 3-1 Soil Laboratory Testing Requirements 14
Table 5-1 Timings for submission of reports and data 19
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1. Project Information
1.1. Project Overview
In response to historical flooding in the Kelani Ganga River basin, a strategy has been developed as part of
the Climate Resilience Improvement Project (CRIP) - Consultancy Services for Development of Basin
Investment Plans (DBIP) (Flood and Drought Risk Mitigation Investment Plans) to protect Colombo and its
suburban area from flooding.
This scheme includes the detailed design of flood defences and as such preliminary ground investigations,
testing and report preparation is required. The purpose of the preliminary investigation is to provide the
necessary geotechnical information to support the first phase detailed design and inform further detailed
ground investigation.
This document presents the requirements for a preliminary ground investigation and sets out the minimum
standards of work to be adopted.
1.2. Main Works Proposed

The Kelani Flood Mitigation Strategy comprises two stages:
 Stage 1: a set of flood defences from Hanwella to the river mouth, including the tributaries entering the
main channel, protecting the area at a 1:25 year return period level of protection.
 Stage 2: a set of reservoirs in the mid-upper basin to capture the flood waters generated in the upper
level of protection to a 1:100-year return period. These are planned to be developed as multipurpose
reservoirs, contributing to water supply for domestic and industrial uses, inter-basin transfer of water to
the dry zones and hydropower generation, in addition to their prioritised flood mitigation function.
The main works proposed and covered by this scope relate to the preliminary ground investigation for
Tranche 1 of the flood defences covered under the Stage 1 works. A description of the topography, ground
conditions and land use along Tranche 1 and Tranche 2 is provided in Atkins’ Stage 1 desk study report ref:
CRIPDBIP-KEG-MO-RP-777-1.
1.3. Ground Investigation Objectives

This scope of works covers the preliminary ground investigation for the flood defences proposed as part of
Stage 1 of the scheme. This scope of works is only concerned with Tranche 1 of the scheme, which is herein
referred to as ‘the Site’. Tranche 1 includes the area along the Kelani River between Hanwella and Kaduella,
as shown by the proposed Embankment Trace on the maps in Appendix A. The preliminary ground
investigation works are planned to be undertaken prior to the first phase detailed design of the Stage 1 flood
defences.
The aim of the preliminary ground investigation for Tranche 1 is to:
 Confirm the anticipated geological profile along the banks of the Kelani River and develop the
geological ground model;
 Establish the groundwater and ground gas regime at the Site;
 Obtain relevant geo-environmental data;
 Carry out in-situ testing to determine the strength, stiffness and permeability for the ground to inform
the first phase detailed design of the proposed flood defences;
 Obtain representative samples for laboratory testing and;
 Carry out appropriate laboratory testing to obtain representative geotechnical parameters for the first
phase detailed design of the proposed flood defences.

1.4. Engineer
The term Engineer is used within this document. This shall be taken to mean the company and/or individual
and their assistants appointed by the Employer to oversee the technical aspects of the preliminary ground
investigation. The Employer will advise the Contractor of the name of the Engineer and confirm the role and
duties of the Engineer prior to the commencement on site.
1.5. Quantities
It should be noted that the quantities of work defined herein, i.e. depths of boreholes and numbers of tests is
an estimate. This may vary as the investigation progresses. Any variation shall be confirmed by the
Employer (Commercial) and Engineer (Technical). The Contractor shall allow for dealing with all and such
variations.

2. Scope of Works
2.1. Summary
This section describes the scope of the preliminary ground investigation to be carried out for Tranche 1 of
the Kelani Flood Mitigation scheme. It will comprise the following:
 30 no. rotary drillholes at approximate 1km intervals along the alignment of the proposed defences.
SPT testing and thin wall open tube sampling will be undertaken in rotary drillholes within superficial
deposits at 1m intervals. Seven of the rotary drillholes will extend to 5m below rockhead level, to a
nominal depth of 20mbgl;
 54 no. cone penetration tests with (CPT) at approximate 500m intervals along the alignment of the
proposed defences. Cone penetration tests will terminate on refusal;
 Installation of a mixture of 19mm Casagrande piezometers and 50mm standpipes for groundwater
monitoring;
 Sampling and monitoring of standpipes and piezometers during fieldwork, and for a period of three
months post fieldwork;
 Geotechnical laboratory testing including classification, strength, chemical and compressibility tests;
 Provision of draft and final factual and interpretative GI reports by the Contractor with associated digital
data.
2.2. Method Statement

Prior to commencing the work, the contractor shall present a detailed method statement covering the works
to the Engineer for this agreement. Work shall not start until agreement has been given by the Engineer. The
method statement shall cover amongst other details:
Methods for conducting the fieldwork and laboratory work;
 The management of health and safety;

 The management of the environment;
 The management of the UXO risk;
 The management of service avoidance;
2.3. Specification
The requirements herein reference various standards. The contractor may propose alternative standards and
standard specifications for consideration by the Engineer. Unless these have been agreed at tender stage
the Engineer is not bound to accept these. The following standards are to be used as reference standards
for the works:
 BS EN 1997-2 – Eurocode 7 -Geotechnical Design Part 2 – Ground Investigation and Testing

 BS5930:2015 – Code of Practice for Ground Investigations
 BS EN ISO 22475-1:2006 - Geotechnical investigation and testing. Sampling methods and
groundwater measurements. Technical principles for execution
 BS EN ISO 14688-1 - Identification and classification of soil. Identification and description
 BS EN ISO 14689-1 - Geotechnical investigation and testing. Identification and classification of rock.
Identification and description
 BS 10175:2011+A1:2013 - Investigation of potentially contaminated sites. Code of practice

 BS EN ISO 22476-3:2005 - Geotechnical investigation and testing. Field testing. Standard

penetration test
 BS EN 22476 Part 1 - Geotechnical investigation and testing. Field testing. Electrical cone and
piezocone penetration test
 BS 1377:1990 Part 1 to 9 – Methods of test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes
 ISRM 2007 - The ISRM Suggested Methods for Rock Characterization, Testing and Monitoring:
2007-2014

3. Technical Requirements
3.1. Location of Exploratory Holes
Boreholes shall be drilled and the field testing carried out at the locations shown on the plans in Appendix A
and listed in Appendix B. The locations provided are provisional and are to be confirmed with the Engineer
prior to drilling.
Once the drilling of a borehole or field testing is completed, the location shall be clearly marked with a
coloured stake. To minimize the risk due to vandalism, the stake shall be tied-in at least to two semi-
permanent marks and the tie-in shall be clearly indicated on the field sheet.
Survey Accuracy
The Contractor shall conduct a survey of all field testing locations. Eastings, Northings and elevations of the
investigated locations shall be recorded in Sri Lankan 1999 Survey Grid Format (SLD-99) and progressively
submitted to the Engineer in electronic format (Microsoft xls) within 5 days of completion of each individual
investigation.
The co-ordinates of the exploratory hole locations with respect to the SLD-99 coordinate system shall be
recorded to an accuracy of ±0.1m.
The Contractor shall be responsible for recording ground elevations of all the exploratory holes to an
accuracy of ±0.01m. Ground elevations shall be based on Sri Lankan Datum - metres above mean sea level
(mMSL).
Access
The Contractor shall seek the necessary permission or access approval for each exploratory hole location in
a timely manner prior to the works commencing. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to inspect each
location, and determine its accessibility and suitability for drilling with respect to obstacles, safety and
environmental issues. Should the Contractor consider the location unsuitable for drilling, the Engineer shall
be immediately notified and an alternative location shall be selected.
Constraints
It is the responsibility of the Contractor to verify details of all services in the vicinity of proposed boreholes, to
obtain approvals and legal clearances from appropriate authorities, and to make good areas disturbed by the
work to the satisfaction of the relevant authorities.
All work around existing services must be conducted in accordance with the Service Authorities
requirements. Service Authorities may require risk assessments, work method statements and their own site
supervision prior to excavation near or potholing for the services. The Contractor is to determine the
individual requirements with each Service Authority.
The Contractor is responsible for any damage to any service or other sub-surface facility and shall make
good such damage at its expense.
Environmental Controls
The investigations may involve working in areas where environmental controls are required. These may
include control of drill water, borehole spoil, disturbance to flora and fauna, reinstatement of any disturbance,
restricted working hours, noise levels and safety of the local population.
The Contractor shall arrange for all environmental approvals and time and cost allowance for this activity.
3.2. Photographic Requirements

Digital colour photographs shall be taken prior to the commencement of the GI to determine the condition of
the Site prior to any works. Photographs shall also be taken upon completion of the GI. This shall act as a
record to ensure that the Site has been returned to an acceptable condition following the completion of
works. Digital photographs in jpeg format shall be submitted to the Engineer for review within 24 hours of
being taken.
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Inspection Pits
Digital colour photographs are required of all inspection pits. All pits to be photographed to show a general
view of the pit and excavation arisings plus separate views of each excavated face and any foundations
exposed.
The Contractor shall photograph the inspection pit arisings in a fresh condition prior to logging and ensure
that the following criteria are fulfilled:
a) A graduated scale in centimetres is provided.

b) Labels and markers are clearly legible in the photograph.
c) A clearly legible reference board identifying the project title, exploratory hole number, date and depth
range shall be included in each photograph.
The colour bar on all photographs shall show at least the following colours:
 PANTOME PROCESS YELLOW

 PANTOME 335
 PANTOME PROCESS CYAN
 PANTOME PROCESS 192
Core Photographs
Each core length will be photographed, the core will be in a fresh condition prior to logging. Digital colour
photographs shall be taken and supplied by the Contractor. The Contractor shall photograph cores in a fresh
condition prior to logging and ensure that the following criteria are fulfilled:
A. A graduated scale in centimetres is provided.

B. Labels and markers are clearly legible in the photograph.
C. A clearly legible reference board identifying the project title, exploratory hole number, date and
depth range of drill runs shall be included in each photograph.
D. Core boxes are evenly and consistently lit.
E. The length of the core box in each photograph fills the frame.
F. The focal plane of the camera and the plane of the core box are parallel.
G. The camera is placed in the same position with respect to the core box in every photograph
3.3. Rotary Drillholes

Rotary drillholes shall be drilled at the locations presented on the plans in Appendix A and listed in Appendix
B. Rotary drillholes along the Tranche 1 alignment shall be drilled vertically, and terminate at 5m below the
top of intact bedrock. Intact bedrock is defined as strata with the engineering properties of a rock. The
approval of the Engineer shall be sought before any exploratory hole is terminated and backfilled/installed.
Drilling shall be undertaken in general accordance with requirements of the British Standard Code of
Practice for Site Investigation, BS 5930: 2015.
Inspection Pits
Prior to forming the exploratory hole, the Contractor shall check for the presence of services on up to date
service plans and perform CAT and Genny scanning of each location. A 1.2m hand dug inspection pit shall
be dug at each borehole location which will be CAT and Genny scanned at its base. Sampling in inspection
pits will be required as detailed in Section 3.5.
Augering
3.3.2.1. General Requirements
Continuous flight or hollow stem augering is to be used to advance rotary drillholes through superficial
deposits. Where hollow-stem augering is used, sampling is to be undertaken through the hollow stem.
Augering in soils shall be conducted such that Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) are undertaken at minimum
1 m intervals and 75 mm diameter 1m length thin-wall tube samples are taken at 1 m intervals in cohesive

soils of stiff or lesser consistency (very soft through to stiff). Thin-wall tube samples shall be pushed using
static thrust rather than dynamic driving.
Open tube samples shall be of minimum 75mm diameter. Thin walled samples (OS-T/W) should be used
where possible. Open tube samples are to be pushed using static thrust (hydraulics, pulleys or similar) rather
than driven. 1m length sampling tubes (Shelby tubes) shall be used.
Where the soil is too soft to undertake SPT testing successfully (N values of 0 are obtained) then continuous
75mm diameter thin-walled tube sampling shall be undertaken as directed by the Engineer.
Thin-wall tube samples that are not scheduled for laboratory testing shall be split, photographed and logged
in accordance with BS5930: 2015.
Soils shall be logged and recorded in accordance with BS 5930:2015.
3.3.2.2. Termination Criteria

Auger drillholes shall terminate upon refusal of the auger stem, and after 3 no. SPT refusals (N>50) have
been obtained.
Rotary Coring
3.3.3.1. General Requirements
Rotary core drilling shall be undertaken at the locations listed in Appendix B (7 no.). Rotary core drilling shall
produce Class 1 rock cores (in accordance with BS EN ISO 22475-1:2006) using a triple tube rotary coring
system incorporating a semi-rigid liner. The minimum core diameter shall be 80mm throughout the core
length unless agreed by the Engineer. The use of a T6-116 core barrel or similar is suggested.
Maximum core runs of 1.5m are required. All operations entailed in recovering the cores from the ground
after completion of drilling shall be carried out in a manner such as to minimise disturbance to the cores.
Immediately after removing the liner, the top and bottom shall be marked with indelible ink. The ends of the
liners shall be capped and sealed using adhesive tape.
The type and state of drill bit, feed rates and management of the drill shall be such that 100% core recovery
in any single run can be obtained where the condition of the soil or rock permits.
Core recovery of less than 95% in any drill run will not be acceptable unless the Engineer is satisfied that a
greater recovery than 95% is impractical under the prevailing conditions. If more than 95% core recovery can
be achieved in the opinion of the Engineer, the Contractor, after consultation with the Engineer, shall take
measures to improve the situation. Such measures may include experimentation with different drill bits, flush
types, core barrels, liners or drilling techniques etc.
Where core recovery is less than 95% or the rate of coring indicates a core recovery of less than 95%, the
length of the core run shall be reduced by 50% to a minimum of 0.5m length.
Drilling methods and parameters shall be selected and continually reviewed as the borehole progresses to
ensure that the drilling induced fractures are kept to a minimum and core quality to maximum. Casing is to be
used to maintain the stability of the hole where required.
3.3.3.2. Termination Criteria

Rotary cored drillholes shall terminate at 5m below the top of intact bedrock.
Soil and Rock Logging

Detailed logging of soil and rock is required, to BS EN ISO 14688-1, BS EN ISO 14689-1 and BS5930.
Provision of all necessary facilities is to be made by the Contractor for soil samples, and soil and rock core to
be photographed, logged and sub-sampled on site.
The Contractor shall facilitate viewing, inspection, check logging and sample selection by third parties as
necessary. Prior to examination and logging, the core is to be cleaned, labelled and photographed. Where
required the core shall be sub-sampled and preserved in order to maintain moisture content and prevent
sample disturbance.

The Contractor’s engineer’s logs will contain details of any visual and/or olfactory evidence of contamination
in accordance with BS 10175:2011+A1:2013
Thin-wall tube samples selected by the Engineer are to be extruded, split, photographed and logged in the
Contractor’s laboratory, with the photographs and geotechnical logging reported in the Factual Report on
proforma sheets approved by the Engineer. The Contractor’s borehole logs shall be updated with these
descriptions.
All samples and core shall be transported to Colombo at the Contractor’s cost and kept in secure storage for
up to 6 months from issue of final factual report.
3.4. Standard Penetration Testing (SPT)

SPT testing shall be carried out in accordance with BS EN ISO 22476-3:2005 at 1.0m centres in auger
drillholes. A small disturbed sample is to be taken from the split spoon of every SPT.
At least 2 working days in advance of the start of SPT testing at the Site, the Contractor shall provide to the
Engineer all SPT calibration certificate(s), which shall not be more than 4 months old at the start of the works
contract. The calibration certification shall include a statement of the energy ratio (“Er”) of the SPT
equipment to be used. The hammer shall be an automatic trip hammer. Other types of hammer will require
approval from the Engineer, and shall be noted on the borehole logs.
The water surface and casing levels in the borehole at the time of each SPT test shall be reported. When an
SPT test is carried out, the Contractor shall record and include in their report the blow count for each 75mm
increment of penetration (or each part). The Contractor shall also calculate and report the N and N 60 values
for each test.
3.5. Sampling in Exploratory Holes

Unless directed by the Engineer, samples shall be taken from exploratory holes as detailed below. Sampling
frequency shall be sufficient for the proposed laboratory testing, and to facilitate the exploratory hole.
Additional samples are to be taken by the Contractor’s staff as directed by the Engineer.
All samples shall be removed from the location of the boreholes at the end of each day's work and shall be
protected from excessive heat by being stored on or near the site in a structure which is under cover and
secure from interference. All samples shall be removed from the site so as to reach the laboratory within five
days of being taken.
Due to the possible variability of ground conditions that may be encountered, and the evolving requirements
for geotechnical testing; the sampling sequence may be adjusted by the Engineer.
Inspection Pits
Bulk samples to be taken at 0.5m and 1.0m below ground level or when a change in strata is encountered;
Small disturbed samples taken in the topsoil and in each soil unit;
Small disturbed samples shall be taken between bulk or large bulk samples;
Rotary Auger holes – Cohesive Superficial Deposits
SPTs shall be taken at 1m intervals, alternating with 1m hydraulically pushed thin-wall Shelby tube samples.
A small disturbed sample shall be taken from the SPT split spoon. Shelby tube samples are to be of
minimum 75mm diameter.
Small disturbed samples will be taken from the auger flights at 1m intervals and at each change in strata.
Rotary Auger holes – Granular Superficial Deposits
SPTs shall be undertaken at 1m in granular superficial deposits. A small disturbed sample shall be taken
from the SPT split spoon.
Bulk disturbed samples shall be taken every 1m from the auger flights.

Rotary Auger holes – Residual Soil and Bedrock
Continuous coring shall be undertaken in residual soil and bedrock. Continuous coring shall be obtained
after three SPT refusals (N>50) have been obtained.
One 300mm core subsample shall be taken from each 1.5m core run. Where coring is undertaken in residual
soil, an additional small disturbed sample shall be taken from each core run.
3.6. Cone Penetration Testing

Cone Penetration Testing (CPT) are required at approximate 500m intervals along the alignment, in the
locations identified in Appendix B. A number of these locations are adjacent to the proposed borehole
positions to provide correlation of geotechnical characteristics of the encountered soils. All CPTU exploratory
positions shall be advanced to refusal. Refusal criteria to be agreed with the Engineer prior to
commencement of testing.
The CPT cones used for the work shall be fully calibrated within the preceding 6 months. Calibration
certificates for all cones shall be provided to the Engineer 2 days in advance of the start of testing. All cone
penetration testing shall be carried out in accordance with BS EN 22476 Part 1. The following measurements
and calculated values will be required, at intervals of 20mm:
 Total force acting on cone (Qc)

 Total force acting on friction sleeve (Fs)
 Total cone resistance (qc)
 Sleeve friction (fs)
 Friction Ratio (Rf)
3.7. Installations and Monitoring

Installations
The Contractor will consult the Engineer upon reaching the scheduled depth of each borehole to confirm
details of installations and backfill.
Standpipe Installations
50mm diameter HDPE standpipes shall be installed as directed by the Engineer for ground gas monitoring,
and for groundwater monitoring in high permeability soils. The pipes will typically comprise a slotted section
(response zone) with plain pipe as necessary to achieve the required depths. Response zones (slotted
section) of standpipes must not extend across multiple strata. The standpipe slotted section shall be
wrapped with a filter fabric. Unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
Standpipe response zones are to be surrounded by granular backfill with a bentonite seal above and below
the response zone. The bentonite seal should be no less than 1m thick. A sump section of the standpipe is
to be included as instructed by the Engineer.
Casagrande Piezometer Installations
HDPE or PVC Casagrande Piezometers shall be installed for groundwater monitoring in low to medium
permeability soils as directed by the Engineer. Depth of piezometer tip and backfill are to be confirmed by
the Engineer. The piezometer tip shall be surrounded by fine sand with a bentonite seal above the
piezometer tip. The bentonite seal should be no less than 1m thick.
If two or more installations are placed in the same borehole, the seal between response zones shall be at
least 5m in length, unless otherwise specified by the Engineer. Other details of the seal can be proposed by
the Contractor and agreed with the Engineer.
Piezometer tubing shall be of suitable diameter to allow monitoring with an electronic dip meter, anticipated
to be minimum 19mm diameter.

Groundwater Sampling
Where groundwater samples are collected from installations, the installation should be surged and bailed
until clear water is returned and the field measured conductivity is stable.
Sampling must be performed in such a way as not to contaminate samples in any way. Samples should be
collected with a clean stainless-steel bailer. Both acidified (analytical grade H2SO4) and non-acidified
samples should be collected and immediately stored, chilled, in a cool-box until analyses are performed.
In addition to the nominated laboratory tests, field measurements of pH, conductivity and temperature shall
be performed. The locations where water samples have been taken and the depth of the installation
response zone shall be recorded, along with the time and date of sampling.
Groundwater Monitoring
Measurements of standing water level in rotary drillholes shall be made at the start and end of each shift.
The Contractor shall take groundwater level readings daily in each installation for the duration of the site
works and at the completion of all site works. Subsequent groundwater level readings are to be arranged by
the Contractor at weekly intervals for a minimum period of three months.
Groundwater readings must be provided to the Engineer three days following visits to enable assessment.
Groundwater readings are to be provided in digital format (Excel .xls or .xlsx). The groundwater monitoring
programme is subject to change pending the findings of the initial results.
3.8. Laboratory Testing

Laboratory testing shall be carried out on the soil deposits recovered during the ground investigation with the
proposed number of tests indicated in Table 3-1. If the Contractor feels that a more appropriate standard is
applicable or wishes to deviate from the standard this shall be made clear. Where “in house procedures” are
required the contractor should provide details of these to the Engineer.

Table 3-1 Soil Laboratory Testing Requirements
Laboratory Test Standard Test Method Rationale Number per borehole Total
Classification testing
Moisture content BS1377-2 One test every 2m 8 240
Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and BS1377-2 One test every 2m 8 240
Plasticity Index
PSD by wet sieving BS1377-2 One test every five metres 3 90
Sedimentation by hydrometer1 BS1377-2 One test every five metres (with 3 90

PSD)
Particle density by gas jar BS1377-2 One test at each oedometer, 3 90

triaxial or shear box test depth
Consolidation testing
Incremental loading one-dimensional BS1377-5 Three tests per borehole, 3 90

consolidation in an oedometer to a targeting cohesive alluvium3
maximum pressure of 3200kPa2
Shear box testing
Determination of shear strength by BS 1377-7 One test per borehole (either 1 30

direct shear (small shearbox small or large shear box),
apparatus) targeting cohesive alluvium and
river terrace deposits. Test
Determination of shear strength by BS 1377-7 pressures are to be nominally
direct shear (large shearbox 0.5x overburden, overburden
apparatus) and 2x overburden effective
stresses.
Monotonic triaxial testing
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Unconsolidated-undrained triaxial BS 1377-7 Two tests per borehole, 2 60

compression without measurement targeting cohesive alluvium.
of pore water pressure Test cell pressures are to
approximate the total
overburden stress at sampling
depth.
Consolidated-undrained triaxial BS 1377-8 One test every two boreholes 1 every two boreholes 15
compression with measurement of (either CU or CD test), targeting
pore water pressure at a single alluvium and residual soil.
confining pressure
Single stage triaxial tests are to
Consolidated-drained triaxial BS 1377-8 be undertaken at a range of
compression test with measurement effective stresses (nominally
of volume change at a single 0.5x overburden, overburden
confining pressure and 2x overburden)
Dispersibility testing
Dispersibility by pinhole method BS 1377-5 Two tests per hole (either 2 60

pinhole or double hydrometer)
Dispersibility by double hydrometer BS 1377-5 Targeting a spread of cohesive
method alluvium and residual soil.
Soil Description
Split, describe and photograph thin BS5930 Split and describe all thin wall 4 120
wall tube samples tube samples not scheduled for
strength and compressibility
testing
Chemical testing
Determination of organic matter BS 1377-3 2 tests per hole, targeting 2 60

content4 cohesive and organic alluvium
Determination of mass loss on BS 1377-3 2 tests per hole, targeting 2 60

ignition4 cohesive and organic alluvium
Determination of acid soluble BS 1377-3 2 tests per hole, ensuring a 2 60

sulphate content representative spread of tests
between made ground, alluvium,
Determination of water soluble BS 1377-3 river terrace deposits and 2 60
sulphate content (2:1 soil water residual soil is obtained.
extract)
Water soluble chloride content BS 1377-3 2 60
Determination of total dissolved BS 1377-3 2 60

solids
Determination of pH BS 1377-3 2 60
Determination of water soluble BS 1377-3 2 60

chloride content
Determination of acid soluble BS 1377-3 2 60

chloride content
Carbonate content by rapid titration BS 1377-3 One test per hole 1 30
Determination of sulphate content of BS 1377-3 1 30

groundwater
1. Sedimentation analysis should be performed if >10% of material passes through a 63μm sieve.
2. Selected test stages of the oedometer test shall be extended to determine the secondary consolidation index (C α) and the coefficient of secondary Consolidation
(Csec) as directed by the Engineer.
3. Test pressures shall assume a 5m high embankment with a fill unit weight of 20kN/m 3, i.e. a maximum effective stress of 100kPa above effective overburden
pressure. For very soft and soft clays, test pressures shall be sufficient to cover a range of between 6 – 12kPa and effective overburden pressure +100kPa. This
may require up to 10 stages of loading and unloading.
4. Testing dependent on expected level of organic matter content.
Climate Resilience Improvement Project (CRIP)Kelani Flood Mitigation Strategy, Sri Lanka
Laboratory Test Scheduling

The Engineer is to schedule testing. Unless otherwise agreed with the Engineer:
 The Contractor shall compile a sample schedule and issue it, along with the preliminary or draft
exploratory hole log, to the Engineer within 48 hours of completing logging at any individual exploratory
hole. This sample schedule shall be in Microsoft Excel format (.xls or .xlsx) and contain all available
samples and labelled columns for all proposed laboratory tests;
 The sample schedule shall be populated by the Engineer with testing requirements on selected samples
and re-issued as a ‘Laboratory Testing Schedule’ to the Contractor within 48 hours of receipt; and
 Once a laboratory testing schedule has been issued by the Engineer to the Contractor the required
samples and core shall be collected by the Contractor within 1 week of receipt and delivered to the
appropriate laboratory for testing.
Additional Requirements
3.8.2.1. Oedometer Tests
A plot of e vs root time and a plot of compression (dH) vs root and log time should be provided for each
loading stage for all tests. For selected samples, determination of the co-efficient of secondary consolidation
(Csec) and the secondary compression index (Cα) will be required. It is required that this data is to be
provided in Microsoft Excel .xls or .xlsx format.
Selected stages of the oedometer test shall be extended over a period of 7 days at stress level specified by
the Engineer, to determine the Coefficient of Secondary Consolidation (Csec) and Seconday Compression
Index (Cα) under normally consolidated conditions.
3.8.2.2. Triaxial Tests

Plots and associated data for measured deviator stress, principal stress ratio and pore water pressure vs
axial strain and displacement are to be provided for all Consolidated Undrained and Consolidated Drained
Triaxial tests. Plots and associated data for volume change vs axial strain and displacement are to be
provided for Consolidated Undrained and Consolidated drained triaxial tests as appropriate.
For both Consolidated Undrained and Consolidated Drained Triaxial tests, determination of stress paths of
t=0.5(σ1−σ3) against s’=0.5(σ′1+σ′3), or q against p’ will be required. For Consolidated Drained Triaxial
Tests only, a plot determining volumetric strain vs axial strain is required for each test.

Climate Resilience Improvement Project (CRIP)Kelani Flood Mitigation Strategy, Sri Lanka
4. Professional Attendance
4.1. Personnel requirements
The Contractor shall employ qualified personnel for the ground investigation and shall ensure that a qualified
competent Site Engineer is provided on a full-time basis with each drilling rig and CPT rig.
The Contractor’s Site Engineers shall record all site and subsurface information gathered during the
investigation on-site on suitable field sheets. A copy of the field sheet template shall be provided to the
Engineer for approval not less than two weeks prior to the commencement of works.
Any Sub-Contractor to be used in association with the GI works shall require the approval of the Engineer.
The GI works Contractor shall be responsible for the services to be provided by the Sub-Contractor and shall
be liable for defects and omissions from them.
4.2. Contractor Professional Attendance

The Contractor shall provide Professional Attendance to manage the Site Operations as detailed below:
Site Agent:
The full-time attendance of a qualified Engineering Geologist or Geotechnical Engineer with experience of
managing site activities related to similar ground investigations is required on site, and will be responsible for
the technical direction and output of the fieldwork. The Site Agent shall be contactable at all times during the
works.
Site Engineers:
Full time attendance of qualified Geotechnical Engineers or Engineering Geologists with not less than 3
years’ experience in logging of soils and rock is required, to supervise the drilling of exploratory holes and in-
situ testing and to log soil and rock samples. Alternatively, the full-time attendance of a Senior Technical
Officer (non-professional) with at least 8 years relevant experience may be provided.
The Contactors Site Engineers are to be responsible for soil and rock logging in exploratory holes, taking
samples from, boreholes and core, taking photographs and providing daily records and logs (except where
daily records are for activities carried out by boring operatives).
In-situ Testing Supervisor:

Full time attendance of a qualified Geotechnical Engineer or Engineering Geologist with experience of
managing site activities related to similar in situ testing investigations (Cone Penetration testing) is required
to oversee the in-situ testing. The experience requirement may be relaxed with the agreement of the
Engineer where the full-time Site Agent, or other senior site member, is appropriately qualified for this role.
The Contractor shall provide an experienced geotechnical engineer or geologist full time on site for the
supervision of all site activities, The Contractors geotechnical engineer or geologist shall have a minimum of
5 years relevant experience.
The contractor shall provide a CV for all geotechnical engineers or geologists demonstrating their experience
with respect to the scope of the investigations and in particular their competency for the supervision of cable
percussion boring, rotary drilling and in situ testing, geotechnical and geo-environmental sampling and
quality logging.
It should be noted that more than one role may be undertaken by the same person.

5. Reporting Requirements
Factual and Interpretative ground investigation reports shall be prepared by the Contractor. Reporting is
required during and after the investigation as follows. The timescales for submission reporting are
summarised in Table 5-1.
Table 5-1 Timings for submission of reports and data
Data Type Timing

Daily Reporting At end of each shift
Preliminary logs and lab schedule Within 48 hours of completion of borehole or in-situ test
Preliminary laboratory test data Within one week of completion of test
Draft factual report Within one week of completion of all testing
Final factual report Within one week of Engineers approval of draft factual report
Draft Interpretative Report Within two weeks of Engineers approval of final factual report
Final Interpretative Report Within two weeks of Engineers approval of draft interpretative report
5.1. Daily Reporting

For each exploratory hole, the Contractor shall submit a daily report to the Engineer.
The following information shall be included:
 Date;
 Project name, exploratory hole number and location;
 Depth and location of tests or depths covered by tests as appropriate, together with reduced
 levels;
 Augering meterage to date;
 Rotary drilling meterage to date;
 Summary of no. exploratory holes completed to date, and;
 Progress of in-situ testing.
Drillers logs shall also be provided for each borehole, and contain a record of the following information:
 Sample type and depth

 In-situ test results
 Drilling method
 Core run
 Core recovered length and diameter;
 Flush type;
 Flush colour
 Flush loss;
 Water strikes, and;
 Stratum description.
Daily reports and drillers logs shall be provided to the Engineer for review at the end of each shift;
5.2. Preliminary Field Data

The following preliminary field data shall be provided to the Engineer:
 Preliminary borehole logs: Preliminary logs shall contain soil and rock descriptions, in-situ test
results, sample type and depth, core runs, core recovery details, water strikes, coordinates and
elevation for each exploratory hole, shall be provided to the Engineer within 48 hours of completion
of each exploratory hole;

 Preliminary CPT logs: MS Excel and AGS format data shall be provided to the Engineer within 48
hours of completion of each test. This shall contain all parameters measured, as detailed in Section
3.6. Summary logs shall also be prepared in PDF format.
 Laboratory test results: Preliminary Laboratory test results shall be provided to the Engineer within
5 days of the completion of each test.
5.3. Factual Geotechnical Report

All information collected during field investigations and laboratory testing shall be presented in a factual
geotechnical report. The factual geotechnical report shall include the following information:
 Drillers Logs
 In-situ test data sheets;
 Geotechnical laboratory test results and data sheets;
 Colour core photographs;
 Borehole logs, showing SPT test results, core run and recovery data, sample types and depth and a
diagram of any installations;
 Colour photographs of all inspection pits, split undisturbed samples and exploratory hole locations
both before and after field work;
 Cone penetration test output results;
 Groundwater level monitoring data;
 Groundwater pH and conductivity field measurement data;
The factual ground investigation report shall provide a narrative and tabular summary of all investigation
techniques and results within the report text. All data within the factual geotechnical report also be provided
as digital data. Accompanying digital data shall be provided in hard copy and electronic format (PDF, MS
Excel and AGS.
Borehole and CPT logs shall be prepared at a scale of no more than 8m of borehole per A4 page. Borehole
logs are to be provided in PDF, MS Excel (.xls) and AGS format. CPT logs will include an interpretation of
the raw CPT data to produce an interpretative geological log including soil behaviour type and strata
description.
Plans at appropriate scale (A3 size) shall be prepared in Autocad and pdf format, showing the locations of all
exploratory holes undertaken in SLD 99 grid format. Co-ordinates of each test location (x,y,z) shall be
tabulated and provided in MS Excel (.xls) format.
Draft and final versions of the Factual Ground Investigation Report shall be provided by the Contractor in
PDF format, and contain embedded MS Excel and AGS format data for all results.
5.4. Geotechnical Interpretive Report

Contents
The Contractor shall prepare a geotechnical interpretative report (GIR) accordance with BS EN 1997-2,
providing analysis of all data obtained from the preliminary ground investigation. Using the factual
geotechnical data, the Contractor shall define geotechnical units across the Site to provide a framework for
the analysis of geotechnical data. The Geotechnical Interpretative Report shall include the following:
 Summary of geological setting, site geology and the characteristics of the geotechnical units defined;
 Summary of hydrogeological setting, site hydrogeology and groundwater conditions;
 Summary of sources of information used;
 Tabular summary of the ranges of thickness of each geotechnical unit;
 Tabular summary of the general characteristics of each geotechnical unit;

 Tabular representations of the minimum, maximum, mean, and representative (best estimate)
geotechnical parameters for each unit. The representative values shall be those recommended for
use in design;
 Plots of each geotechnical parameter by geological unit, in both depth and elevation where
appropriate;
 Rationale for the derivation of geotechnical parameters, including any empirical correlations used;
Geotechnical Parameters
As a minimum, the Contractor shall provide analyses of the following geotechnical data:
 Moisture Content;
 Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index;
 Particle Size Distribution;
 N, N60 and N160 Value obtained from Standard Penetration Tests;
 Cone resistance qc, from CPT;
 Friction Ratio Rf from CPT;
 Soil behaviour type from CPT;
 Bulk Unit Weight γ’;
 Dry Unit Weight γdry
 Undrained Shear Strength (Cu) of cohesive soils from SPT, CPT and laboratory test data;
 Angle of effective shearing resistance ϕ’ and cohesion c’ of granular soils from SPT, CPT and
laboratory test data;
 Relative density Dr of granular soils from CPT data
 Coefficient of Volume Compressibility mv for cohesive soils, from SPT, CPT and laboratory test
data;
 Coefficient of Consolidation Cv, for cohesive soils from SPT, CPT and laboratory test data;
 pH of soil and groundwater;
 Conductivity of groundwater;
 Acid extractable sulphate content of soil and groundwater;
 Water soluble sulphate content of soil and groundwater;
 Chloride ion content of soil and groundwater;
 Organic Content;
 Mass Loss on Ignition;
The contractor shall prepare geotechnical data plots for all of the above parameters, by geotechnical unit.
Representative geotechnical parameters shall be shown on the plots for each unit.
Drawings
The Contractor shall prepare the following drawings as part of the interpretative geotechnical report:
 A plan of all exploratory hole locations superimposed upon the scheme embankment alignment;
 A plan showing the locations of all groundwater monitoring installations;
 A plan showing areas of potentially contaminated ground; and,
 A plan showing the generalised geology along the alignment;
Drawings shall be presented as 1:2500 scale A3 drawings, and shall be provided in PDF and AutoCAD
format (DXF or DWG) appended to the interpretative report.
Long Sections
The Contractor shall provide two long section drawings along the embankment alignment at a horizontal
scale of 1:10,000. The long-section drawings shall show all exploratory hole and CPT data. One long section
shall be prepared for each bank. The long-section drawings shall be presented in PDF and AutoCAD format
(DWG or DXF). PDF drawings shall be presented at A0 size.

Appendices
Appendix A. Exploratory Hole Location

Plans

Appendix B. Schedule of Exploratory

Holes
The schedule of exploratory holes is presented in B-1. Preliminary Easting and Northing coordinates are
provided in SLD-1999 projected coordinate system. Where breakout of hardstanding at ground level is likely
to be required for an exploratory hole, this is indicated in B-1.

B-1 Schedule of exploratory holes
BHID Type Easting Northing (m) Elevation (SLD Estimated Depth Termination Criteria Breakout of Remarks
(m) mMSL) (m) hardstanding
required?
BH01 CFA+RC 412823.6796 492898.5788 tbc 20 5m below top of Yes 50mm standpipe installation
intact bedrock
BH02 CFA 413522.041 493009.2678 tbc 15 Refusal of auger + 3x No 19mm piezometer installation
SPT refusal
BH03 CFA 414096.2177 493247.9874 tbc 15 Refusal of auger + 3x No 50mm standpipe installation
SPT refusal
SPT refusal
SPT refusal
BH06 CFA 416031.0313 493855.7106 tbc 15 Refusal of auger + 3x No 19mm piezometer installation.
SPT refusal
SPT refusal
SPT refusal
BH09 CFA+RC 416553.4992 491731.2817 tbc 20 5m below top of No 50mm standpipe installation
intact bedrock
SPT refusal
SPT refusal
SPT refusal
intact bedrock
BH14 CFA 421195.3975 489627.2114 tbc 15 Refusal of auger + 3x Yes 19mm piezometer installation
SPT refusal
SPT refusal
SPT refusal
SPT refusal
BH18 CFA+RC 423704.3026 490073.4435 tbc 20 5m below top of No 19mm piezometer installation
intact bedrock
SPT refusal
SPT refusal
SPT refusal
BH22 CFA+RC 419051.6293 491037.7702 tbc 20 5m below top of Yes 19mm piezometer installation
intact bedrock
SPT refusal
SPT refusal
intact bedrock
SPT refusal
intact bedrock
SPT refusal
BH29 CFA 413333.2762 493533.3852 tbc 15 Refusal of auger + 3x Yes 50mm standpipe installation
SPT refusal
SPT refusal
CPT101 CPT 413251.109 492774.642 tbc 10 Refusal No Targeting boggy ground
CPT104 CPT 414097.9115 493247.9088 tbc 10 Refusal Yes
CPT105 CPT 413866.4984 493635.3883 tbc 10 Refusal No

CPT134 CFA+RC 422528.6885 490258.6221 tbc 10 Refusal No 50mm standpipe installation

Philippa Ross
WS Atkins International Ltd.
Woodcote Grove
Ashley Road
Epsom
Surrey
United Kingdom
KT18 5BW
Philippa.Ross@atkinsglobal.com
© Atkins Ltd except where stated otherwise.
The Atkins logo, ‘Carbon Critical Design’ and the strapline

‘Plan Design Enable’ are trademarks of Atkins Ltd.

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Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

Ministry of Irrigation, Water Resources Management & Disaster Management

Kelani Flood Mitigation

Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources Management

This document has 4029 pages including the cover.

Project Kelani Flood Mitigation Strategy, Sri Lanka

Document title Preliminary Ground Investigation Scope of Works - Tranche 1

Job no. 514623

Atkins Preliminary GI Scope of Works | Version 1.0 | 23 July 2018 | 5142623 3

1.2. Main Works Proposed

1.3. Ground Investigation Objectives

The aim of the preliminary ground investigation for Tranche 1 is to:

 Establish the groundwater and ground gas regime at the Site;

 Obtain relevant geo-environmental data;

 Obtain representative samples for laboratory testing and;

Atkins Preliminary GI Scope of Works | Version 1.0 | 23 July 2018 | 5142623 4

Atkins Preliminary GI Scope of Works | Version 1.0 | 23 July 2018 | 5142623 5

2.2. Method Statement

Methods for conducting the fieldwork and laboratory work;

 The management of health and safety;

 BS EN 1997-2 – Eurocode 7 -Geotechnical Design Part 2 – Ground Investigation and Testing

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 BS EN ISO 22476-3:2005 - Geotechnical investigation and testing. Field testing. Standard

Atkins Preliminary GI Scope of Works | Version 1.0 | 23 July 2018 | 5142623 7

3.2. Photographic Requirements

a) A graduated scale in centimetres is provided.

 PANTOME PROCESS YELLOW

A. A graduated scale in centimetres is provided.

3.3. Rotary Drillholes

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Soils shall be logged and recorded in accordance with BS 5930:2015.

3.3.2.2. Termination Criteria

3.3.3.2. Termination Criteria

Soil and Rock Logging

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3.4. Standard Penetration Testing (SPT)

3.5. Sampling in Exploratory Holes

Rotary Auger holes – Cohesive Superficial Deposits

Rotary Auger holes – Granular Superficial Deposits

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Rotary Auger holes – Residual Soil and Bedrock

3.6. Cone Penetration Testing

 Total force acting on cone (Qc)

3.7. Installations and Monitoring

Casagrande Piezometer Installations

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3.8. Laboratory Testing

Atkins Preliminary GI Scope of Works | Version 1.0 | 23 July 2018 | 5142623 13

Moisture content BS1377-2 One test every 2m 8 240

PSD by wet sieving BS1377-2 One test every five metres 3 90

Sedimentation by hydrometer1 BS1377-2 One test every five metres (with 3 90

Particle density by gas jar BS1377-2 One test at each oedometer, 3 90

Incremental loading one-dimensional BS1377-5 Three tests per borehole, 3 90

Shear box testing

Determination of shear strength by BS 1377-7 One test per borehole (either 1 30

Monotonic triaxial testing

Unconsolidated-undrained triaxial BS 1377-7 Two tests per borehole, 2 60

Dispersibility by pinhole method BS 1377-5 Two tests per hole (either 2 60

Determination of organic matter BS 1377-3 2 tests per hole, targeting 2 60

Determination of mass loss on BS 1377-3 2 tests per hole, targeting 2 60

Determination of acid soluble BS 1377-3 2 tests per hole, ensuring a 2 60

Water soluble chloride content BS 1377-3 2 60

Determination of total dissolved BS 1377-3 2 60