PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF:

- in botany, any usually flattened green

outgrowth from the stem of a vascular plant.
As the primary sites of photosynthesis, leaves
manufacture food for plants, which in turn
ultimately nourish and sustain all land animals.
Botanically, leaves are an integral part of the
stem system, and they are initiated in the apical
bud (growing tip of a stem) along with the
tissues of the stem itself.

Stem Leaf
EXTERNAL PARTS OF THE LEAVES

 Leaf Blade- wide flattened area of leaf for concentrating sunlight on

photosynthetic cells.
 Petiole- short stem that attaches leaf to main stem or branch.
 Veins- contains vascular tissue and transport food, water, and minerals.
 Midrib- large center vein from which all other leaf veins extend.

INTERNAL PARTS OF THE LEAVES

 Cuticle- prevents water loss from the leaf.

 Upper epidermis- transparent, allows the light to travel to cells within the leaf.
 Spongy Mesophyll- cells spherical and loosely packed, air spaces between cells
allow for gas exchange.
 Stomata- regulates water loss(transpiration); site of gaseous exchange in the leaf.
 Lower Epidermis- act as protective layer.
 Palisade Mesophyll- cells tightly packed together; main region of photosynthesis;
cells packed with chloroplasts.
  Vein (Vascular Bundle) – contains the xylem (transport minerals and water to the
leaf) and phloem (translocation).

-It is the stalk of a plant or the main trunk of a tree. The stem conducts water,
minerals, and food to other parts of the plant; it may also store food, and green stems
themselves produce food. In most plants the stem is the major vertical shoot, in some it is
inconspicuous, and in others it is modified and resembles other plant parts.

 Lenticel- it function as a pore,

providing a medium for direct
exchange of gases between the
internal tissues and atmosphere.
 Terminal Bud- is the main area of
growth in most plants.
 Leaf Scar- is the mark left on a
stem after a leaf falls.
 Axillary Bud- is a sprout that
develops in the axil of a plant,
which is the angle formed by the
upper side of the stem and an
outgrowing leaf or branch.
 Bud Scale Scar- Scars develop
wherever a leaf or fruit falls from
the stem.

EXTERNAL PARTS OF THE STEM

 Xylem- tissue that transport
water and nutrients up from
roots to stems and leaves.
 Phloem- tissue that transports
food down from the leaves to
the roots.
 Cambium- thin green actively
growing tissue located between
the bark and wood and produces
all new stem cells.
 Pith- large central area for
INTERNAL PARTS OF THE STEM
storage & support.
 Cortex- storage area between
cambium and epidermis.

 Primary Root- originates at

germination stage from the
radicle of the seed.
 Root Cap- envelope and
protects the young roots.
 Epidermis- Outer layer of cells ("skin").
 Root Hairs- ensure efficient

ROOTS
-the part of a plant Protection.
absorption of nutrients.
that attaches it to the  Cortex- Region between epidermis &
 Lateral Root- extend
ground or to a support, vascular cylinder. Supports plant parts &
horizontally from the
SS typically
INTERNAL
conveying
underground,
PARTS OF THE ROOTS
water
primary root(radicle) and stores food.
and
serve to anchor the plant
nourishment to the rest of
 Endodermis- Layer of cells just outside
securely, into the soil. vascular cylinder.
the plant via numerous  Pericycle: Cylindrical layer of cells inside
endodermis. Origin of cork & secondary
(side) roots.
 Vascular Cylinder- Arrangement of
vascular tissues as a central cylinder in
roots. This is shown as the large circular
area in the middle of both diagrams.
 Xylem- Living (outer) vascular system
carrying water & minerals throughout
plant.
EXTERNAL PARTS OF THE ROOTS
SUBMITTED BY:
 Phloem- Living (inner) vascular system
carrying dissolved sugars and organic
Cristle Joy I. Manibo compounds throughout plant.
SUBMITTED TO:
Ms. Mary Grace Bacay