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Science
Unit: 03
Lesson: 03
Suggested Duration: 8 days
Science Grade 02 Unit 03 Exemplar Lesson 03: Investigating the Effects of Energy
This lesson is one approach to teaching the State Standards associated with this unit. Districts are encouraged to customize this lesson by
supplementing with district-approved resources, materials, and activities to best meet the needs of learners. The duration for this lesson is only
a recommendation, and districts may modify the time frame to meet students’ needs. To better understand how your district may be
implementing CSCOPE lessons, please contact your child’s teacher. (For your convenience, please find linked the TEA Commissioner’s List of
State Board of Education Approved Instructional Resources and Midcycle State Adopted Instructional Materials.)
Lesson Synopsis
Students will investigate the effects on an object by increasing or decreasing amounts of light, heat, and sound energy.
TEKS
The Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) listed below are the standards adopted by the State Board of Education, which are required
by Texas law. Any standard that has a strike-through (e.g. sample phrase) indicates that portion of the standard is taught in a previous or
subsequent unit. The TEKS are available on the Texas Education Agency website at http://www.tea.state.tx.us/index2.aspx?id=6148.
2.6 Force, motion, and energy. The student knows that forces cause change and energy exists in many forms. The
student is expected to:
2.6A Investigate the effects on an object by increasing or decreasing amounts of light, heat, and sound energy
such as how the color of an object appears different in dimmer light or how heat melts butter.
2.2 Scientific investigation and reasoning. The student develops abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry in
classroom and outdoor investigations. The student is expected to:
2.2C Collect data from observations using simple equipment such as hand lenses, primary balances, thermometers, and non-standard
measurement tools.
Performance Indicators
Key Understandings
Vocabulary of Instruction
Materials
Attachments
All attachments associated with this lesson are referenced in the body of the lesson. Due to considerations for grading or student
assessment, attachments that are connected with Performance Indicators or serve as answer keys are available in the district site and are
not accessible on the public website.
Resources
None Identified
Advance Preparation
1. Prior to Day 2, gather a heat lamp or goose neck lamp (with a 65–100 watt, clear, incandescent light bulb), muffin tray, and materials to
go in the compartments: chocolate chips, piece of butter, and ice cube. (1 set for the teacher demonstration needed)
2. Prior to Day 3, set the muffin tray with the butter, chocolate, and water in the fridge.
3. Gather drawing paper and large sheets of construction paper (1 sheet each per group).
4. Gather flashlights, 4”x4” pieces of solid colored cloth (enough to cover the front of the flashlight), rubber bands to hold the cloth on the
flashlight, wax paper, and a selection of 2–3 objects of varying colors (1 set of materials per group).
5. Gather a plastic cup (9–12 oz.) with a small hole in the bottom, 3 ft. of string (such as cotton kite string), one washer, and an
unsharpened pencil (for winding string and as a ”handle”) for each pair of students.
6. Construct the cups for student use: Tie one end of the string onto the washer. Push the other end of the string through the hole in the
plastic cup. The washer will be on the inside of the cup and anchor the string. Tie the other end of the string around the pencil, and wind
the string up. A picture of the setup is in the teacher note section of the lesson.
7. Prior to Day 7, cut a 2”x2” dishclothtype material for each pair of students. Dampen just before (Day 7) activity.
8. Prior to Day 7, select books about sound.
9. Gather paper for the Performance Indicator tri-fold activity. Each student needs one sheet.
10. Prepare attachment(s) as necessary.
Background Information
Prior to this lesson, students have identified and discussed how different forms of energy, such as light, heat, and sound, are important to everyday life. During the
lesson on energy, students will investigate the effects on an object by increasing or decreasing amounts of light, heat, and sound energy.
1. Students will use their sense of touch to explore the temperature of objects in
the classroom. Materials:
3. Ask:
In what way would you order these objects if you were ranking them Instructional Notes:
from coolest to warmest? This question will not be answered orally, but Objects in the room are actually at room temperature (probably
rather students should be given time to record their observations in their 72° F or whatever your room temperature is set at). An object
science notebooks. Encourage students to use pictures and words. feels cooler or warmer depending on the object’s ability to
conduct or insulate heat.
4. Ask:
Science Notebooks:
What is heat? Allow students time to compare their thinking with the others
in their group. The vocabulary template should be recorded in the science
notebook either in a glossary or on the pages as the content
being learned.
5. Engage in a class discussion; record students’ thinking.
6. Begin a vocabulary template with students for the word “heat” using a
vocabulary model with which your students are familiar. Students should be able
to list characteristics of heat and give examples, but they may need more time to
come up with a formal definition.
EXPLORE – Changes From Increasing and Decreasing Heat Suggested Day 2
Have you ever seen a light like this? Some responses may include in the
garage (working on cars), at restaurants/fast food establishments (used to Attachments:
keep food warm), at a zoo (in an incubator), greenhouses (to provide heat
Handout: Changes from Increasing and
and light).
Decreasing Heat (1 per student)
5. Review briefly what was demonstrated in the last unit when objects were left in
the sun.
How is this lamp similar to and different from the sun? Allow time for
students to respond; this could be a time to review the concept of compare-
contrast.
7. Teacher demonstration:
Show students a muffin tin with three different foods in the compartments. You
are using ice, a chocolate chip and butter piece. (Students have already
observed the results when ice and a chocolate chip were left in the sun in a
previous lesson.)
8. Ask students to predict, using pictures and words, what is going to happen when
you place the tray under the lit lamp. Predictions should be recorded in the
science notebook.
9. While students are recording predictions in science notebook, set the tray under
the lamp for about 10 minutes. (*By the time students have completed the
illustration and explanation in their science notebook, the items should have
melted.)
10. Students should add a second drawing of what the melted materials look like.
11. While students are completing their drawings of the melted materials,
Ask:
The heat source should be 6”–8” from the muffin tray.
How can increasing or decreasing heat energy affect objects?
How might we cool these objects down? (If no one suggests the fridge,
Instructional Notes:
lead them to this understanding.)
In this portion of the lesson the term “cool down” has been
What do you predict will happen when we cool these objects down?
used. Explain to students that the common term is “cool down”
Again, have students record their predictions in their science notebook.
whereas the scientific explanation is “remove heat.”
1. Remove the tray from the fridge, and place it where students are able to observe
the materials.
Materials:
How can we change the water into a solid again? Allow students to
share their thinking. (If no one suggests it, mention a freezer.) Science Notebooks:
Students should have the opportunity to record their reflections
5. Say:
about increasing and decreasing the amount of heat applied to
When we decrease the amount of heat energy on an object, it cools an object and the changes that might occur.
down.
6. Lead a class discussion about the effect on objects when heat is decreased.
Ideas for the discussion include, but are not limited to: materials cool down,
gaseous state changes to liquid, liquid state changes to solid state.
7. Remember to put the tray in the freezer overnight. At some point during the next
science lesson allow a few moments for students to observe that the water has
changed into a solid because the heat applied to the water was decreased even
further.
ENGAGE – Sources of Light Suggested Day 4
1. Facilitate a discussion:
Materials:
In the last few lessons, we have been exploring the effect of
2. Allow 1–2 minutes for students to share with each other, and then choose a few
to share their thinking with the class. Students may guess, but some students will
know that the Sun and a lamp both provide light- acknowledge this as a correct
response.
3. Say:
1. Put the posters up where students can easily see them. Conduct a “Gallery
Walk”. Materials:
2. Facilitate a discussion with students about the different sources of light (energy)
posters – from previous activity (student created,
that were represented on the posters
1 per group)
3. Say: flashlights (1 per group)
cloth (colored, cut into 4” x 4” pieces, to cover
We now know there are different sources of light. Now we will flashlight, see Advance Preparation, 1 piece per
explore what happens to an object when the amount of light shining group)
on it is increased or decreased. rubber bands (to hold items on flashlight, see
Advance Preparation, 1 per group)
4. Provide each group of students with a selection of 2–3 objects. Each group does wax paper (1 piece per group)
not need to have the same items. The objects should be a variety of colors. Also objects (variety, see Advance Preparation, 2–3
provide each group with one flashlight, a 4”x4” piece of cloth in a solid color, a per group)
rubber band, and a piece of wax paper. Safety Note: Remind students of safety glue (sticks or white liquid, per group)
rules and behavioral expectations.
5. Allow students time to explore how different amounts of light may change how Attachments:
the color of an object appears to us. Some possible scenarios or stations might
be: Handout: Light may Change How Color
Appears (1 per student)
Classroom lights on, flashlight off. Teacher Resource: Light may Change How
Classroom lights on, flashlight on Color Appears KEY
Classroom lights off, flashlight on
Classroom lights off, flashlight off
Colored cloth covering the screen of the flashlight Check For Understanding
Wax paper over the screen of the flashlight
6. Provide time for students to complete the Handout: Light may Change How Instructional Notes:
If you see any pictures that represent a misconception such as
Color Appears. Remind them to use pictures and words.
a picture of the Moon as an object that provides light, make sure
7. Give each group the opportunity to share the explanation of their observations. you have conversation with the students about this.
At this stage in a child’s cognitive ability, the scientific
explanation detailing why an object’s color appears different in
dimmer light is more complex than they will understand. We
simply want students to take away the understanding that a
change in the amount of light energy produces a visible
change. The students’ explanation will likely be enough
information; Assist students with coming up with an explanation
they can record in their science notebook.
Science Notebooks:
Record observations from exploration. Students should glue the
Handout: Light may Change How Color Appears into science
notebook.
Instructional Notes:
This lesson is to encourage students to listen carefully to the
sounds they hear. Many children will not be as familiar with
"outdoor” sounds, so they will need to concentrate on hearing
the differences.
Science Notebooks:
Complete Handout: A Listening Walk.
1. Students will explore increasing and decreasing sound (high, low, loud, soft)
through the plucking of a string. Materials:
5. Distribute the sound cups and the Handout: Sound Cups to student pairs.
(Each student should get a handout to complete.)
6. Allow time (about 10 minutes) for student pairs to explore the apparatus and the
sounds it could make. T-chart:
7. Facilitate the students’ exploration by asking questions about plucking harder,
softer, higher up on the string, and lower down on the string. These might be
asked as “What would happen if…?” questions.
8. Have students place the apparatus on their desks (in order to have a
discussion). Allow each pair of students the time to share one way they made a
Science Notebooks:
sound with their sound cup apparatus.
Continue completing the Handout: Sound Cups.
9. Say:
In the next part of the exploration, you will take turns gentlyholding
the cup against the floor or the top of your desk with one hand while
your partner plucks the string. (See Handout: Sound Cups for
theillustration on how to do this.)
Change the length of the string by winding more of it around the
pencil.
Pluck the string to hear the differences in pitch. (high or low sounds)
Let some string out and pluck the string again to hear the differences
in pitch. (high or low sounds)
Change roles so that each of you has the chance to pluck the string
and listen to the sounds produced.
10. Have students record their observations on their data recording sheet (Handout:
Sound Cups) using words and illustrations with labels, and then glue the sheet
in their science notebook.
11. Have students talk within their groups about how they were able to make the
sounds louder, softer, higher, or lower.
12. Prepare a Tchart to record each group‟s thinking.
13. Discuss, as a whole group, how sound energy can be added to make higher,
lower, louder, or softer sounds.
ELABORATE – Sound Cups Suggested Day 7
1. Use the cup and string from the previous activity. (Set up is shown in the
Instructional Notes.) Materials:
5. Distribute one cup and one piece of string to each pair of students. In addition,
distribute a small square (about 2”X2”) of damp dishclothtype material. Attachments:
10. Ask:
How can increasing or decreasing sound energy affect objects? This activity can be loud. You may want to do this outside. In
addition, you may want to establish a signal of some sort when
you want the students to put materials down.
Science Notebooks:
Record reflections about sound.
Heat Increased
(Tray set under lamp)
Heat Decreased
(Tray put in the refrigerator)
Reflections:
A Listening Walk
I heard a________________sound. I heard a ________________sound.
It might be a It might be a
Other observations
Sound Cups
No light
1. Before heat is added When we plucked the string and the string
2. After heat is increased - melted was loose, the sound was lower than when
3. After heat is decreased - solid the string was pulled tight.
Performance Indicator:
Use a tri-fold to record the effects of increasing or decreasing amounts of light, heat, and sound energy on an
object. Include pictures and words in the descriptions.
(2.2C; 2.6A)
1A, 1C; 5B
1. Say and write the expectations of the Performance Indicator. Place in a location visible to students.
Create a tri-fold.
Make sure there is information on the tri-fold describing the effects on an object of increasing or decreasing
amounts of light, heat, and sound energy
Include observations from the experiments you have done in this lesson.
2. Distribute a piece of paper to each student. (Either have these pre-folded for students, or demonstrate how to fold
them.)