STANDARD DATA

Standard data are elemental time standards taken from time studies of
elements or group of elements that are alike. These are classified and filed so
that they can be readily used when necessary. Housewives normally count
predetermined number(s) of whistles from a pressure cooker boiling potato or
rice. This counting help housewives to avoid opening the cooker a number of
times to check the readiness of the cooking item within the cooker.
Standard data refers to all the tabulated elemental standards that are being
compiled to allow the measurement of specific job without the necessity of a
timing device such as the stopwatch.
According to Marvin Mundel:
Rather than determine the standard time for each job on the basis of
an individual study, standard times from a number of related jobs
may be organized into a data base from which the standard times for
related jobs may be constructed or synthesized.

Standard data have many advantages. Few of them are listed below:
(a) They help in reducing the number of time studies required.
(b) They help in shortening the time needed to set the standard.
(c) They support in bringing greater accuracy and consistency in time standards
for a given class of work.
(d) Standard data may be applied more quickly on a new work than by
stopwatch study.
(e) They allow the establishment of standards on indirect labour operations.
MAJOR CONSIDERATONS
Restrict the number of jobs for which standard data are derived - normally to
one or more departments in a plant, or to all the processes involved in
manufacturing a certain product. In this way the coverage becomes less
complex and more manageable.
The reliability of the data can be increased if as many common elements as
possible that are performed in the same way are grouped together for analysis,
and if a sufficient amount of accumulated or collected data on each element
has been analysed by a trained study man.
Source of the time data: This may be "macroscopic" timing system (stop-
watch) or "microscopic" systems (predetermined I time standards).
The first alternative is cheaper and may be more acceptable to the factor 1
personnel in certain cases. However, for certain elements it is not always
possible to I have on record enough readings to enable reliable data to be
derived.
User's needs: Standard data have to be built up with due regard to user's
needs. They are indeed invaluable for a variety of purposes. such as production
planning, cost estimation, incentive payments and budgetary control.

Applications of Standard Data:

-Standard data helps in determining in advance that how long it will take to
perform an operation in the shop.

-It helps in comparing two methods and determining best method.

-Evaluating proposed methods in advance of actual production.

-Helps in estimating the time required and labour cost.

-For checking standards established by time study.

Word Definitions:
Object: Any object’s handled; such as parts, hand-tools, sub-assemblies or
conflated articles. Also, any jig. fixture or another holding device.
Handful: The optimum number of objects which can be conveniently picked
up, moved and placed as required.
Bench: The term "bench" includes any table, tote pan or other storage area,
convenient to the tool of workplace.
Stillage: A storage box or container on legs, for moving by a hand-lifting or
fork-lift truck. The term "stillage" includes a pallet. the floor or any other
storage device at floor level.
Tool: A general term to cover any fixture, jig, electrode, press or other tool
used to hold or operate on an object or objects.
One tool can be positioned in another - for example. a parts-holding fixture
under a drill or a welding electrode.
Tables
The standard data table was created for certain actions like grab, pick, move,
align, turns, place, tie, eye movement.

Sr.No Distance in inches TMU

1 ½ 11.68
2 1 20.39
3 2 32.80
4 3 43.37
5 4 54.40
6 5 65.24
7 6 74.78
8 7 86.27
9 8 97.95
10 9 107.59
11 10 117.32
Grab(G_)-Reach and position over the object to pick it up.

Pick(P_)-Picking up the object.

Sr. No Weight in kg TMU
1 <=0.100 (A) 2.78
2 <=0.500 (B) 5.47
3 <=1 (C) 6.58
4 <=2 (D) 8.34
5 <=5 (E) 18.72

Move(M_)- Moving an object from one place to another.

Sr. No Distance in inches TMU
1 ½ 4.91
2 1 8.99
3 2 13.07
4 3 17.05
5 4 20.48
6 5 24.37
7 6 27.61
 8 7 30.95
9 8 34.56
10 9 38.92
11 10 43.37

Align (Hand Motion) (A_)- Aligning an object through various angles.

Sr. No Angle in degrees TMU
1 15 4.17
2 30 10.84
3 45 14.73
4 60 20.66
5 75 26.32
6 90 34.66
7 180 47.07

Turns (Finger Motion) (T_)- Used generally for threaded objects.

Sr. No Degrees TMU
1 15 6.58
2 30 9.36
3 45 13.90
4 60 19.00
5 75 25.21
6 90 27.52
7 120 31.14
8 150 36.33
9 180 40.77

Place (P_ _ _)- Positioning object with varying pressures.

Sr. No Precision TMU
1 No(N) 4.63
2 Low(L) Low Pressure 6.39
(LP)
Medium 7.04
Pressure (MP)
High Pressure 9.27
(HP)
 3 Medium(M) Low Pressure 6.67
Medium 7.60
Pressure
High Pressure 10.29
4 High(H) Low Pressure 13.16
Medium 15.66
Pressure
High Pressure 18.44

Tie (T_ _)- Tying knots of ropes, laces, etc.

Sr. No Knot TMU
1 Plain Knot (PK) 60.79
2 Single Knot (SK) 72.93
3 Double knot (DK) 88.22

Eye movement (E_)- Movement of eye to various directions.

Sr. No Direction TMU
1 Left(L) 6.12
2 Right(R) 6.12
3 Top(T) 8.06
4 Bottom(B) 8.06
5 Half-circular (HC) 15.01
6 Circular(C) 26.60
7 Diagonal(D) 9.17
Ball Pen Assembly

L.H Symbol TMU Symbol R.H

Grab the body G5 65.24 G5 Grab refill
Pick the body PA 2.78 PA Pick the refill
Move to assembly M5 24.37 M5 Move to assembly
point point
Hold the body - 6.67 PMLP Place refill inside the
body
Hold the body - 97.95 G8 Grab lower cover
Hold the body - 2.78 PA Pick the lower cover
Hold the body - 30.95 M8 Move to assembly
point
Align body 90 A90 34.66 PLLP Place the lower
degrees from cover on the body
horizontal to vertical
position
Hold the body - 203.85 T180*5 Turn 5 time 180
degrees
Hold the body - 43.37 G3 Grab upper cover
Hold the body - 2.78 PA Pick the upper cover
Hold the body - 17.05 M3 Move to assembly
point
Hold the body - 6.39 PLLP Place upper cover
on body
Hold the body - 244.62 T180*6 Turn 6 times 180
degrees
Place body to right PN 32.8 G2 Grab the body
hand
Grab cap G8 97.95 - Hold the body
Pick the cap PA 2.78 - Hold the body
Move the cap to M8 34.66 A90 Align body 90
body degrees from
vertical to horizontal
position
Place the cap on the PMLP 6.67 - Hold the body
body with low
pressure
Place assembly on PN 4.63 PN Place assembly on
 table table
Total TMU=962.95
Time in seconds=34.67 sec
By standard data table, the ballpoint pen assembly time came out to be 34.67
sec.

END.