Name: Juven Ean O.

Fajardo Carbohydrates
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Oligosaccharide

Maltose (Chemical Formula C12H22O11)

• Enzyme maltase and isomaltase

present in the small intestine break
down maltose into two glucose
units which are then absorbed. Our
body has the capacity to absorb
maltose directly which later on can
be broken down into glucose unit for producing energy and Maltose is a reducing
sugar.
• It tastes sweet but is only 30-60% as sweet as sugar.
• Maltose which is also known as malt is a disaccharide made up of two alpha D
glucose unit.

1. Lactose
• Lactose is a disaccharide that contains units of galactose and glucose.
• Lactose is a sugar present in the milk.
• Carbohydrates belong to optically active compounds with hydroxyl and
carbonyl functional groups and bearing the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
These are also called saccharides and classified based on the product of
hydrolysis.

2. Sucrose
• Sucrose is a molecule composed of two monosaccharide’s, namely
glucose and fructose. This non-reducing disaccharide has a chemical
formula of C12H22O11.
Name: Juven Ean O. Fajardo Carbohydrates
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3. Raffinose- passes through the small intestines into the large intestines where
bacteria break it down, producing hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane gas,
which exits through the rectum. ( C18H32O16 )

4. Stachyose - ( C24H42O21 ) It has a role as a plant metabolite and a mouse

metabolite. It is a raffinose family oligosaccharide and a tetrasaccharide. It
derives from a sucrose and a raffinose.
Name: Juven Ean O. Fajardo Carbohydrates
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Polysaccharide

5. Starch
The basic chemical formula
of starch (C6H10O5)n is similar
to glucose, C6H12O6, where 'n'
is the number of glucose
molecules present. There are
two forms of starch: amylose,
the branchless form, and
amylopectin, the branched form.
The main function of starch is
as way to store energy for
plants.

6. Dextrin (C18H32O16)
• a crispness enhancer for food processing, in food batters, coatings, and
glazes, (INS number 1400) a textile finishing and coating agent to
increase weight and stiffness of textile fabrics.
• migrates to the core surfaces which dry in air giving a hard skin, and this
is known to minimize sagging
Name: Juven Ean O. Fajardo Carbohydrates
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7. Glycogen - is a multibranched
polysaccharide of glucose that
serves as a form of energy storage
in animals, fungi, and bacteria. The
polysaccharide structure represents
the main storage form of glucose in
the body. ( C24H42O21 )

8. Cellulose - chemical formula is C6H10O5 and its molar mass is 162.14 g mol-1. is
one of the most extended natural polymers.

9. Inulin ( C228H382O191)It supports the growth of a special kind of bacteria that

are associated with improving bowel function and general health. Inulin
decreases the body's ability to make certain kinds of fats.
Name: Juven Ean O. Fajardo Carbohydrates
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10. Hyaluronic C33H54N2O23

- is a glycosaminoglycan that is found
throughout the body in various tissues and
fluids and binds to specific cell surface
receptors. Like collagen, hyaluronic acid is
typically chemically modified to alter its
physical properties.

11. Heparin - is a naturally occurring anticoagulant that prevents the formation and
extension of blood clots. C26H42N2O37S5
Name: Juven Ean O. Fajardo Carbohydrates
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12. Chondroitin C14H21NO11

is found naturally in your body. It's a vital
part of cartilage, giving it elasticity by
helping it retain water. Laboratory studies
have found that chondroitin can reduce
the activity of enzymes and substances
that break down collagen in joints.

18 .Dermatan Sulfate - its key role as a constituent of tissues and organs, dermatan
sulfate is thought to be involved in wound repair, regulation of blood coagulation and the
response to infection C14H21NO15S-2

19 . Keratan Sulfate C28H48N2O32S4 proteoglycans (KSPGs) play a pivotal role in the

development and maintenance of corneal transparency.
Name: Juven Ean O. Fajardo Carbohydrates
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