Tarea de Unidad 2 de Ingles 5

Instituto Tecnológico Superior de los
Ríos
“2020, Año del Leona Vicario. Benemérita Madre de la Patria”
INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO SUPERIOR DE

LOS RIOS
Asignatura:
Ingles nivel 5
Unidad:
2
Nombre de la alumna:
Nicolasa Mayo Diaz
Catedrático:
Silvia Espinoza
Carrera:
Ingeniería civil
Semestre:
´´5´´
Fecha y lugar:
06 de enero del año 2021
Balancán tabasco
Km. 3 Carretera Balancán – Villahermosa,

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e-mail dir_drios@tecnm.mx
www.tecnm.mx | www.itsr.edu.mx
UNIT 2
WHAT AN EXPERIENCE!
GRAMMAR LESSON 1- QUANTIFIERS
We use quantifiers when we want to give someone information about the number of
something: how much or how many.
QUANTIFIERS WITH COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS.
We can use these quantifiers with both countable and uncountable nouns:
1- SOME- we use it with plural countable and uncountable nouns in affirmative
sentences and offers.
I ate some ceral for breakfast. (uncountable noun)
We bought some apples at the market. (plural countable noun)
Would you like some coffee? (unocuntable noun)
Would they like some sandwiches? (plural countable)
2- ANY- we use any with plural countable and uncountable nouns in questions and
negative sentences.
Do you have any change? I need to make a phone call. (uncountable noun)
Did you find any old photos in the box? (plural countable noun)
There isn`t any water in the fridge. (uncountable noun)
There aren`t any students in the classroom. (plural countable noun)
3- NO- we use it with plural countable and uncountable nouns in affirmative

sentences to give a negative meaning.
There`s no water in the fridge. (uncountable noun)
There are no students in the classroom. (plural countable noun)
4- A LOT OF / LOTS OF- we use them with plural countable and uncountable nouns,
usually in affirmative sentences.
There`s a lot of food in the fridge. (uncountable noun)
There are lots of flowers in the garden. (plural countable noun)
QUANTIFIERS WITH PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUNS
1- MANY- MUCHOS we use it with plural countable nouns, usually in questions and
negative sentences to talk about big quantities.
There aren`t many guests at the party.
Are there many dogs in the park?

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2- A FEW- UNOS CUANTOS we use it with plural countable nouns in affirmative
sentences to talk about small quantities.
There are a few oranges on the table.
3- FEW- POCOS we use it with plural countable nouns when the quantity is not
enough.
There were very few people at the party.
QUANTIFIERS WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS.

1- MUCH- MUCHO/MUCHA we use it with uncountable nouns in questions and
negative sentences to talk about a big quantity.
I don`t have much money.
Is there much cheese on the pizza?
2- A LITTLE- UN POCO we use it with uncountable nouns in affirmative sentences to

talk about a small quantity.
I put a little sugar in my coffee.
3- LITTLE- PEQUEÑO/PEQUEÑA we use it with uncountable nouns when the

quantity is not enogh.
I can`t buy a new dress, I have too little money.
EXERCISE 1
Choose the quantifier that correctly completes each sentence.
1- I'm sorry, but there's __ milk. Is black coffee OK?
a) any
b) no
2- I'm sorry, but there isn't ___ milk. Is black coffee OK?
a) any
b) no
3- I can`t eat ___ things, for example cheese makes me sick.
much
many
4- If you want to lose weight, maybe you should eat ___ meat.
a) few
b) little
5- If you want to help me make dinner, you can peel ___ potatoes.
a) any

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b) some
6- We don't have ___ potatoes. Can you do another five or six?

a) many
b) much
7- When we were children, we used to drink ___ milk.
a) lots of
b) few
8- I don't generally like fruit but I eat ___ tomatoes.
a) a lot of
b) no
EXERCISE 2
Complete the sentences with SOME or ANY
1. Sorry, I can't go out tonight. I've got__some_work to do.
2. Sorry, I can't go out tonight. I haven't got__any_money.
3. I'm going to take__some__extra English lessons before my trip to New Zealand.
4. The dog's looking hungry. Will you give him___some___food?
5. Dinner was lovely, thanks. Would you like__some__coffee?
6. I didn't get__any__emails today. Maybe something's wrong with our internet
connection.
7. I've got a problem with this exercise. Could you give me__some__help?
8. I'm not sure if we can make a cake. Do we have__any__eggs?
GRAMMAR LESSON 2- PAST PROGRESSIVE

LESSON 1- PAST PROGRESSIVE.
-We use the Past Progressive:
1- With an action in the past which overlaps another action or a time. The action
in the past progressive starts before and often continues after the other shorter
action or time.
• I was walking to the station when I met John. (I started walking before I met John, and
maybe I continued afterwards.)
• At three o'clock, I was working. (I started before three o'clock and finished after three
o'clock.)
2- In the same way, we can use the past progressive for the background of a story.
(We often use the past simple for the actions.) This is really a specific example of
Use 1.
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• The birds were singing, the sun was shining and in the cafés people were laughing and
chatting. Amy sat down and took out her phone.
3- Temporary habits or habits that happen more often than we expect in the past.
We often use 'always', 'constantly' or 'forever' here. This is the same as the way
we use the present progressive for habits, but the habit started and finished in the
past. This thing doesn't happen now.
• He was always leaving the tap running.

• She was constantly singing.
4- To emphasise that something lasted for a while. This use is often optional and
we usually use it with time expressions like 'all day' or 'all evening' or 'for hours'.
• I was working in the garden all day.

• He was reading all evening.
Remember you can't use this tense or any continuous tense with stative verbs.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative
• I was sleeping
• you were working
• he was coming
• she was reading 'War and Peace'
• it was raining
• we were shopping
• they were watching a film
Negative
FULL SHORT
• I was not sleeping I wasn't sleeping

• you were not working You weren't working
• he was not coming He wasn't coming
• she was not reading She wasn't reading 'War and Peace'
• it was not raining It wasn't raining
• we were not shopping We weren't shopping
• they were not watching a film They weren't watching a film
EXERCISE I
Make the positive or negative PAST PROGRESSIVE:
1) Julie ____was sleeping____(sleep) at three o'clock.
2) You ____were studying___(study) at three o'clock.

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3) Luke _______was reading _____(read) at three o'clock.
4) I _____was working _____(work) at three o'clock.
5) They ____were eating ____(eat) chocolate at three o'clock.
6) John _____was playing _____(play) tennis at three o'clock.
7) We ______were watching_____(watch) TV at three o'clock.
8) He ______was using__________(use) the internet at three o'clock.
9) You ______were cooking___(cook) lunch at three o'clock.
10) We ______were traveling_____(travel) to London at three o'clock.
11) Mrs Brown ______wasn´t walking____(not/walk) in the garden when the murder
happened.
12) Mr Black ______wasn´t working ___(not/work) in his study when the murder
happened.
13) Miss Jones _____wasn´t talking_____(not/talk) to Mr. White when the murder
happened.
14) You _____weren´t playing_____(not/play) cards when the murder happened.
QUESTION FORMS
to make a 'yes / no' question, we put 'was / were' in front of the subject:
• Was I listening?
• Were you working?
• Was she working?
• Was he living in Paris at the time?
• Was it snowing when you arrived?
• Were we eating?
• Were they studying?
To make an information' question, put the question word at the beginning:
• Why was I working?

• Where were you living?
• How was she travelling?
• Where was he going?
• Why was it snowing in the summer?
• What were we eating?
• Why were they studying?

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EXERCISE II
Make past Progressive 'Information' or 'yes / no' questions. Answer the questions
1) When you arrived at the party ___was Alan dancing__(Alan/dance)? Yes, he was
2) When you arrived at the party ___was Susie drinking gin___(Susie/drink gin) ? yes,
she was
3) When you arrived at the party ___were John and Ann singing____(John and
Ann/sing)? No, they were
4) When you arrived at the party___was Luke talking to the girls__(Luke/talk to the girls)?
Yes, he was
5) When you arrived at the party ___was Jodie putting on makeup____(Jodie/put on
make up)? No, she was
6) When you arrived at the party ___were we cooking___(we/cook)? No, we weren´t
7) When you arrived at the party ____was Jane playing the guitar____(Jane/play the
guitar)? Yes, she was
8) When you arrived at the party ___was David reading a book___(David/read a book)?
No, he wasn´t
9) When you arrived at the party __was Francis sitting in the comer___(Francis/sit in the
corner)? Yes, he was
10) When you arrived at the party ___were everybody having fun____(everybody/have
fun)? Yes, they were
11) When I saw you and Lucy last night, where ___were you going___ (you/go)?
12) When I saw you and Lucy last night, what ____were you doing____(you/do)?

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LESSON 2B- WHAT HAPPENED?
Big events in the news can stay in our memories forever. Even if we weren't directly
involved, we remember where we were and what we were doing at that time. In this
session, you'll learn about one of the most well-known disasters of the 20th Century.
VOCABULARY:
A 20th Century disaster
passenger liner: a large ship that carries people across the sea
iceberg: a very large piece of ice in the ocean
to sink: to go under the water
to strike: to hit with force
string quartet: a classical music group of four people
lifeboats: something that is used to help people escape from danger on a ship
blow: hard hit; impact
crew: the group of people who operate a ship, airplane, or train
distress: pain, agony
drown: (drowned) to die under water or other liquid of suffocation
flare: a bright flash of fire used as a signal
lack: absence, deficiency
lax: not strict; negligent
lookout: guard
maiden: inaugural, first
outrage: anger, fury
widespread: extensive

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READING ACTIVITY
The sinking of the Titanic occurred on April 15, 1912 in the North Atlantic Ocean, four
days into the ship's maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. The largest
passenger liner in service at the time, Titanic had an estimated 2,224 people on board
when she hit an iceberg. The sinking took two hours and forty minutes and resulted in
the deaths of more than 1,500 people. This made it one of the deadliest maritime
disasters in history.
Titanic received six warnings of sea ice on April 14th but was traveling near her
maximum speed when her lookouts saw the iceberg. Unable to turn quickly enough, the
ship suffered a blow on the right side. The crew used distress flares and radio messages
to attract help. Passengers were put into lifeboats, however, evacuation efforts were
poorly managed and many lifeboats were launched before they were totally full. Almost
all those who jumped or fell into the water drowned within minutes due to the effects
of hypothermia.
Titanic sank with over a thousand passengers and crew still on board. Another ship, the
Carpathia, arrived on the scene about an hour and a half after the sinking and helped
rescuing survivors.
The disaster caused widespread outrage over the lack of lifeboats, lax regulations, and
the unequal treatment of the three passenger classes during the evacuation.
Accident investigators recommended extensive changes to maritime regulations,

leading to the establishment in 1914 of the International Convention for the Safety of
Life at Sea, which still governs maritime safety today.

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READING COMPREHENSION EXERCISE
Choose the correct answer to the questions below.
1- What body of water was the Titanic crossing?
a) A sea
b) A gulf
c) An ocean
d) An iceberg
2- How many people were aboard?

a) Two thousand, two hundred and twenty-four
b) Twenty-two thousand, two hundred and twenty-four
c) Two thousand and twenty-four
d) Two hundred thousand and twenty-four
3- What did the crew do to avoid the collision with the iceberg?
a) Send radio signals
b) Turn the boat
c) Shoot distress flares
d) Evacuate people on life boats
4- Why were people outraged at the disaster?

a) Poor evacuation
b) Unfair treatment of different classes of passengers
c) Poor following of safety procedures
d) All of the above
5- What did other passengers die of who didn't drown or sink with the ship?
a) From low water and body temperature
b) Disease

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c) Hunger
d) All of the above
6- What did the sinking of the titanic ultimately lead to?

a) The death of over a thousand people
b) Stronger maritime safety rules
c) The worst maritime disaster in history
d) All of the above
GRAMMAR LESSON 1- PAST SIMPLE VS PAST PROGRESSIVE
STRUCTURE:
Simple Past Past Progressive

Irregular verb in past past form of 'be' + ing form of verb
I spoke ……… yo hable

I was speaking …….. yo estaba hablando
regular verbs: verb + ed you were speaking
he / she / it was speaking
I worked we were speaking
they were speaking
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 'ed' : Exceptions when adding 'ing' :
• when the final letter is e, only add d. • silent e is dropped (but: does not
apply for -ee)
Example: love – loved
Example: come - coming
Live - lived but: agree - agreeing
• after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant • after a short, stressed vowel, the
is doubled final consonant is doubled
Example: admit – admitted Example: sit - sitting
Travel - travelled • final l is always doubled in British

English (not in American English)
• final l is always doubled in British English (not in
American English) Example: travel - travelling

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Example: travel – travelled • final ie becomes y.
cancel- cancelled Example: lie - lying
• after a consonant, final y becomes i. (but: not after

a vowel)
Example: worry - he worried

but: play - he played
Use
After another or at the same time?
Do you want to express that the actions in the past happened one after another or at
the same time?

after another at the same time
She came home, switched on the computer and Simon was playing on the computer while his
checked her e-mails. brother was watching TV.
New action or already in progress?
If you want to express that a new action happened in the middle of another action, you
need both tenses: Simple Past the new action and Past Progressive for the action already
in progress.

action already in progress
new action
While I was sitting in a meeting, (my mobile
My mobile rang (while I was sitting in a meeting.)
suddenly rang.)
Only mentioning or emphasising progress?
Do you just want to mention that an action took place in the past (also used for short
actions)? Or do you want to put emphasis on the progress, e.g. that an action was taking
place at a certain time?

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emphasising progress
just mentioning
Yesterday at six o'clock, Colin was playing
Colin played football yesterday.
football.
Certain Verbs
The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Past (not in the progressive form).
• state: be,(ser/estar) cost,(acostar) fit,(ajustar, encajar) mean,(querer

decir/significar) suit (ajustar, amoldar)
Example: We were on holiday. We were being on holiday.
• possession: belong, (pertenecer) have (tener)
Example: Sam had a cat. Sam was having a cat.
• senses: feel, (sentir) hear,(oir) see, (ver) smell, (oler) taste, (probar) touch
(tocar)
Example: He felt the cold. He was feeling the cold
• feelings: hate, (odiar) hope, (anhelar) like, (gustar) love, (amar) prefer,
(preferer) regret, (arrepentirse, lamentarse) want,(querer/desear) wish
(desear)
Example: Jane loved pizza. Jane was loving pizza
• brain work: believe,(creer) know,(saber) think,(pensar) understand (entender)
Example: I did not understand him. I wasn`t understanding him.
• introductory clauses for direct speech: answer,(contester) ask,(preguntar)

reply,(responder) say (decir)
Example: “I am watching TV,“ he said.
Signal words

• first (primero) • while (mientras)

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• then (despues) • as long as (mientras tanto)
EXERCISE 1
Put the verbs into the correct tense (Simple Past or Past Progressive).
1- While Tom (read) was reading_ , Amely (watch)_ was watching__ a
documentary on TV.
2- Marvin (come) came_ home, (switch)_switched _on the computer and (check)
__checked__ his emails.
3- The thief (sneak) sneaked_ into the house, (steal)_stole the jewels and (leave) _
left_without a trace.
4- Nobody (listen)_was listening __ while the teacher was explaning____(explain)
the tenses.
5- While we (do) were doing__a sight-seeing tour, our friends (lie) were bring___on
the beach.
6- He (wake)_ woke_ and (look) _looked__at his watch.
GRAMMAR LESSON 2- TIME CLAUSES WITH “WHILE”, “WHEN” AND “AS

SOON AS”.
A) TIME CLAUSES WITH WHILE
When you use the past progressive with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses
the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.
Examples:
I was studying while he was making dinner.
While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.
Were you listening while he was talking?
B) TIME CLAUSES WITH WHEN
We use the past progressive to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted.
The interruption is usually a shorter action in the simple past. Remember this can be a
real interruption or just an interruption in time.
Examples:
I was watching TV when she called.

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When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
What were you doing when the earthquake started?
You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off.
Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane.
C) TIME CLAUSES WITH AS SOON AS
We use AS SOON AS with the past simple, to talk about actions that happened one after
another.
As soon as I saw Mike ok the street I said hello to him.
We started doing our homework as soon as the teacher sent us the e-mail.
We started cleaning the house as soon as the party was over.
EXERCISE 2
Complete the text with the Past Simple or the Past Progressive of the verbs in brackets.
I (1)__was watching_ (watch) T.V. when my sister (2)___walked____(walk) into the
house with a paper bag. There were snails in it! She (3)__wanted_(want)_to make
something different for dinner. She (4)_put_(put) the bag on the table, (5)_opened__
(open) the fridge and (6)___started____ (start) taking out some vegetables.
“You are going to love this!” she (7)__said__ (say). As she (8) _ took___ (take) the
vegetables out of the fridge, some of the snails (9) _got_ (get) out of the bag. As soon
as I (10)_saw__ (see) them, I (11)____began__ (begin) shouting: “They´re moving!
They`re alive! And my sister answered__ (answer): “of course, they are. That`s how you
cook them!”
EXERCISE 2
Put the verbs into the correct tense (Simple Past or Past Progressive).
1- We (wait)___were wainting__ for Jane, when suddenly Louis (come)
came_ around the corner.
2- I (cycle) was cycling_ through the park, when I (hear)_heard _ a strange
noise.
3- He (pass) passed__ her a message when the teacher (look / not)_ wasn´t
looking__ .
4- I (fall) was falling__ asleep while I (watch)__was watching__ TV last night.
5- When Mike and Jane (paint)_were painting the walls, their dog
(knock)_knocked _ over the paint pot.
6- Tom (break)_broke his leg when he (play)__was playing __ frisbee.
7- The phone (ring) rang _ when I (sit)_was sitting_ on the toilet.
8- When I (do)_was doing_ the washing-up, I (break)_broke_ a plate.

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9- While Tom (play)_playing_ the piano, his mother (do) _doing__the
washing-up.
10- He (drink)_drinking_ some juice and then he (eat)_eating a few chips.
11- I (have)__was having _ dinner when I suddenly (hear)_hearing_ a loud
bang.
12- When my father (work)_working_ in the garden, an old friend
(pass)_passing by to see him.
13- She (go) going_ to school, (take) taking_ out her textbook and (begin)_
beginning to learn.
14- When it (start)_was starting to rain, our dog (want)_wanting_ to come
inside.
15- When Jane (do) _was doing_ a language course in Ireland, she
(visit)_visiting_ Blarney Castle.
16- When I (be)_was being on my way home, I (see)_saw _ an accident.
17- I (not / understand)_wasn´t understand__ what they (talk)__ talking_
about.
WRITING TASK
100-120 WORDS
EVENTS IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
USE PAST SIMPLE AND PAST PROGRESSIVE
USE TIME LINKERS: WHEN, AS SOON AS, WHILE, AS, ETC…
TIME EXPRESSIONS: YESTERDAY - LASY WEEK -___ YEARS AGO,
DESCRIBE FEELINGS
USE NEGATIVE SENTENCES AND QUESTIONS
ORGANISE YOUR STORY INTO PARAGRAPHS.

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LESSON 2C- NOW AND THEN
VOCABULARY- COLLOCATIONS WITH DO AND MAKE
Do you know the difference between DO and MAKE?
Basic Difference between DO and MAKE
Use DO for actions, obligations, and repetitive tasks.

Use MAKE for creating or producing something, and for actions you choose to do.
DO generally refers to the action itself, and MAKE usually refers to the result. For
example, if you “make breakfast,” the result is an omelet! If you “make a suggestion,”
you have created a recommendation.
Common English Collocations with DO
HOUSEWORK
do the housework (hacer la limpieza de la casa)
After I got home from the office, I was too tired to do the housework.
do the laundry (lavar la ropa)
I really need to do the laundry – I don’t have any clean clothes left!
Do the dishes (lavar los trastes)
I’ll make dinner if you do the dishes afterwards.
(you can also say “wash the dishes”)
do the shopping ( hacer las compras)
I went to the bank, did some shopping, and mailed a package at the post office.
EXCEPTION: make the bed = putting blankets, sheets, and pillows in the correct place
so that the bed looks nice and not messy.
WORK / STUDY
do work (hacer trabajo)
I can’t go out this weekend – I have to do some work on an extra project.
do homework (hacer tarea)
You can’t watch any TV until you’ve done your homework.

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do business (hacer negocios)
We do business with clients in fifteen countries.
do a good/great/terrible job (hacer un trabajo Bueno/ excelente/ terrible)
She did a good job organizing the party.
(in this expression, “job” doesn’t necessarily refer to work. It simply means the
person did something well)
do a report (hacer un reporte)
I’m doing a report on the history of American foreign policy.
(you can also say “writing a report”)
do a course (tomar un curso)
We’re doing a course at the local university.
(you can also say “taking a course”)
TAKING CARE OF YOUR BODY

do exercise (hacer ejercicio)
I do at least half an hour of exercise every day.
do your hair (= style your hair) (peinarse / arreglarse el cabello)
I’ll be ready to go in 15 minutes – I just need to do my hair.
do your nails (= paint your nails) (arreglarte las uñas)
Can you open this envelope for me? I just did my nails and they’re still wet.
GENERAL GOOD OR BAD ACTIONS

do anything / something / everything / nothing ( hacer algo/ todo o nada)
Are you doing anything special for your birthday?
You can’t do everything by yourself – let me help you.
do well (ir bien)
I think I did pretty well in the interview.
do badly (ir mal)
Everyone did badly on the test – the highest grade was 68.

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do good (hacer el bien)
The non-profit organization has done a lot of good in the community.
do the right thing (hacer lo correcto)
When I found someone’s wallet on the sidewalk, I turned it in to the police because I
wanted to do the right thing.
do your best (hacer tu mejor esfuerzo)
Don’t worry about getting everything perfect – just do your best.
Common English Collocations with MAKE
FOOD
make breakfast/lunch/dinner (hacer el desayuno/ la comida/ la cena)
I’m making dinner – it’ll be ready in about ten minutes.
make a sandwich (hacer un sandwich)
Could you make me a turkey sandwich?
make a salad (hacer una ensalada)
I made a salad for the family picnic.
make a cup of tea (hacer una taza de café/ te)
Would you like me to make you a cup of tea?
make a reservation (hacer una reservación)
I’ve made a reservation for 7:30 at our favorite restaurant.
MONEY
make money (hacer dinero)
I enjoy my job, but I don’t make very much money.
make a profit (obtener una ganancia)
The new company made a profit within its first year.
make a fortune (hacer una fortuna)

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He made a fortune after his book hit #1 on the bestseller list.
make $_______
I made $250 selling my old CDs on the internet.
RELATIONSHIPS
make friends (hacer amigos)
It’s hard to make friends when you move to a big city.
make fun of someone (= tease / mock someone) (burlarse de alguien)
The other kids made fun of Jimmy when he got glasses, calling him “four eyes.”
make up (= resolve a problem in a relationship) (reconciliarse)
Karen and Jennifer made up after the big fight they had last week.
COMMUNICATION
make a phone call (hacer una llamada telefónica)
Please excuse me – I need to make a phone call.
make a joke (contar un chiste)
He made a joke, but it wasn’t very funny and no one laughed.
make a point (señalar/ hacer observaciones)
Dana made some good points during the meeting; I think we should consider her
ideas.
make a bet (hacer una apuesta)
I made a bet with Peter to see who could do more push-ups.
make a complaint (hacer una queja)
We made a complaint with our internet provider about their terrible service, but we
still haven’t heard back from them.
make a confession (confesar un secreto)
I need to make a confession: I was the one who ate the last piece of cake.
make a speech (dar un discurso)
The company president made a speech about ethics in the workplace.

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make a suggestion (hacer una sugerencia)
Can I make a suggestion? I think you should cut your hair shorter – it’d look great on
you!
make a prediction (hacer una predicción)
It’s difficult to make any predictions about the future of the economy.
make an excuse (dar pretextos)
When I asked him if he’d finished the work, he started making excuses about how he
was too busy.
make a promise (hacer una promesa)
I made a promise to help her whenever she needs it.
(you can also say, “I promised to help her whenever she needs it.”)
make a fuss (= demonstrate annoyance) hacer un escandalo
Stop making a fuss – he’s only late a couple minutes. I’m sure he’ll be here soon.
make an observation ( hacer una observacion)
I’d like to make an observation about our business plan – it’s not set in stone, so we
can be flexible.
make a comment (hacer un comentario)
The teacher made a few critical comments on my essay.
EXCEPTION: Don’t say “make a question.” The correct phrase is “ask a question.”
PLANS & PROGRESS

make plans (hacer planes)
We’re making plans to travel to Australia next year.
make a decision/choice (tomar una decisión)
I’ve made my decision – I’m going to go to New York University, not Boston
University.
make a mistake (cometer un error)
You made a few mistakes in your calculations – the correct total is $5430, not $4530.
make progress (progresar)

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My students are making good progress. Their spoken English is improving a lot.
make an attempt / effort (= try) (hacer un intento/ un esfuerzo)
I’m making an effort to stop smoking this year.
make up your mind (= decide) (decidir /tomar una decision)
Should I buy a desktop or a laptop computer? I can’t make up my mind.
make a discovery (hacer un descubrimiento)
Scientists have made an important discovery in the area of genetics.
make a list (hacer una lista)
I’m making a list of everything we need for the wedding: invitations, decorations, a
cake, a band, the dress…
make sure (= confirm) (asegurarse)
Can you make sure we have enough copies of the report for everybody at the
meeting?
make a difference (hacer una diferencia)
Getting eight hours of sleep makes a big difference in my day. I have more energy!
make an exception (hacer una excepcion)
Normally the teacher doesn’t accept late homework, but she made an exception for
me because my backpack was stolen with my homework inside it.
VOCABULARY EXERCISE
Complete the phrases with make or do. Then write a sentence using the phrase.
1 _make_ an appointment.
2_make_ a meal
3_do_ your best
4_make_a mess
5__make_a cup of coffee
6___make__a mistake
7__make___a decision
8__make___a noise
9__make__a difference

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10__do__nothing
11___do___some exercise
12___do____some shopping
13___make___friends (with)
14___do___some work
15___do___your homework
16___do___someone a favor
17__do___the housework
18__make___ money
GRAMMAR LESSON 1- PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

We use this tense for unfinished and finished actions.
Unfinished Actions
1: We use this tense when we want to talk about unfinished actions or states or habits
that started in the past and continue to the present. Usually we use it to say 'how long'
and we need 'since' or 'for'. We often use stative verbs.
I've known Karen since 1994. Yo he conocido a Karen desde 1994.
She's lived in London for three years. Ella ha vivido en Londres por 3 años
I've worked here for six months. Yo he trabajado aqui por seis meses
'Since' and 'For'
SINCE:
We use 'since' with a fixed time in the past (2004, April 23rd, last year). The fixed time
can be another action, which is in the past simple (since I was at school, since I arrived).
I've known Sam since 1992. Yo he conocido a Sam desde 1992.
I've liked chocolate since I was a child. Me ha gustado el chocolate desde que era niño
She's been here since 2pm. Ella ha estado aquí desde las 2pm.
FOR:
We use 'for' with a period of time (2 hours, three years, six months).
I've known Julie for ten years. Yo he conocido a Julie por 10 años.
I've been hungry for hours. Yo he estado hambriento por horas.

Balancán, Tabasco.
Tel. y Fax 01-934-34 4-90-00 C.P. 86930
She's had a cold for a week. Ella ha estado resfriada por una semana.
Finished Actions
2: Life experience. These are actions or events that happened sometime during a
person's life. We don't say when the experience happened, and the person needs to
be alive now. We often use the words 'ever' and 'never' here.
I have been to Tokyo. Yo he estado en tokyo
They have visited Paris three times. Ellos han visitado París tres veces
We have never seen that film. Nosotros nunca hemos visto esa pelicula
3: With an unfinished time word (this month, this week, today). The period of time is
still continuing.
I haven't seen her this month. Yo no la he visto este mes
She's drunk three cups of coffee today. Ella ha tomado tres tazas de café hoy.
I've already moved house twice this year! Yo ya me he mudado de casa dos veces este
año.
→We CAN'T use the present perfect with a finished time word.
NOT:I've seen him yesterday.
4: A finished action with a result in the present (focus on result). We often use the
present perfect to talk about something that happened in the recent past, but that is
still true or important now. Sometimes we can use the past simple here, especially in
US English.
I've lost my keys (so I can't get into my house). He perdido mis llaves, así que no puedo
entrar a mi casa.
She's hurt her leg (so she can't play tennis today). Ella se ha lastimado la pierna, así que
no puede jugar tenis hoy.
They've missed the bus (so they will be late). Ellos perdieron el autobús, así que llegaran
tarde.
5: We can also use the present perfect to talk about something that happened
recently, even if there isn't a clear result in the present. This is common when we want
to introduce news and we often use the words 'just / yet / already / recently'.
However, the past simple is also correct in these cases, especially in US English.
The Queen has given a speech. La reina ha dado un discurso
Balancán, Tabasco.
Tel. y Fax 01-934-34 4-90-00 C.P. 86930
I've just seen Lucy. Recien he visto a Lucy
The Mayor has announced a new plan for the railways.
El alcalde ha anunciado un nuevo plan para los ferrocarriles.
Been and Gone

In this tense, we use both 'been' and 'gone' as the past participle of 'go', but in slightly
different circumstances.
We use 'been' (often when we talk about life experience) to mean that the person
we're talking about visited the place and came back.
I've been to Paris (in my life, but now I'm in London, where I live).
I´ve been to Cancun twice, but now I´m in balancan
She has been to school today (but now she's back at home).
They have never been to California.
We use 'gone' (often when we are talking about an action with a result in the present)
to mean that the person went to the place and is at the place now.
Where's John? He's gone to the shops. (he's at the shops now).
Julie has gone to Mexico. (now she's in Mexico).
They've gone to Japan for three weeks. (now they're in Japan).
STRUCTURE
AFFIRMATIVE
To make the affirmative present perfect tense, use:
• 'have' / 'has' + the past participle
I have played Yo he jugado He has played El ha jugado
You have played Tu has jugado She has played Ella ha jugago
We have played Nosotros hemos jugado It has played Eso ha jugado
They have played Ellos han jugado
• Make the past participle by adding 'ed' to regular verbs (for example, 'play' becomes
'played')
• There are a few verbs that change their spelling when you add 'ed' (for example, 'study'
becomes 'studied')
• We also have some completely irregular verbs

Balancán, Tabasco.
Tel. y Fax 01-934-34 4-90-00 C.P. 86930
Affirmative Affirmative Short Form
I have played I've played. Yo he jugado

you have worked you've worked. Tu has trabajado
he has written he's written. El ha escrito
she has walked she's walked. Ella ha caminado
it has rained it's rained. Ha llovido
we have travelled we've travelled. Nosotros hemos viajado
they have studied they've studied. Ellos han estudiado
EXERCISE 1
Make affirmative sentences in the Present Perfect Simple.
1) (I / study / French) I have studied French
2) (She / eat / octopus) She has eaten octopus.
3) (They / go / to Scotland) They have gone to Scotland
4) (We / read / that book) We have read that book
5) (He / live / here for three years) He has lived here for three years
6) (You / know / David for ten years) You have known David for ten
7) (We / be / here for two weeks) We have been here for two weeks.
8) (I / lose / my keys) I have lost my keys
9) (He / drink / too much coffee) He has drunk too much coffee.
10) (They / miss / the train) They have missed the train.
11) (She / go / to Peru) She has gone to Peru
12) (We / eat / too much chocolate) We have eaten too much chocolate.
13) (I / have / breakfast this morning) I have had breakfast this morning.
14) (John / miss / the train) John has missed the train
15) (Lucy / cook / breakfast) Lucy has cooked breakfast

Balancán, Tabasco.
Tel. y Fax 01-934-34 4-90-00 C.P. 86930
NEGATIVE
The negative is really simple too. Just put 'not' after 'have' or 'has':
Negative Negative Short Form
I have not eaten breakfast

I haven't eaten Yo no he desayunado hoy
today
you have not been to Asia you haven't been Tu no has estado en Asia
he has not seen the new film he hasn't seen Él no ha visto la nueva película
she has not played tennis she hasn't played Ella no ha jugado tennis
it has not snowed this winter it hasn't snowed No ha nevado este invierno
we haven't slept Nosotros no han dormido toda
we have not slept all night
la noche
they haven't tried Ellos no han probado la
they have not tried the food
comida
EXERCISE 2
Make negative sentences in the Present Perfect Simple
1) (You / not / study / French for ten years)
You haven´t studied French for ten years.
2) (They / not / be / in London for six months)
They haven´t been in London for six months
3) (He / not / hurt / his leg)
He hasn´t hurt his leg
4) (She / not / leave / her phone in a taxi)
She hasn´t left her phone in a taxi
5) (We / not / lose / our tickets)
We haven´t lost our tickets
6) (She / not / make / dinner)
She hasn´t made dinner
7) (They / not / arrive / yet)
They haven´t arrived yet.
8) (Lucy / not / do / her homework)
Lucy hasn´t done her homework
9) (I / not / read / that book)
I haven´t read that book
10) (He / not / live / in Berlin)
He hasn´t lived in Berlin
11) (John / not / buy / any food)
John hasn´t bought any food
Balancán, Tabasco.
Tel. y Fax 01-934-34 4-90-00 C.P. 86930
12) (She / not / clean / the kitchen)
She hasn´t cleaned the kitchen
13) (You / not / call / me)
You haven´t called me
14) (We / not / find / the book yet)
We haven´t found the book yet
15) (They / not / sleep / well)
They haven´t slept well
QUESTION FORMS
YES/ NO QUESTIONS
have I missed the bus? Yes, I have. No, I haven´t
He perdido el autobús?
have you visited London? Yes , you have. No, you haven´t
Has visitado Londres

has he worked as a waiter before? Yes, he has. No, he hasn´t
Ha el trabajado de mesero antes?

has she met John? Yes, she has. No, she hasn´t
Ha ella conocido a John

has it been cold this week? Yes, it has. No, it hasn´t
Ha estado frio esta semana?

have we arrived too early? Yes, we have. No, we haven´t
Hemos llegado muy pronto?

have they studied English grammar before? Yes, they have. No, they haven´t
Han ellos estudiado gramatica inglesa antes?
INFORMATION QUESTIONS
where have I left my umbrella? I have left my umbrella in the taxi.
Donde he dejado mi sombrilla?

what have you done today? I have done nothing.
Que has hecho hoy?

Balancán, Tabasco.
Tel. y Fax 01-934-34 4-90-00 C.P. 86930
why has he gone already? Because he was bored
Por que el ya se ha ido?

where has she been in the UK? She has been in London
Donde ha estado ella en el reino unido?

why has it rained so much this summer? Because of the weather change
Po que ha llovido tanto este verano?

what have we done? We have worked a lot.
Que hemos hecho?

where have they learned English before? They have learned English in high-school
¿Dónde han aprendido ingles antes?
EXERCISE 3
Make Present Perfect Yes / no and Information questions.
1) (You / go / to Australia)?
Have you gone to Australia? Yes, you have.
2) (She / miss / the bus)?
Has she missed the bus? No, she hasn´t.
3) (I / meet / you before)?
Have I met you before? Yes, you have.
4) (They / take / the exam)?
Have they taken the examen? No, they haven´t.
5) (She / work / in this company for fifteen years)?
Has she worked in this company for fifteen years? Yes, she has
6) (How long / she / live in London)?
How long has she lived in London?
7) (Where / you / be)?
Where have you been?
8) (How much coffee / you / drink today)?
How much coffee have you drunk today?
9) (What / you / do today)?
What have you done today?
10) (How long / he / work here)?
How long has he worked here?
11) (Why / you / bring that)?
Why have you brought that?
12) (How many times / you / visit Scotland)?
How many times have you visited Scotland?

Balancán, Tabasco.
Tel. y Fax 01-934-34 4-90-00 C.P. 86930
EXERCISE 4
Make the present perfect - it could be affirmative, negative or question.
1) (you / keep a pet for three years)
You have kept a pet for three years
2) (you / eat Thai food before)?
Have you eaten Thai before?
3) (it / rain all day)?
Has it rained all day?
4) (who / we / forget to invite)?

Who have we forgotten?
5) (we / not / hear that song already)
We haven´t heard that song already
6) (he / not / forget his books)
He hasn´t forgotten his books.
7) (she / steal all the chocolate)
She has stolen all the chocolate.
8) (I / explain it well)?
Have I explained it well?
9) (who / he / meet recently)?
Who has met recently?
10) (how / we / finish already)?
How have we finished already?
11) (he / study Latin)
He has studied Latin.
12) (I / know him for three months)
I have known him for three months.
13) (where / you / study Arabic)?
Where have you studied Arabic?
14) (what countries / they / visit in Europe)?
What countries have they visited in Europe?
15) (he / hurt his leg)
He has hurt his leg.
GRAMMAR LESSON 2. PRESENT PERFECT VS PAST SIMPLE
What’s the difference? Present Perfect and Past Simple
Present Perfect Simple Past Simple

Unfinished actions that started in the
Finished actions:
past and continue to the present:
• I knew Julie for ten years (but then she moved
• I’ve known Julie for ten years (and I
away and we lost touch).
still know her).

Balancán, Tabasco.
Tel. y Fax 01-934-34 4-90-00 C.P. 86930
A finished action in someone’s life
A finished action in someone’s life (when the
(when the person is still alive: life
person is dead):
experience):
• My great-grandmother went to Mexico three
• My brother has been to Mexico
times.
three times.
A finished action with a result in the

A finished action with no result in the present:
present:
• I lost my keys yesterday. It was terrible! (Now
• I’ve lost my keys! (The result is that
there is no result. I got new keys yesterday).
I can’t get into my house now).
With an unfinished time word (this With a finished time word (last week, last
week, this month, today): month, yesterday):
• I’ve seen John this week. • I saw John last week.
EXERCISE I
Change the verb into the correct form of the past simple or present perfect
1) Last night I ____lost_____(lose) my keys - I had to call my flatmate to let me in.
2) I _____have lost____(lose) my keys - can you help me look for them?
3) I ____have visited__(visit) Paris three times.
4) Last year I ___visited____(visit) Paris.
5) I ___knew___(know) my great grandmother for a few years - she died when I was
eight.
6) I __have known___(know) Julie for three years - we still meet once a month.
7) I ___have played___(play) Hockey since I was a child - I'm pretty good!
8) She __played__(play) hockey at school but she didn't like it.
9) Sorry, I ____have missed___(miss) the bus - I'm going to be late.
10) I __missed__(miss) the bus and then I _missed_(miss) the aeroplane as well!
11) Last month I ___went___(go) to Scotland.
12) I'm sorry, John isn't here now. He ___has gone__(go) to the shops.
13) We ___finished____(finish) this room last week.
14) I ____have finished____(finish) my exams finally - I'm so happy!
15) Yesterday, I _saw__(see) all of my friends. It was great.
16) I ____have seen___(see) Julie three times this week.

Balancán, Tabasco.
Tel. y Fax 01-934-34 4-90-00 C.P. 86930
17) She __has lived___(live) in London since 1994.
18) She _lived__(live) in London when she was a child.
19) I ____have drunk___(drink) three cups of coffee today.
20) I _____drank___(drink) three cups of coffee yesterday.
50 Common Irregular Verbs
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle

Be - ser /estar was / were - fue/ fueron Been - estado
Become - Became – convirtió Become -volverse
volverse
Begin - empezar Began – empezó Begun – comenzada
Bring – traer Brought – trajo Brought -trajo
Buy – comprar Bought – compro Bought – compro
Choose – escoger Chose – eligió Chosen – elegida
Come – ven Came – vino Come – vino
Do – hacer Did – hizo Done - hecho
Drink – beber Drank – bebió Drunk – borracha
Drive – conducir Drove – condujo Driven – impulsada
Eat – comer Ate – comió Eaten – comida
Fall – otoño Fell – cayo Fallen – caída
Feel – sentir Felt – sintió Felt – sintió
Find – encontrar Found – encontró Found – encontró
Fly – volar Flew – voló Flown – volado
Forget – olvidar Forgot – olvido Forgotten – olvidado
Get – obtener Got – tiene got (gotten in USA) –
consiguió (consiguió en EE.
UU.)
Give – dar Gave – dio Given – dado
Go – vamos Went – fuimos Gone – ido
Have – tener Had – tenido Had – tenido
Hear – oír Heard – escucho Heard – escucho
Keep – mantener Kept – mantenido Kept – mantenido
Know – saber Knew – sabia Known – conocido
Leave – salir Left – izquierda Left – izquierda
Lend – prestar Lent – prestado Lent – prestado
Let – dejar Let – dejar Let – dejar
lose – perder Lost – perdió Lost – perdió
Make – hacer Made – hecho Made – hecho
Meet – reunirse Met – reunió Met – reunió
Pay – pagar Paid – pagado Paid – pagado

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Put – poner Put – poner Put – poner
Read – leer read (pronounced /red/) read (pronounced /red/)
leer (pronunciado /rojo/) leer (pronunciado / rojo /)
Run – correr Ran – corrió Run – correr
Say – decir Said – dijo Said – dijo
See – ver Saw – sierra Seen – vista
Sell – vender Sold – vendido Sold – vendido
Send – enviar Sent – expedido Sent – expedido
Sing – canta Sang – canto Sung – cantado
Sit – sentar Sat – se sentó Sat – se sentó
Sleep – dormir Slept – a dormir Slept – dormido
Speak – hablar Spoke – hablo Spoken – hablado
Stand – estar Stood – destacado Stood – destacado
Swim – nadar Swam – nado Swum – nadar
Take – tomar Took – tomo Taken – tomado
Teach – enseñar Taught – enseño Taught – enseño
Tell – contar Told – dicho Told – dicho
Think – pensar Thought – pensamiento Thought – pensamiento
Understand – Understood – entendido Understood – entendido
entender
Wear – vestir Wore – uso Worn – desgastado
Write – escribir Wrote – escribió Written – escrito

Balancán, Tabasco.
Tel. y Fax 01-934-34 4-90-00 C.P. 86930

Tarea de Unidad 2 de Ingles 5

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Tarea de Unidad 2 de Ingles 5

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Instituto Tecnológico Superior de los

“2020, Año del Leona Vicario. Benemérita Madre de la Patria”

INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO SUPERIOR DE

Km. 3 Carretera Balancán – Villahermosa,

3- NO- we use it with plural countable and uncountable nouns in affirmative

Km. 3 Carretera Balancán – Villahermosa,

QUANTIFIERS WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS.

2- A LITTLE- UN POCO we use it with uncountable nouns in affirmative sentences to

3- LITTLE- PEQUEÑO/PEQUEÑA we use it with uncountable nouns when the

Km. 3 Carretera Balancán – Villahermosa,

6- We don't have ___ potatoes. Can you do another five or six?

GRAMMAR LESSON 2- PAST PROGRESSIVE

• He was always leaving the tap running.

• I was working in the garden all day.

• I was not sleeping I wasn't sleeping

Make the positive or negative PAST PROGRESSIVE:

1) Julie ____was sleeping____(sleep) at three o'clock.

2) You ____were studying___(study) at three o'clock.

Km. 3 Carretera Balancán – Villahermosa,

4) I _____was working _____(work) at three o'clock.

5) They ____were eating ____(eat) chocolate at three o'clock.

6) John _____was playing _____(play) tennis at three o'clock.

7) We ______were watching_____(watch) TV at three o'clock.

8) He ______was using__________(use) the internet at three o'clock.

9) You ______were cooking___(cook) lunch at three o'clock.

10) We ______were traveling_____(travel) to London at three o'clock.

14) You _____weren´t playing_____(not/play) cards when the murder happened.

To make an information' question, put the question word at the beginning:

• Why was I working?

Km. 3 Carretera Balancán – Villahermosa,

Km. 3 Carretera Balancán – Villahermosa,

Km. 3 Carretera Balancán – Villahermosa,

Accident investigators recommended extensive changes to maritime regulations,

Km. 3 Carretera Balancán – Villahermosa,

2- How many people were aboard?

4- Why were people outraged at the disaster?

Km. 3 Carretera Balancán – Villahermosa,

6- What did the sinking of the titanic ultimately lead to?

GRAMMAR LESSON 1- PAST SIMPLE VS PAST PROGRESSIVE

Simple Past Past Progressive

I spoke ……… yo hable

Example: admit – admitted Example: sit - sitting

Travel - travelled • final l is always doubled in British

Km. 3 Carretera Balancán – Villahermosa,

cancel- cancelled Example: lie - lying

• after a consonant, final y becomes i. (but: not after

Example: worry - he worried

After another or at the same time?

Simple Past Past Progressive

New action or already in progress?

Simple Past Past Progressive

Only mentioning or emphasising progress?

Km. 3 Carretera Balancán – Villahermosa,

• state: be,(ser/estar) cost,(acostar) fit,(ajustar, encajar) mean,(querer

Example: We were on holiday. We were being on holiday.

• possession: belong, (pertenecer) have (tener)

Example: Sam had a cat. Sam was having a cat.

Example: He felt the cold. He was feeling the cold

Example: Jane loved pizza. Jane was loving pizza

• brain work: believe,(creer) know,(saber) think,(pensar) understand (entender)

Example: I did not understand him. I wasn`t understanding him.

• introductory clauses for direct speech: answer,(contester) ask,(preguntar)

Example: “I am watching TV,“ he said.

1) Julie was sleeping(sleep) at three o'clock.

2) You __were studying_(study) at three o'clock.

4) I _was working _(work) at three o'clock.

5) They were eating (eat) chocolate at three o'clock.

6) John _was playing _(play) tennis at three o'clock.

7) We __were watching_(watch) TV at three o'clock.

8) He was using____(use) the internet at three o'clock.

9) You ____were cooking_(cook) lunch at three o'clock.

10) We __were traveling_(travel) to London at three o'clock.

14) You _weren´t playing_(not/play) cards when the murder happened.