Solar Cable Sizing Calculation

REF. No.
SS-SSA-DT-A-468
COVER SHEET REVISION 1 PAGE AMOUNT 91
PROJECT 4.9985 MWp SOLAR FARM PROJECT for WVO

OWNER SERMSANG SOLAR CO., LTD
CONTRACTOR SHARP SOLAR SOLUTION ASIA CO., LTD.
PROJECT DOC NO. SS-SSA-TC-E-004
TITLE CABLE SIZING AND VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION
THIS DOCUMENT IS A CABLE SIZING AND VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION
REVISION HISTORY
REV. DATE REVISION DETAILS PREPARED CHECKED REVIEWED APPROVED
SIWARUT SIWARUT LAKSAMEE YOSHIMI

1 OCT 17, 2018 FOR FINAL SUWANLAPAPORN SUWANLAPAPORN TIPPAYAWAT NAOKI

C JULY 6, 2018 FOR APPROVAL SUWANLAPAPORN SUWANLAPAPORN TIPPAYAWAT NAOKI

B JUNE 13, 2018 FOR APPROVAL SUWANLAPAPORN SUWANLAPAPORN TIPPAYAWAT NAOKI

A MAY 31, 2018 FOR APPROVAL SUWANLAPAPORN SUWANLAPAPORN TIPPAYAWAT NAOKI
ISSUE PURPOSE DISTRIBUTION ISSUED BY;
FOR REVIEW DATE OCT 17, 2018
FOR APPROVAL
SIWARUT
FOR INFORMATION PREPARED
SUWANLAPAPORN
SIWARUT
FOR CONSTRUCTION CHECKED
SUWANLAPAPORN
LAKSAMEE
AS BUILT REVIEWED
TIPPAYAWAT
YOSHIMI
FOR FINAL APPROVED
NAOKI
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................2
GENERAL BACKGROUND ................................................................................................2
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................2
PURPOSE OF THE REPORT ............................................................................................2
2. CABLE CROSS SECTION CALCULATION ................................................................................3

GENERAL ...........................................................................................................................3
BASIC CONSIDERATION ..................................................................................................3
2.2.1 Network electrical characteristics ........................................................................3
2.2.2 Cable characteristics ...........................................................................................3
a) Cable rated voltages Uo/ U (Um): .........................................................................3
CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS .............................4
2.3.1 Design data..........................................................................................................4
2.3.2 Current carrying capacity .....................................................................................4
MINIMUM PERMISSIBLE CROSS SECTIONS .................................................................4
VOLTAGE DROP LIMITS: ..................................................................................................7
3. CABLE SELECTION ....................................................................................................................9

CABLE SELECTION BASED ON CURRENT RATING ......................................................9
CABLE SELECTION AND COORDINATION WITH OVERCURRENT PROTECTION ...11
4. POWER LOSS CALCULATION .................................................................................................13

POWER LOSS CALCULATION ........................................................................................13
ANNEXURE I: CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY CALCULATION..................................................14
ANNEXURE II: VOLTAGE DROP AND POWER LOSSES CALCULATION ......................................41
ATTACHMENT I: CABLE SPECIFICATION ........................................................................................78
ATTACHMENT II: IEC 60287 SUMMARIZE TABLE ...........................................................................81

Revision C
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DIVISION

CABLE SIZING AND VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION
1. INTRODUCTION
GENERAL BACKGROUND
5MWp PV solar power plant is placed in Ratchaburi Province, Thailand. The PV power plants are
developing by Sermsang Solar Co., Ltd
The Project will use fixed solar flat panel, each with Poly silicon technology rated 325 Wp Sharp
manufacture and convert radiant energy from the sun into DC power. The DC power is then combined
from all the panels in a given area, and then converted to AC power via the inverters which are each
rated at 1000 kW (SMA Sunny Central 1000CP XT). The supply of electricity from the inverters to the
grid will be done through high efficiency step-up transformer and 22kV switchgear then connect to 22kV
PEA grid.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Plant Single Line Diagrams are the basis for electrical generation and distribution system.
 DWG No. SS-SSA-E-1001 22kV Single Line, Relaying and Metering Diagram
 DWG No. SS-SSA-E-1002 DC Single Line Diagram
 DWG No. SS-SSA-E-1003 AC LV Single Line Diagram
PURPOSE OF THE REPORT
This report specifies permissible cross-sections of power cables for serving the MV and LV systems as
normal operating conditions and under short-circuit conditions.
Revision C

2. CABLE CROSS SECTION CALCULATION
GENERAL
The calculations in this report are performed in accordance with;
 IEC 60228 Conductors of insulated cables

 IEC 60364-5-52 Electrical installations of buildings Part 5 : Selection and erection of electrical
equipment- wiring systems
 IEC 60502 Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages
from 1 kV up to 30 kV
 IEC 60287 Electric cables – Calculation of the current rating
For sizing of power cables, the following conditions are considered;
 Current carrying capacity under normal conditions.

 Short-circuit conditions.
 Voltage Drop during normal operation.
 Cable Power Losses
The following installations are to be considered;
 In air; on ladder, trays or racks in buildings or cable trenches.

 Underground in duct.
BASIC CONSIDERATION
2.2.1 Network electrical characteristics
a) Rated Voltage:
• 22kV AC, 3 Phase, 3 wires
• 400V AC, 3 Phase, 3 wires
• 1,000V DC, 2 wires
b) Frequency 50Hz
2.2.2 Cable characteristics
a) Cable rated voltages Uo/ U (Um):
• 25 kV XLPE, Aluminum, Spaced Aerial Cable for 22 kV AC system

• 12/20 (24) kV XLPE, Copper, for 22 kV AC system
• 1.8/3 (3.6) kV XLPE, Copper, for 400V/230V AC system
• 0.6/1 (1.2) kV XLPE, Copper, for 400V/230V AC system
• 0.6/1 (1.2) kV XLPE, Copper, for DC system
• 0.9/1.8 kV Solar cable, Copper, for PV String, DC system
Where,
Uo: the rated power frequency voltage between conductor and earth or metallic
screen for which the cable is designed
U: the rated power frequency voltage between conductors for which the cable is
designed
U m: the maximum value of the "highest system voltage'' for which the equipment
may be used
Revision C

b) Cable type:
Power cables will be of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) and its maximum conductor
temperature is limited to 90°C/250°C under normal operation and short-circuits conditions.
25 kV XLPE, Aluminium, Spaced Aerial Cable for 22 kV AC system
Type : Single conductor up to 185 sq.mm.

Voltage : 25 kV suitable for use in nominal 22 kV system, non-
effectively grounded.
Conductor : Compact Aluminium
Insulation : Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) as per TIS 2341-
2555
Temperature : 90 deg. C at continuous load conditions and 250deg.C
under short circuit condition.
Insulation screen : Extruded semi-conducting compound
Armor : Unarmoured
Outer sheath : Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE)
12/20(24) kV, 22kV AC power cable

Voltage : 12/20 (24) kV suitable for use in nominal 22 kV
system, non-effectively grounded.
Conductor : Stranded annealed copper.
Insulation : Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) as per IEC 60502
Temperature : 90 deg. C at continuous load conditions and 250deg.C
under short circuit condition.
Insulation screen : Extruded semi-conducting compound with copper
tape shield
Armor : Unarmoured
Outer sheath : PVC Outer sheathed (extruded)
1.8/3(3.6) kV, 400V/230V AC

Voltage : 1.8/3(3.6) kV suitable for use in nominal 400/230V AC systems
Insulation : Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) as per IEC 60502-1
Temperature : 90 deg. C at continuous load conditions and 250 deg. C under
short circuit condition
Armor : Unarmoured
0.6/1(1.2) kV, 400V/230V AC

Voltage : 0.6/1(1.2) kV suitable for use in nominal 400/230V AC systems
Revision C

Armor : Unarmoured
0.6/1(1.2) kV, 1,000V DC

Voltage : 0.6/1(1.2) kV suitable for use in nominal 1,000 V DC systems
Armor : Unarmoured
0.9/1.8 kV, 1,000V DC, PV Cable

Voltage : 0.9/1.5 kV suitable for use in nominal 1,000 V DC systems
Conductor : Fine wire annealed copper.
Insulation : Cross-linked copolymer with Waterproof as per TUV
Armor : Unarmoured
Outer sheath : Cross-linked copolymer with UV resistant
CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS
2.3.1 Design data
1) Ambient design temperature in air: 40 deg. C

2) PV solar cable where are installed under PV module will be considered 60 deg. C
3) Ambient design temperature in ground: 30 deg. C with refer to TIS, and PEA standards
4) Soil thermal resistivity 1.2 K m/W with refer to PEA standard, 0.9 meter laying depth for
MV cable and 0.6 meter laying depth for LV cable.
5) Conductor temperature under normal and short-circuit conditions: 90/250 deg. C
2.3.2 Current carrying capacity
The current carrying capacity has design complying with IEC 60287 has to be reduced due to
the ambient temperatures and accumulation of cables. This adaptation formulae given are
essentially literal and designedly leave open the selection of certain important parameters. These
may be divided into three groups:
 parameters related to construction of a cable (for example, thermal resistivity of
insulating material) for which representative values have been selected based on
published work;
 parameters related to the surrounding conditions, which may vary widely, the selection
of which depends on the country in which the cables are used or are to be used;
 parameters which result from an agreement between manufacturer and user and which
involve a margin for security of service (for example, maximum conductor temperature).
MINIMUM PERMISSIBLE CROSS SECTIONS
The mathematical formula is as follows according to IEC 60364-5-54.

Revision C

Where,
t = duration in seconds
S = cross-sectional area in square millimeters
I = effective short-circuit in A expressed as r.m.s. value
k = the factor k is determined from the below formula
ln 1
Where,
Qc = volumetric heat capacity of conductor material [J/°C mm3]
B = reciprocal of temperature coefficient of resistivity at 0°C for the conductor [°C]
Q20 = electrical resistivity of conductor material at 20 °C [Ω mm]
θi = initial temperature of conductor [°C]
θf = final temperature of conductor [°C]
. .
For copper: ln 1 = 143
. .
.
For Aluminium: ln 1 = 94
.
From above the minimum cross-sections shall be;
For MV cables:
1) For TR. feeders was selected copper conductor (25 kA for 0.2 Sec, relay setting by
instantaneous tripping)
S min = √ /
= √25000 0.2 /143
= 78.18 sq.mm.
Select ing = 95 sq.mm.
2) For Incomer feeders and outgoing power feeders was selected copper conductor (25kA
for 0.4 Sec, relay setting by instantaneous tripping)
S min = √ /
= √25000 0.4 /143
= 110.5 sq.mm.
Revision C

3) For Incomer feeders and outgoing power feeders was selected aluminium conductor (25
kA for 0.4 Sec, relay setting by instantaneous tripping)
S min = √ /
= √25000 0.4 /94
= 168.2 sq.mm.
For LV cables:
1) For incomer breaker feeders and outgoing power feeders was selected copper conductor
(29.69kA for 1 sec) The LV short circuit current will be considered at 6% voltage impedance
of 1250kVA step-up transformer.
Isc = VA transformer/ 1.732 x 405V x (%Z/100)
Isc = 1250x1000 / 1.732 x 405V x 0.06
Isc = 29.69
S min = √ /
= √29690 1 /143
= 207.62 sq.mm
Selecting = 240 sq.mm.
Hence selected cable size of incoming and outgoing are as follows:
Short circuit Cross-section Selecting minimum

Feeder
withstand capacity minimum (sq.mm.) cable size (sq.mm.)
MV feeder
25 kA , 0.4 sec 168.2 185
(Aluminium)
MV feeder (Copper)
25 kA , 0.4 sec 110.5 120
SWG
MV feeder (Copper)
25 kA , 0.2 sec 78.18 95
TR.
LV Feeder 29.67 kA , 1 sec 207.62 4x240 per phase
PEA have setting instantaneous overcurrent relay at max. fault 0.05 sec. The cables of power plant
enable to withstanding for 25kA 0.2 sec which will be satisfy.
VOLTAGE DROP LIMITS:
Voltage Drop during normal condition:
a) For three phase system
% √3 cos sin
Where,
%Vd = % Voltage drop (V)
V = System voltage (V)
I = Full load current (A)
R = AC resistance of cable (ohms/km)
Revision C

X = Reactance of Cable (ohms/km)

Cos θ = Power factor during running condition
L = Length of cable (km)
b) For DC system
100
% 2
Where,
R = DC resistance of cable (ohms/km)
The accumulating voltage drop of DC cables and AC cables shall not be over 3%.
Revision C

3. CABLE SELECTION
CABLE SELECTION BASED ON CURRENT RATING
The current rating for cables installation which are calculated using the data given from above
section and according to Annexure III, Single line diagram. The minimum cross section area for
the all selected cables shall be complied with section 2.3 above. The results are summarized on
following Table 3-1 below;
No. Feeder Name Selected Operating Installation Rate Result

Cable current, I (A) method installed (IT > I)
(sq.mm.) cable, IT (A)
1 22kV Distribution Line 3 x 1C-185 164.02 Overhead 410 Pass
to Switchgear (SWG) (SAC) with PEA
and Transformer (TR) standard
2 Switchgear to Riser 3 x 1C-120 164.02 Direct burial 299 Pass
Pole HDPE 110
mm conduit
install Trefoil
3 22kV TR Riser Pole to 3 x 1C-95 41 Direct burial 264 Pass
Step up Transformer HDPE 110
(TR) mm conduit
install Trefoil
4 TR to Inverter (INV) 3 x (4 x 1804.22 In Ladder 2,189 Pass
1C-240) 600 mm
install Trefoil
5 INV to String combiner 2 x 1C-95 237.7 Direct burial 292 Pass
box (SCB) HDPE 63
mm conduit
Flat Touch
6 SCB to PV-string 2 x 1C-4 10.8 Free air 32 Pass
along with
mounting
structure
Table 3-1: Selected cable cross section.
The result of voltage drop calculation given formula from above section are summarize in
following Table 3-2 below;
Revision C

No. Operating Voltage

Feeder Name voltage (V) drop, Vd (V) Vd (%)
1 22kV PEA Connection to 22,000 1.889 0.009
Outgoing Riser Pole
2 Riser Pole Outgoing to 22,000 1.862 0.008
Switchgear (SWG)
3 Switchgear (SWG) to Riser 22,000 1.862 0.008
Pole Incoming
4 Riser Pole Incoming to TR 22,000 37.789 0.172
Riser Pole
5 TR Riser Pole to 22,000 0.355 0.002
Transformer
6 TR to Inverter (INV) 405 1.539 0.380
7 INV to SCB 752 7.326 0.974
8 SCB to PV-string 752 4.197 0.558
Total Voltage Drop 1.914
Table 3-2: Results of voltage drop calculation

Revision C

CABLE SELECTION AND COORDINATION WITH OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
The PV modules are current limited sources but because they will be connected in parallel that
can be subjected to overcurrent caused by either multiple parallel adjacent strings as refer to
Figure 3-1: PV array diagram. In this report will provide a selection protection for DC system only,
except AC system that will descript in relay protection calculation report.
Figure 3-1: PV array diagram
String overcurrent protection shall be used:
((np - 1) x ISC_MOD) > IMOD_MAX_OCPR
The sizing of overcurrent protection shall be used for; PV string overcurrent protection:
In > 1.5 x ISC_MOD and
In < 2.4 x ISC_MOD and
In ≤ IMOD_MAX_OCPR
Where;
np : Number of parallel connected strings in a PV array
Revision C

IMOD_MAX_OCPR : PV module maximum overcurrent protection rating

ISC_MOD : Short circuit current of a PV module or PV string at Standard Test
Conditions (STC)
In : Nominal rating of an overcurrent protection device
The minimum cable sizes for PV array wiring, based on current carrying capacity, shall be based
upon a current rating calculated from In above.
The rating of overcurrent protection given formula from above are summarize in following 3-3
below.
No. Feeder Name ISC_MOD IMOD_MAX_OCPR 1.5 x ISC_MOD < In < 2.4 x Selected
(A) (A) protection
ISC_MOD
devices
1 PV string junction 9.24 (22-1) x 9.24 = 13.86 < In < 22.18 Fuse = 15A
box (SCB) 194.04
Table 3-3: Protection Devices rating for DC System

Revision C

4. POWER LOSS CALCULATION
POWER LOSS CALCULATION
The Power losses in a cable is mainly due to resistance heating of cable. It is given by the following
formula:
a) For three phase system
3 ^2
Where,
I = Full load current in circuit (A)
R = AC resistance of cable (ohms/km)
b) For DC system
Where,
I = Full load current in circuit (A)
R = DC resistance of cable (ohms/km)
Plant Capacity Factor (CF) = Guarantee Annual Output x 100% / Installed Capacity x (365 x 24)
Plant Capacity Factor (CF) = 7223782 x 100% (kWh)/ 4998.4 kW x (365 x24) = 16.50%
The power loss calculation which are calculated of loss in any cables using the data given from
voltage drop section. The results are summarized on following Table 4-1 below;
No. System Power Losses

(kW)
1 22kV System 5.309

2 400kV System 10.726
3 DC system 38.963
Total Losses 55.00
Table 4-1: Power losses of each circuit
Percent power losses = Plant Capacity Factor (CF) x Total power losses (kW) x (365 x24) /
Guarantee Annual Output (kWh)
Percent power losses = 16.50 % x 55.00 x (365 x 24) / 7223782 = 1.10 %
As per RFP, the design of the cable system should be the total losses are less than 1.5% on an
annual average basis, including the DC and the AC circuits.
Revision C

ANNEXURE I: CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY CALCULATION

5MW Solar Power Plant Cable Sizing Calculation
Revision No. C
CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY OF SINGLE CORE, XLPE INSULATED,
DIRECT BURIED POWER CABLES IN HDPE, TREFOIL FORMATION
ARRANGEMENT, SHEATHS BONDED AT ONE SIDE
CABLE TYPE: 22kV XLPE cable, 1x120sqmm/10, copper conductor,

copper-wire screened
CONNECTION: 22kV Switchgear to Riser Pole
GENERAL DATA: MATERIAL PERMITTIVITY tan-delta THERMAL RESISTIVITY

εr tanδ ρi
XLPE 2.5 0.008 3.5
PE 2.3 0.001 3.5
PVC 8.0 0.1 6.0
OFC-Paper,L.P. 3.3 0.004 5.0
Concrete 1.0
PVC-Pipes 7.0
RESISTIVITY TEMP. COEFFICIENT

20x10^-8 20
LEAD 21.4 0.004
COPPER 1.7241 0.00393
ALU(cond) 2.8264 0.00403
STEEL 13.8 0.0045
BRONZE 3.5 0.003
ALU(sheath) 2.84 0.00403
ASSUMPTIONS:
U  22000 (phase to phase voltage, V)

f  50 (system frequency, Hz)
ω  2  π f (angular frequency of system, Hz)
ω  314.159
dc  13.2 (external diameter of conductor, mm)
dc1  13.8 (diameter of conductor, including screen,mm)
tc  90 (max. operation temperature of the conductor, degC)
ts  70 (max. screen temperature, degC)
3
Rdc0  0.153  10 (D.C.resistance of the conductor at 20degC, /m)
3
Rdcs0  1.83 10 (D.C.resistance of the copper screen at 20degC, Ohm/m)
ks  1 (skin effect coefficient acc.to IEC60287-1-1-Table II)
kp  1 (proximity effect coefficient acc.to IEC60287-1-1-Table II)
3
αc  3.93 10 (temperature coefficient of copper at 20degC/K, IEC60287-1-1-Table I)
20
Cable sizing calculation 22kV Page 1/6

Revision No. C
8
ρms  1.7241 10 (electrical resistivity of metallic sheath at 20 degC, Ohm x m
20
IEC60287-1-1-Table I)
Di  25.1 (external diameter of insulation, excluding screen, mm)
εr  2.5 (relative permittivity of insulation, 50Hz, 60degC)
ρi  3.5 (thermal resistivity of insulation, Kxm/W)
tanδ  0.008 (loss factor of insulation)

D  25.7 (diameter below metallic sheath, mm)
tms  0.1 (thickness of metallic sheath, mm)
D  dc (thickness of insulation, conductor to metallic sheath, mm)
ti 
2
ti  6.25
dms  25.9 (outer diameter of metallic sheath, mm)

tcs  2 (thickness of outer covering, mm)
ρc  6 (thermal resisivity of outer covering, Kxm/W)
De  30.9 (external diameter of the cable, mm)
ρe  1.2 (thermal resistivity of earth, Kxm/W)
Lg  900 (distance from ground surface to cable axis, mm)
Dec  110 (external diameter of the pipe, mm)
ρp  3.5 (thermal resisivity of pipe, Kxm/W)
s1  110 (axial separation between two adjacent groups, mm)
te  30 (max. earth temperature, degC)

s2  De (axial spacing of the conductors, mm)
s2  30.9
n  1 (number of load-carrying conductors in the cable)
Doc  110 (the outside diameter of the duct, mm)
Dic  97.4 (the inside diameter of the duct, mm)
Nc  3 (number of number of loaded cables in the duct bank)
CALCULATIONS:
1 Calculation of losses
1.1. DC resistance of conductor
Δθ  tc  te (temperature rise of the conductor above the ambient temperature, degC)
Δθ  60
Rdc  Rdc0 1  αc  ( tc  20) (D.C.resistance of conductor at max.operating temperature, /m)

 20 

Revision No. C
4
Rdc  1.951  10
1.1.1 Skin effect factor ys
8  π f 7 (argument of a Bessel function used to calculate skin effect

xs   10  ks
Rdc
2
xs  0.644
4
xs 3
y s  y s  2.157  10
4
192  0.8 xs
1.1.2. Proximity effect factor yp for three-core cables and for three single-core cables
8  π f 7
xp   10  kp (argument of a Bessel function used to calculate proximity effect
Rdc
2
xp  0.644
4  2 2 
 
dc 
 0.312  
xp dc  1.18
y p      (proximity effect factor)

192  0.8 xp     s2 
4 s2 4
xp
 0.27
 192  0.8 xp
4 
3
y p  1.729  10
1.1.3 AC resistance of conductor

Rac  Rdc 1  y s  y p  (A.C. resistance of conductor at max. operating temperature, /m)
4
Rac  1.958  10
1.2 Dielectric losses (applicable to a.c. cables only)

The capacitance for circular conductors is given by:
εr 9 (capacitance of each conductor against the screen surrounding, F/m/phase)
Cc   10
18 ln
Di 

 dc 
 10
Cc  2.161  10
U
Uo  (voltage between conductor and metallic sheath, V)
3

Revision No. C
4
Uo  1.27  10
The dielectric loss per unit length in each phase is given by:
2
Wd  ω Cc Uo  tanδ (dielectric losses per unit length per phase, W/m)
Wd  0.088
1.3 Loss factor for sheath and screen (applicable to power frequency a.c. cables only)
λ11  0 (ratio of the losses in one sheath caused by circulating currents in the
sheath / losses in one conductor)
[for one end bonding, no circulation current can flow]
1.4 Single-core cables, with sheaths bonded at a single point or cross-bonded
Eddy-current losses
Rdcs  Rdcs0 1  ( ts  20)  Rdcs0 (D.C. resistance of the metallic sheath at 'ts' degC, Ohm/m)
 
3
Rdcs  1.997  10
ρmsts  ρms  1  ( ts  20)  αc

20
(electrical resistivity of the metallic sheath at ts degC)
20  
8
ρmsts  2.063  10
Formulae for β is given below:

1
in which:
4  π ω
β  β  138.338
1 7 1
ρmsts 10
Formulae for λ0, Δ and Δ are given below:

1 2
ω 7
in which: m1   10
Rdcs for m1is least than or equal 0.1, Δ and Δ
1 2
m1  0.016 can be neglected
Three single-core cables in trefoil formation
 m12   dms  2
λ0  3    4
 1  m12   2  s2 
λ0  1.303  10
 
Δ  0 Δ  0
1 2

Revision No. C
Formulae for gs is given below:
1.74
gs  1   tms    β  De 10
3
 1.6 gs  1
   1 
 De 
For single-core cables with sheaths bonded at a single point or cross-bonded the eddycurrent
loss factor is given by:
 β  tms 

4
Rdcs (ratio of the losses in one sheath caused by
 
 gs  λ0   1  Δ  Δ  
1
λ12  eddy currents in the sheath / losses in one
Rac 

1 2 12 
12 10    conductor)
3
λ12  1.329  10
λ1  λ11  λ12 (ratio of total losses in the metallic sheath)
3
λ1  1.329  10
NOTE: For cables with a wire screen and an equalising tape, or foil screen over the wires, the
eddycurrent losses are considered negligible.
1.5 Magnetic armour or reinforcement
λ2  0
2. Calculation of thermal resistances

2.1 Thermal resistance of the constituent parts of a cable, T1, T2 and T3
2.1.1 Thermal resistance between one conductor and sheath T1
 ln 1 
ρi 2  ti 
T1   (thermal resistance between one conductor and metallic sheath, Kxm/W)
2 π  dc 
T1  0.371
2.1.2 Thermal resistance between sheath and armour T2
T2  0 (thermal resistance per unit length of the bedding between sheath and armour, Kxm/W)
2.1.3 Thermal resistance of outer covering (serving) T3
De  dms
t  t  2.5
3 2 3
 2 t
ρc 3
T3   ln 1   (thermal resistance of outer covering, Kxm/W)
2 π  dms 
T3  0.169

Revision No. C
2.2 External thermal resistance T4
2.2.1 Thermal resistance between cable and duct (or pipe) T41
Constants, depending on the installations the values of which are given in IEC60287-2-1 table 4
Uc  1.87 Vc  0.312 Yc  0.0037
Uc (thermal restistance of soil,Kxm/W)

T41 
1  0.1( Vc  Yc te)  De
T41  0.811
2.2.2 Thermal resistance of the duct (or pipe) itself T42
  ln
ρp Doc   (thermal restistance induced by other group, Kxm/W)
T42  0.5 
π   Dic  
T42  0.068
2.2.3 External thermal resistance of the duct (or pipe) T43
2  Lg
u  u  16.364
Doc
T43  0.5
Nc ( ρe) 
 ln u 
2
u 1 
π
T43  1.998
T4  T41  T42  T43 (total thermal restistance of soil Kxm/W)
T4  2.876
3. Permissible current rating of cables
Δθ  Wd  [ 0.5 T1  n  ( T2  T3  T4 ) ]
I 
Rac  T1  n  Rac  ( 1  λ1 )T2  n  Rac  ( 1  λ1  λ2 )  ( T3  T4 )
I  299 A

Revision No. C
DIRECT BURIED POWER CABLES IN HDPE, TREFOIL FORMATION
ARRANGEMENT, SHEATHS BONDED AT ONE SIDE
CABLE TYPE: 22kV XLPE cable, 1x95sqmm/10, copper conductor, copper-wire

screened
CONNECTION: 22kV Transformer to Transformer Riser Pole

εr tanδ ρi
XLPE 2.5 0.008 3.5
PE 2.3 0.001 3.5
PVC 8.0 0.1 6.0
OFC-Paper,L.P. 3.3 0.004 5.0
Concrete 1.0
PVC-Pipes 7.0

20x10^-8 20
LEAD 21.4 0.004
COPPER 1.7241 0.00393
ALU(cond) 2.8264 0.00403
STEEL 13.8 0.0045
BRONZE 3.5 0.003
ALU(sheath) 2.84 0.00403
ASSUMPTIONS:

ω  314.159
3
3
kp  1 (proximity effect coefficient acc.to IEC60287-1-1-Table II)
3
20
Cable sizing calculation 22kV 95Sqmm Page 1/6

Revision No. C
8
20


ti 
2
ti  6.3

tcs  1.9 (thickness of outer covering, mm)
s2  De (axial spacing of the conductors, mm)
CALCULATIONS:
Δθ  tc  te (temperature rise of the conductor above the ambient temperature, degC)
Δθ  60
 20 
4
Rdc  2.461  10

Revision No. C
8  π f 7 (argument of a Bessel function used to calculate skin effect)

xs   10  ks
Rdc
2
xs  0.511
4
xs 3
y s  y s  1.357  10
4
192  0.8 xs
8  π f 7
xp   10  kp (argument of a Bessel function used to calculate proximity effect
Rdc
2
xp  0.511
4  2 2 
 
dc 
 0.312  
xp dc  1.18

192  0.8 xp     s2 
4 s2 4
xp
 0.27
 192  0.8 xp
4 
4
y p  9.415  10

Rac  Rdc 1  y s  y p  (A.C. resistance of conductor at max. operating temperature, /m)
4
Rac  2.467  10

The capacitance for circular conductors is given by:
εr 9 (capacitance of each conductor against the screen surrounding, F/m/phase)
Cc   10
18 ln
Di 

 dc 
 10
Cc  1.956  10
U
3
4
Uo  1.27  10

Revision No. C
The dielectric loss per unit length in each phase is given by:
2
Wd  0.079
λ11  0 (ratio of the losses in one sheath caused by circulating currents in the
sheath / losses in one conductor)
[for one end bonding, no circulation current can flow]
Eddy-current losses
 
3
Rdcs  1.997  10
ρmsts  ρms  1  ( ts  20)  αc

20
20  
8
ρmsts  2.063  10

1
in which:
4  π ω
β  β  138.338
1 7 1
ρmsts 10

1 2
ω 7
1 2
 m12   dms  2
λ0  3   
 1  m12   2  s2 
4
λ0  1.295  10
 
Δ  0 Δ  0
1 2
1.74
 tms    β  De 10
3
 1.6
gs  1     1 
gs  1
 De 

Revision No. C
 β  tms 

4
 
 gs  λ0   1  Δ  Δ  
1
Rac 

1 2 12 
12 10    conductor
3
λ12  1.049  10
3
λ1  1.049  10
λ2  0

 ln 1 
ρi 2  ti 
2 π  dc 
T1  0.41
De  dms
t  t  2.4
3 2 3
 2 t
ρc 3
2 π  dms 
T3  0.171

Revision No. C
Uc  1.87 Vc  0.312 Yc  0.0037

T41 
1  0.1( Vc  Yc te)  De
T41  0.837
  ln
T42  0.5 
π   Dic  
T42  0.068
2  Lg
u  u  16.364
Doc
T43  0.5
Nc ( ρe) 
 ln u 
2
u 1 
π
T43  1.998
T4  2.902
Δθ  Wd  [ 0.5 T1  n  ( T2  T3  T4 ) ]
I 
I  264 A

Revision No. C
POWER CABLES, IN TREFOIL FORMATION ARRANGEMENT AND IN
FREE AIR
CABLE TYPE: 1.8/3(3.6)kV XLPE cable, 1x240sqmm, copper conductor
CONNECTION: Step up Transformer to Inverter

εr tanδ ρi
XLPE 2.5 0.008 3.5
PE 2.3 0.001 3.5
PVC 8.0 0.1 6.0
OFC-Paper,L.P. 3.3 0.004 5.0
Concrete 1.0
PVC-Pipes 7.0

20x10^-8 20
LEAD 21.4 0.004
COPPER 1.7241 0.00393
ALU(cond) 2.8264 0.00403
STEEL 13.8 0.0045
BRONZE 3.5 0.003
ALU(sheath) 2.84 0.00403
ASSUMPTIONS:

ω  314.159
3
Rdc0  0.0754 10 (D.C.resistance of the conductor at 20degC, /m)
3
kp  0.8 (proximity effect coefficient acc.to IEC60287-1-1-Table II)
3
20
8
20
Cable sizing calculation 405V 240 Page 1/7

Revision No. C


di 
2
di  2

tcs  1.8 (thickness of outer covering, mm)
s2  1De (axial spacing of the conductors, mm)
s2  27.7
s1  2De (axial separation between two adjacent groups, mm)
Nc  4 (number cable circuits)
ta  40 (max. air temperature, degC)
Constants for three cables in trefoil formation in free air:

Z  0.96 (constant [IEC60287-2-1, Table 2])
E  1.25 (constant [IEC60287-2-1, Table 2])
g1  0.2 (constant [IEC60287-2-1, Table 2])
CALCULATIONS:
Δθ  tc  ta (temperature rise of the conductor above the ambient

temperature, degC)
Δθ  50

 20 
5
Rdc  9.614  10

Revision No. C
8  π f 7 (argument of a Bessel function used to calculate skin effect

xs   10  ks
Rdc
2
xs  1.307
4
xs 3
y s  y s  8.835  10
4
192  0.8 xs
(argument of a Bessel function used to calculate proximity effect

8  π f 7
xp   10  kp
Rdc
2
xp  1.046
4  2 2 
 
dc 
 0.312  
xp dc  1.18

192  0.8 xp     s2 
4 s2 4
xp
 0.27
 192  0.8 xp
4 
y p  0.011

Rac  Rdc 1  y s  y p  (A.C. resistance of conductor at max. operating temperature,
/m)
5
Rac  9.809  10
0.0241 εr 9 (capacitance of each conductor against the screen surrounding,

Cc   10
F/m/phase)
log 
Di

 dc1 
 10
Cc  7.157  10
U
3
Uo  233.827
2
5
Wd  9.835  10

Revision No. C
(ratio of the losses in one sheath caused by circulating currents in

λ11  0
the sheath/losses in one conductor (for one end bonding, no
circulation current can flow)
Eddy-current losses
 
3
Rdcs  1.997  10
ρmsts  ρms  1  ( ts  20)  αc

20
20  
8
ρmsts  2.063  10

1
in which:
4  π ω
β  β  138.338
1 7 1
ρmsts 10

1 2
ω 7
1 2
 m12   dms  2
λ0  3   
 1  m12   2  s2 
4
λ0  1.268  10
 
Δ  0 Δ  0
1 2
1.74
gs  1  
tms 
  β  De 10  1.6
3
  1 
gs  1
 De 

Revision No. C
 β  tms 

4
 
 gs  λ0   1  Δ  Δ  
1
Rac 

1 2 12 
12 10    conductor
3
λ12  2.582  10
3
λ1  2.582  10
λ2  0

 ln 1 
ρi 2  di 
2 π  dc 
T1  0.108
T2  0 (thermal resistance per unit length of the bedding between sheath and
armour, Kxm/W)
De  dms
t  t  2.4
3 2 3
 2 t
ρc 3 (thermal resistance of outer covering, Kxm/W)
T3   ln 1  
2 π  dms 
T3  0.182

Revision No. C

Cables laid in free air
Cables protected from direct solar radiation
the heat dissipation coefficient obtained either from the above formula using the
appropriate values of constants Z, E and g given in table 2, IEC60287-2-1
 Z E (heat dissipation coefficient)

h   
 
g1
 De 10 3 
 
h  3.217
 π De h  10   T1 
3
KA        T2  ( 1  λ1 )  T3  ( 1  λ1  λ2 )
 ( 1  λ1  λ2 )   n  
KA  0.081
Δθd  Wd 

1   1  T1  n λ2  T2 
   (factor for cables protected from solar
 ( 1  λ1  λ2 ) 2 ( 1  λ1  λ2 )  radiation)
6
Δθd  5.282  10
k1  2.538 (factor has to be changed until k3<0.001, starting with k1=2)
 1
 
  4

k  
Δθ Δθd 

  1  KA k1
k  2.538
k3  k  k1 (factor should be <0.001)
k3  0.0003
The thermal resistance T4 of the surroundings of a cable in air and protected from solar
radiation is given by the formula:
1
T4 
 
π De 10 3  h k (external thermal resistance, kxm/W)
T4  1.408

Revision No. C
Nc Δθ  Wd [ 0.5 T1  n  ( T2  T3  T4 ) ]
I 
I  2189 A

Revision No. C
DIRECT BURIED POWER CABLES IN HDPE, FLAT FORMATION
ARRANGEMENT
CABLE TYPE: 0.6/1 kV XLPE cable, 1x95sqmm
CONNECTION: SCB to Inverter

εr tanδ ρi
XLPE 2.5 0.008 3.5
PE 2.3 0.001 3.5
PVC 8.0 0.1 6.0
OFC-Paper,L.P. 3.3 0.004 5.0
Concrete 1.0
PVC-Pipes 7.0

20x10^-8 20
LEAD 21.4 0.004
COPPER 1.7241 0.00393
ALU(cond) 2.8264 0.00403
STEEL 13.8 0.0045
BRONZE 3.5 0.003
ALU(sheath) 2.84 0.00403
ASSUMPTIONS:

3
3
20
D  13.6 (diameter below sheath, mm)
D  dc (thickness of insulation, conductor to sheath, mm)

ti 
2
ti  1
Cable sizing calculation 750Vdc Page 1/4

Revision No. C
ts  1.5 (thickness of outer covering, mm)

CALCULATIONS:
1. DC resistance of conductor
The d.c. resistance per unit length of the conductor at its maximum operating temperature
Δθ  tc  te (temperature rise of the conductor above the ambient

temperature, degC)
Δθ  60

 20 
4
Rdc  2.461  10

2  ti 
 ln 1 
ρi
T1   (thermal resistance between one conductor and sheath, Kxm/W)
2 π  dc 
T1  0.089

Revision No. C
De  dms
t  t  1.85
3 2 3
 2 t
ρc 3
2 π  dms 
T3  0.23
Uc  1.87 Vc  0.312 Yc  0.0037

T41 
1  0.1( Vc  Yc te)  De
T41  1.08
  ln
T42  0.5 
π   Dic  
T42  0.068
2  Lg
u  u  19.048
Doc
T43  0.5
Nc ( ρe) 
 ln u 
2
u 1 
π
T43  1.39
T4  2.538

Revision No. C
2.3 Permissible current rating of cables (A)
Δθ
I 
Rdc T1  n  Rdc T2  n  Rdc ( T3  T4 )
I  292 A

Revision No. C
PV CABLE, IN FLAT FORMATION ARRANGEMENT AND IN
FREE AIR
CABLE TYPE: 1kV XLPE cable, 1x4sqmm, copper conductor,
CONNECTION: PV module to SCB

εr tanδ ρi
XLPE 2.5 0.008 3.5
PE 2.3 0.001 3.5
PVC 8.0 0.1 6.0
OFC-Paper,L.P. 3.3 0.004 5.0
Concrete 1.0
PVC-Pipes 7.0

20x10^-8 20
LEAD 21.4 0.004
COPPER 1.7241 0.00393
ALU(cond) 2.8264 0.00403
STEEL 13.8 0.0045
BRONZE 3.5 0.003
ALU(sheath) 2.84 0.00403
ASSUMPTIONS:

3
Rdc0  5.09 10 (D.C.resistance of the conductor at 20degC, /m)
3
20

D  3.8 (diameter below sheath, mm)
D  dc (thickness of insulation, conductor to sheath, mm)

ti 
2
ti  0.7
dms  3.8 (outer diameter of sheath, mm)

Revision No. C
ts  0.7 (thickness of outer covering, mm)

ta  60 (max. air temperature, degC)
Constants for sigle cable in tclipped direct in free air:

Z  1.69 (constant [IEC60287-2-1, Table 2])
E  0.63 (constant [IEC60287-2-1, Table 2])
g1  0.25 (constant [IEC60287-2-1, Table 2])
CALCULATIONS:
1. DC resistance of conductor
Δθ  tc  ta (temperature rise of the conductor above the ambient

temperature, degC)
Δθ  30
(D.C.resistance of conductor at max.operating
Rdc  Rdc0 1  αc  ( tc  20)
 20  temperature, /m)
Rdc  0.00649


2  ti 
 ln 1 
ρi
2 π  dc 
T1  0.256
T2  0 (thermal resistance per unit length of the bedding between sheath and
armour, Kxm/W)

De  dms
t  t  0.7
3 2 3
ρc  2 t
3 (thermal resistance of outer covering, Kxm/W)
T3   ln 1  
2 π  dms 
T3  0.3

Revision No. C

2.2.1 Cables laid in free air; Cables protected from direct solar radiation
the heat dissipation coefficient obtained either from the above formula using the
appropriate values of constants Z, E and g given in table 2, IEC60287-2-1
h   Z E (heat dissipation coefficient)

 
 
g1
 De 10 3 
 
h  6.923
 π De h 10 3  T1
KA        T2  ( 1 )  T3
 ( 1)   n  
KA  0.063
Δθd  0 This is a factor, having the dimensions of temperature difference,

to account for the dielectric losses. If the dielectric losses are
neglected, Δθd = 0.
k1  2.3 (factor has to be changed until k3<0.001, starting with k1=2)
 1
 
Δθ  Δθd   
4

k   
  1  KA k1
k  2.263
k3  k  k1 (factor should be <0.001)
k3  0.0373
The thermal resistance T4 of the surroundings of a cable in air and protected from solar
radiation is given by the formula:
1
T4 
 
π De 10 3  h k (external thermal resistance, kxm/W)
T4  3.908
Δθ
I 
Rdc T1  n  Rdc T2  n  Rdc ( T3  T4 )
I  32 A

Revision C

ANNEXURE II: VOLTAGE DROP AND POWER LOSSES CALCULATION

Cable Sizing Calculation Rev C
SSSA 5MW CABLE SIZING CALCULATION TABLE
Circuit Feeder LOAD CABLE

Current In Total Cable
Design Amp from VOLTAGE Voltage Drop Resistance
From To Capacity In Margine Calculation Select Type Max Carry R XL PF Length DROP RESULT Im>In (V) (Ohm) Power Loss (W)
IEC60287 Installation Application Current Im
(Calculation)
Item
2
No. kVA (A) core/mm (ohm/km) 0.8 (m) (%)
22kV System
1 22kV to PEA Connection Riser Pole Outgoing 5000 131.22 1.25 164.02 3 x 1C-185 Sq.mm. AL, SAC Overhead 410 * 0.2088 0.414406 36.87 20 0.009 Satisfy 1.889 0.004176 215.70
2 Riser Pole Outgoing 22kV Switchgear 5000 131.22 1.25 164.02 3 x 1C-120 Sq.mm. Cu, XLPE Underground 110 HPDE 299 0.1958 0.1291 36.87 35 0.008 Satisfy 1.862 0.006853 353.98
3 22kV Switchgear Riser Pole Incoming 5000 131.22 1.25 164.02 3 x 1C-120 Sq.mm. Cu, XLPE Underground 110 HPDE 299 0.1958 0.1291 36.87 35 0.008 Satisfy 1.862 0.006853 353.98
4 Riser Pole Incoming Riser Pole TR.2 5000 131.22 1.25 164.02 3 x 1C-185 Sq.mm. AL, SAC Underground 110 HPDE 410 * 0.2088 0.414406 36.87 400 0.172 Satisfy 37.789 0.083520 4,314.05
Sum %VD 0.197 Satisfy 5,237.71
Transformer
5 Riser Pole TR.1 TR No.1 1250 32.80 1.25 41.00 3 x 1C-95 Sq.mm. Cu, XLPE Underground 110 HPDE 264 0.2467 0.1333 36.87 15 0.001 Satisfy 0.236 0.003701 11.95
Avg %VD 0.002 Satisfy 0.355 71.68
Inverter
7 1250kVA Transformer 1 Inverter 1 1000 1443.38 1.25 1804.22 3x 4 x 1C-240 Sq.mm. Cu, XLPE In Cable Ladder 2189 0.0245 0.025925 36.87 15 0.326 Satisfy 1.319 0.000368 2,298.52
Avg %VD 0.380 Satisfy 1.539 10,726.41
1000Vdc System
Page 1 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
11 Inverter 1 Combiner box 1 143 190.16 1.25 237.70 2 x 1C-95 Sq.mm. Cu, CV Underground 63 HPDE 292 0.2461 - - 110.5 1.375 Satisfy 10.342 0.027194 983.35
12 Inverter 1 Combiner box 2 143 190.16 1.25 237.70 2 x 1C-95 Sq.mm. Cu, CV Underground 63 HPDE 292 0.2461 - - 84 1.045 Satisfy 7.862 0.020672 747.53
20 Inverter 2 Combiner box 1 143 190.16 1.25 237.70 2 x 1C-95 Sq.mm. Cu, CV Underground 63 HPDE 292 0.2461 - - 129.2 1.608 Satisfy 12.093 0.031796 1,149.77
Page 2 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
36 Inverter 3 Combiner box 8 143 190.16 1.25 237.70 2 x 1C-95 Sq.mm. Cu, CV Underground 63 HPDE 292 0.2461 - - 129 1.606 Satisfy 12.074 0.031747 1,147.99
Avg %VD 0.974 Satisfy 7.326
Combiner box PV String
50 SCB-01-01-01 ST01010101 6.50 8.64 1.25 10.80 2 x 1C-4 Sq.mm. Cu, CV Along with PV mounting 32 6.49 - - 46 0.686 Satisfy 5.161 0.298540 22.30
51 ST01010102 6.50 8.64 1.25 10.80 2 x 1C-4 Sq.mm. Cu, CV Along with PV mounting 32 6.49 - - 46 0.686 Satisfy 5.161 0.298540 22.30
Page 3 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
Page 4 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
Page 5 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
Page 6 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
Page 7 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
159 ST01010522
Page 8 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
Page 9 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
Page 10 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
247 ST01010922
Page 11 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
269 ST02020122 23
Page 12 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
291 ST02020222 14
Page 13 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
313 ST02020322 23
Page 14 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
335 ST02020422
Page 15 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
357 ST02020522
Page 16 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
379 ST02020622
Page 17 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
401 ST02020722
Page 18 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
423 ST02020822
445 ST02020922
Page 19 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
Page 20 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
Page 21 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
Page 22 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
533 ST03030422 32
Page 23 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
555 ST03030522 32
Page 24 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
577 ST03030622 32
Page 25 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
599 ST03030722
Page 26 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
621 ST03030822
Page 27 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
643 ST03030922
Page 28 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
Page 29 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
709 ST04040322 6.50 8.64 1.25 10.80 2 x 1C-4 Sq.mm. Cu, CV Along with PV mounting 34 6.49 - - 16 0.239 Satisfy 1.795 0.103840
Page 30 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
Page 31 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
753 ST04040522
Page 32 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
775 ST04040622
Page 33 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
797 ST04040722
Page 34 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
819 ST04040822
Page 35 of 36

(Calculation)
Item
2
841 ST04040922 -
Avg String Cable 0.558 Satisfy 4.197 38,963.08
Sum. AC %VD 0.579 Satisfy Total Energy Loss (kWh) 55.00
Sum. DC %VD 1.532 Satisfy Annual Energy Loss (kWh) 79.48
Total %VD 1.914 Satisfy Total Power Loss (%) 1.100
Page 36 of 36
Revision C

ATTACHMENT I: CABLE SPECIFICATION

CABLE CHARACTERISTIC
Nominal cross-sectional area of conductor mm²

YK FD-0.6/1KV-CV
1x95 mm²
1.8/3KV-CV
1x240 mm²
12/20KV-CV
1x95 mm²
12/20KV-CV
1x120 mm²
25KV-CC
1x185 mm²
Min. number of wires in conductor 15 34 15 18 30

Diameter of conductor ± 1% mm. 11.6 18.7 11.6 13.2 16.1
Thickness of conductor screen (min. avg.) mm. - 0.3 0.3 0.3
Thickness of insulation (min. avg.) mm. 1.1 2 5.5 5.5 3.175
Range of diameter over insulation, approx. mm. 13.7 22.7 23.6 25.1 23.3
Thickness of insulation screen (min. avg.) mm. - - 0.3 0.3 -
Thickness of metallic screen, approx. mm - 0.1 0.1 0.1 -
Thickness of non-metallic sheath mm. 1.5 1.8 1.9 2 3.175
Overall diameter, approx. mm. 17.3 27.3 29.2 30.9 29.9
Max. dc resistance of conductor at 20°C Ω/km 0.193 0.0754 0.193 0.153 0.164
Maximum current rating in free air at 40°C
Laying Space A 391 715 463 537 467
Laying Trefoil A 298 567 406 470 -
Laying Touching A 311 586 416 481 -
Maximum current rating in ground at 30°C A 318 480 314 358 -
หมายเหตุ : ผลิตตามแบบข้อกําหนดทางวิศวกรรมของการไฟฟ้ านครหลวง
และอ้างอิงความหนาผนังท่อตามมาตรฐาน DIN 8074/8075 ท่อมาตรฐานอืน่ ๆ ผลิตตามสัง่
ID = เส้นผ่านศูนย์กลางภายใน (มม.) OD = เส้นผ่านศูนย์กลางภายนอก (มม.)
PN = ชัน้ แรงดัน (บาร์) T= ความหนา (มม.)
W= นํ้าหนัก (กก./ม.)

Revision C

ATTACHMENT II: IEC 60287 SUMMARIZE TABLE

– 30 – 60287-1-1 © IEC:2006
⎛ ⎞
⎜⎜ 1 − R λ1′ ⎟⎟
⎝ Rs ⎠
where λ1′ is obtained from 2.3.1.
2.4.3 Losses in steel pipes
The loss in steel pipes is given by two empirical formulae, one for cables where the cores are
bound in close trefoil formation and the other for cables where the cores are placed in a more
open configuration (cradled) on the bottom of the pipe. Actual cores in service probably
approximate to a configuration somewhere between the two. It is considered that the losses
should be calculated for each configuration and a mean value used:
NOTE These formulae have been empirically obtained in the United States of America and at present apply only
to pipe sizes and steel types used in that country.
⎛ 0,011 5 s − 0,001 485 d d ⎞ −5

λ 2 = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ 10 for closely bound triangular configurat ion
⎝ R ⎠
⎛ 0,004 38 s + 0,002 26 d d ⎞ −5
λ 2 = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ 10 for the open or cradled formation
⎝ R ⎠
where
s is the axial spacing of adjacent conductors (mm);
d d is the internal diameter of pipe (mm);
R is the a.c. resistance per unit length of the conductor at maximum operating temperature
(Ω/m).
The formulae given apply to a frequency of 60 Hz. For 50 Hz, each formula should be
multiplied by 0,76.
For pipe-type cables, where flat-wire armour is applied over all three cores after they are laid
up, the losses are independent of the presence of the pipe. For such cables, the losses in the
armour are to be calculated as for SL type cables (see 2.4.2.3.2 and the losses in the pipe are
to be ignored).
Table 1 – Electrical resistivities and temperature coefficients

of metals used
Material Resistivity (ρ) Temperature

ohm ⋅ m at 20 °C coefficient (α 20 )
per K at 20 °C
a) Conductors
Copper 1,724 1 10 –8 3,93 10 –3
Aluminium 2,826 4 10 –8 4,03 10 –3
b) Sheaths and armour

Lead or lead alloy 21,4 10 –8 4,0 10 –3
Steel 13,8 10 –8 4,5 10 –3
Bronze 3,5 10 –8 3,0 10 –3
Stainless steel 70 10 –8 Negligible
Aluminium 2,84 10 –8 4,03 10 –3
NOTE Values for copper conductors are taken from IEC 60028.
Value for aluminium conductors are taken from IEC 60889.
60287-1-1 © IEC:2006 – 31 –
Table 2 – Skin and proximity effects –

Experimental values for the coefficients k s and k p
Type of conductor Whether dried and ks kp

impregnated or not
Copper
Round, stranded Yes 1 0,8
Round, stranded No 1 1
Round, segmental a 0,435 0,37
Hollow, helical stranded Yes b 0,8
Sector-shaped Yes 1 0,8
Sector-shaped No 1 1
Aluminium d
Round, stranded Either 1

Round, 4 segment Either 0,28
Segmental with peripheral strands Either c
a The values given apply to conductors having four segments (with or without central duct) and sectional areas
less than 1 600 mm 2 . These values apply to conductors in which all the layers of wire have the same
direction of lay. The values are provisional and the subject is under consideration.
b The following formula should be used for k s :
2
⎛ d ′ − d i ⎞ ⎛ d c′ + 2d i ⎞
k s = ⎜⎜ c ⎟⎜
⎟⎜
⎟
⎟
⎝ d c′ + d i ⎠ ⎝ d c′ + d i ⎠
where
d i is the inside diameter of the conductor (central duct) (mm);
d c is the outside diameter of the equivalent solid conductor having the same central duct (mm).
c The following formula should be used to calculate k s for cables having a conductor which consists of a
central segmental portion surrounded by one or more layers of strands.
{
k s = 12c [(αc − 0,5)
2
] (
+ (αc − 0,5 )(ψ − α )c + 0,33(ψ − α )2 c 2 + b 3 − 6b + 4b 2 )} 0,5
where
b is the ratio of the total cross-sectional area of the peripheral strands to the total cross-sectional area of the
complete conductor;
c is the ratio of the total cross-sectional area of the segmental conductor to the total cross-sectional area of
the complete conductor, c = (1 −b ).
1
α=
(1 + sin π / n )2
2π / n + 2 / 3
ψ=
2(1 + π / n )
where
n is the number of segments.
This formula is applicable to aluminium conductors up to 1 600 mm 2 .
If the total cross-sectional area of the peripheral strands exceeds 30 % of the total cross-sectional area of
the conductor, then k s may be regarded as unity.
d Although there are no accepted experimental results dealing specifically with the coefficient k p for
aluminium conductors, it is recommended that, for stranded aluminium conductors, the values given for
similar copper conductors are used.
– 32 – 60287-1-1 © IEC:2006
Table 3 – Values of relative permittivity and loss factors for the insulation of high-
voltage and medium-voltage cables at power frequency
1 2 3
Type of cable ε tan δ*
Cables insulated with impregnated paper

Solid type, fully-impregnated, pre-impregnated or mass-impregnated non-draining 4 0,01
Oil-filled, self-contained a up to Uo = 36 kV 3,6 0,003 5
up to Uo = 87 kV 3,6 0,003 3
up to Uo = 160 kV 3,5 0,003 0
up to Uo = 220 kV 3,5 0,002 8
Oil-pressure, pipe-type b 3,7 0,004 5

External gas-pressure c 3,6 0,004 0
Internal gas-pressure d 3,4 0,004 5
Cable with other kinds of insulation

Butyl rubber 4 0,050
EPR e
up to and including 18/30 (36) kV cables 3 0,020
greater than 18/30 (36) kV cables 3 0,005
PVC e 8 0,1
PE (HD and LD) e 2,3 0,001
XLPE e
up to and including 18/30 (36) kV cables (unfilled) 2,5 0,004
greater than 18/30 (36) kV cables (unfilled) 2,5 0,001
greater than 18/30 (36) kV cables (filled) 3,0 0,005
PPL
equal to, or greater than 63/110 kV cables 2,8 0,001 4
* Safe values at maximum permissible temperature, applicable to the highest voltages normally specified for
each type of cable.
a See IEC 60141-1.
b See IEC 60141-4.
c See IEC 60141-3.
d See IEC 60141-2.
e See IEC 60502-1 and IEC 60502-2.
NOTE The dielectric loss should be taken into account for values of U o equal to or greater than the following:
Uo
Type of cable
kV
Cables insulated with impregnated paper

Solid-type 38
Oil-filled and gas-pressure 63,5
Cables with other types of insulation
Butyl rubber 18
EPR 63,5
PVC 6
PE (HD and LD) 127
XLPE (unfilled) 127
XLPE (filled) 63,5
60287-1-1 © IEC:2006 – 33 –
Table 4 – Absorption coefficient of solar radiation

for cable surfaces
Material σ
Bitumen/jute serving 0,8

Polychloroprene 0,8
PVC 0,6
PE 0,4
Lead 0,6
___________
60287-2-1 © IEC: 1994+A1:2001 – 55 –
+A2:2006
Table 1 – Thermal resistivities of materials
Material Thermal resistivity (ρ T )
Km/W
Insulating materials*
Paper insulation in solid type cables 6,0
Paper insulation in oil-filled cables 5,0
Paper insulation in cables with external gas pressure 5,5
Paper insulation in cables with internal gas pressure:
a) pre-impregnated 5,5
b) mass-impregnated 6,0
PE 3,5
XLPE 3,5
PPL 5,5
Polyvinyl chloride:
up to and including 3 kV cables 5,0
greater than 3 kV cables 6,0
EPR:
Butyl rubber 5,0
Rubber 5,0
Protective coverings
Compounded jute and fibrous materials 6,0
Rubber sandwich protection 6,0
Polychloroprene 5,5
PVC:
PVC/bitumen on corrugated aluminium sheaths 6,0
PE 3,5
Materials for duct installations
Concrete 1,0
Fibre 4,8
Asbestos 2,0
Earthenware 1,2
PVC 6,0
PE 3,5
* For the purposes of current rating calculations, the semiconducting screening materials
are assumed to have the same thermal properties as the adjacent dielectric materials.
Where plastic or elastomeric materials are used for protective coverings, the thermal
resistivities shall be taken to be the same as those for the insulating grades of the
materials given in this table.
– 56 – 60287-2-1 © CEI: 1994+A1:2001
+A2:2006
Tableau 2 – Valeurs des constantes Z , E et g pour les surfaces noires

des câbles à l'air libre
2 a) – Installation sur des consoles non continues, supports ou brides, De* inférieur à 0,15 m
N° Installation Z E d Mode
1 Un seul câble 1) 0,21 3,94 0,60
2 Deux câbles jointifs horizontaux 0,29 2,35 0,50
3 Trois câbles posés en trèfle 0,96 1,25 0,20
4 Trois câbles jointifs horizontaux 0,62 1.95 0,25
5 Deux câbles jointifs, verticaux 1,42 0,86 0,25
6 Deux câbles espacés de D e* , verticaux 0,75 2,80 0,30
7 Trois câbles jointifs, verticaux 1,61 0,42 0,20
8 Trois câbles espacés de D e* , verticaux 1,31 2,00 0,20
1) Les valeurs données pour «un seul câble» s'appliquent aussi à tous les câbles d'un groupe lorsqu'ils sont
séparés horizontalement par un intervalle d'au moins 0,75 voir le diamètre extérieur du câble.
2 b) – Attachés directement à une paroi verticale ( De* inférieur à 0,08 m)
9 Un seul câble 1,69 0,63 0,25
10 Trois câbles posés en trèfle 0,94 0,79 0,20

60287-2-1 © IEC: 1994+A1:2001 – 57 –
+A2:2006
Table 2 – Values for constants Z , E and g for black surfaces

of cables in free air
2 a) – Installation on non-continuous brackets, ladder supports or cleats, De* not greater

than 0,15 m
g
No. Installation Z E d Mode
1 Single cable 1) 0,21 3,94 0,60
2 Two cables touching, horizontal 0,29 2,35 0,50
3 Three cables in trefoil 0,96 1,25 0,20
4 Three cables touching, horizontal 0,62 1.95 0,25
5 Two cables touching, vertical 1,42 0,86 0,25
6 Two cables spaced, D e* vertical 0,75 2,80 0,30
7 Three cables touching, vertical 1,61 0,42 0,20
8 Three cables spaced, D e* vertical 1,31 2,00 0,20
1) Values for a "single cable" also apply to each cable of a group when they are spaced horizontally with a
clearance between cables of at least 0,75 times the cable overall diameter.
2 b) – Clipped direct to a vertical wall ( De* not greater than 0,08 m)
9 Single cable 1,69 0,63 0,25
10 Three cables in trefoil 0,94 0,79 0,20

– 58 – 60287-2-1 © CEI: 1994+A1:2001
+A2:2006
Tableau 3 – Coefficient d'absorption des rayons solaires pour les surfaces

de câble suivantes
Matériaux σ
Bitume/jute 0,8
Polychloroprène 0,8
PVC 0,6
PE 0,4
Plomb 0,6
Tableau 4 – Valeurs des constantes U, V et Y
Conditions d'installation U V Y
En conduit métallique 5,2 1,4 0,011
En fourreau de fibre dans l'air 5,2 0,83 0,006
En fourreau de fibre dans le béton 5,2 0,91 0,010
En fourreau d'amiante-ciment:
dans l'air 5,2 1,2 0,006
dans le béton 5,2 1,1 0,011
Câble à gaz en tuyau 0,95 0,46 0,0021
Câble à huile en tuyau 0,26 0,0 0,0026
Fourreaux en matière plastique 1,87 0,312 0,0037
Fourreaux en terre cuite 1,87 0,28 0,0036
60287-2-1 © IEC: 1994+A1:2001 – 59 –
+A2:2006
Table 3 – Absorption coefficient of solar radiation

for cable surfaces
Material σ
Bitumen/jute serving 0,8

Polychloroprene 0,8
PVC 0,6
PE 0,4
Lead 0,6
Table 4 – Values of constants U, V and Y
Installation condition U V Y
In metallic conduit 5,2 1,4 0,011
In fibre duct in air 5,2 0,83 0,006
In fibre duct in concrete 5,2 0,91 0,010
In asbestos cement:
duct in air 5,2 1,2 0,006
duct in concrete 5,2 1,1 0,011
Gas pressure cable in pipe 0,95 0,46 0,0021
Oil pressure pipe-type cable 0,26 0,0 0,0026
Plastic ducts 1,87 0,312 0,0037
Earthenware ducts 1,87 0,28 0,0036

Solar Cable Sizing Calculation

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REF. No.

PROJECT 4.9985 MWp SOLAR FARM PROJECT for WVO

TITLE CABLE SIZING AND VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION

THIS DOCUMENT IS A CABLE SIZING AND VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION

SIWARUT SIWARUT LAKSAMEE YOSHIMI

SIWARUT SIWARUT LAKSAMEE YOSHIMI

SIWARUT SIWARUT LAKSAMEE YOSHIMI

SIWARUT SIWARUT LAKSAMEE YOSHIMI

ISSUE PURPOSE DISTRIBUTION ISSUED BY;

FOR REVIEW DATE OCT 17, 2018

2. CABLE CROSS SECTION CALCULATION ................................................................................3

3. CABLE SELECTION ....................................................................................................................9

4. POWER LOSS CALCULATION .................................................................................................13

ANNEXURE I: CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY CALCULATION..................................................14

ANNEXURE II: VOLTAGE DROP AND POWER LOSSES CALCULATION ......................................41

ATTACHMENT I: CABLE SPECIFICATION ........................................................................................78

ATTACHMENT II: IEC 60287 SUMMARIZE TABLE ...........................................................................81

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PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

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2. CABLE CROSS SECTION CALCULATION

The calculations in this report are performed in accordance with;

 IEC 60228 Conductors of insulated cables

For sizing of power cables, the following conditions are considered;

 Current carrying capacity under normal conditions.

The following installations are to be considered;

 In air; on ladder, trays or racks in buildings or cable trenches.

2.2.1 Network electrical characteristics

2.2.2 Cable characteristics

a) Cable rated voltages Uo/ U (Um):

• 25 kV XLPE, Aluminum, Spaced Aerial Cable for 22 kV AC system

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25 kV XLPE, Aluminium, Spaced Aerial Cable for 22 kV AC system

Type : Single conductor up to 185 sq.mm.

12/20(24) kV, 22kV AC power cable

Type : Single conductor up to 185 sq.mm.

1.8/3(3.6) kV, 400V/230V AC

Type : Single conductor up to 300 sq.mm.

0.6/1(1.2) kV, 400V/230V AC

Type : Single conductor up to 300 sq.mm.

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0.6/1(1.2) kV, 1,000V DC

Type : Single conductor up to 300 sq.mm.

0.9/1.8 kV, 1,000V DC, PV Cable

Type : Single conductor up to 4 sq.mm.

CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS

2.3.1 Design data

1) Ambient design temperature in air: 40 deg. C

2.3.2 Current carrying capacity

MINIMUM PERMISSIBLE CROSS SECTIONS

The mathematical formula is as follows according to IEC 60364-5-54.

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From above the minimum cross-sections shall be;

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Isc = VA transformer/ 1.732 x 405V x (%Z/100)

Isc = 1250x1000 / 1.732 x 405V x 0.06

Hence selected cable size of incoming and outgoing are as follows:

Short circuit Cross-section Selecting minimum

VOLTAGE DROP LIMITS:

Voltage Drop during normal condition:

a) For three phase system

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X = Reactance of Cable (ohms/km)