PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Offshore Pipe to Soil Interaction

(Amendment/Supplement to DNV OS F101, DNV RP F105, DNV
RP F109, DNV RP F110)

PTS 11.30.09
November 2015

© 2015 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the permission of the copyright
owner. PETRONAS Technical Standards are Company’s internal standards and meant for authorized users only.
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FOREWORD

PETRONAS Technical Standards (PTS) has been developed based on the accumulated knowledge,
experience and best practices of the PETRONAS group supplementing National and International
standards where appropriate. The key objective of PTS is to ensure standard technical practice across the
PETRONAS group.

Compliance to PTS is compulsory for PETRONAS-operated facilities and Joint Ventures (JVs) where
PETRONAS has more than fifty percent (50%) shareholding and/or operational control, and includes all
phases of work activities.

Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers who use PTS are solely responsible in ensuring the quality of work,
goods and services meet the required design and engineering standards. In the case where specific
requirements are not covered in the PTS, it is the responsibility of the
Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers to propose other proven or internationally established standards or
practices of the same level of quality and integrity as reflected in the PTS.

In issuing and making the PTS available, PETRONAS is not making any warranty on the accuracy or
completeness of the information contained in PTS. The Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers shall ensure
accuracy and completeness of the PTS used for the intended design and engineering requirement and
shall inform the Owner for any conflicting requirement with other international codes and technical
standards before start of any work.

PETRONAS is the sole copyright holder of PTS. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, recording or
otherwise) or be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever, without the prior written
consent of PETRONAS.

The PTS shall be used exclusively for the authorised purpose. The users shall arrange for PTS to be kept in
safe custody and shall ensure its secrecy is maintained and provide satisfactory information to PETRONAS
that this requirement is met.
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ANNOUNCEMENT

Please be informed that the entire PTS inventory is currently undergoing transformation exercise from
2013 - 2015 which includes revision to numbering system, format and content. As part of this change,
the PTS numbering system has been revised to 6-digit numbers and drawings, forms and requisition to 7-
digit numbers. All newly revised PTS will adopt this new numbering system, and where required make
reference to other PTS in its revised numbering to ensure consistency. Users are requested to refer to
PTS 00.01.01 (Index to PTS) for mapping between old and revised PTS numbers for clarity. For further
inquiries, contact PTS administrator at ptshelpdesk@petronas.com.my
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Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………………………………..5
1.1 SCOPE .................................................................................................................................. 5
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERM ............................................................................................................ 5
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES ..................................................................................................... 6
2.0 AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO DNV-OS-F101……………………………………………………..7
3.0 AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO DNV-RP-F105……………………………………………………..9
4.0 AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO DNV-RP-F109……………………………………………………10
5.0 AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO DNV-RP-F110……………………………………………………11
6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………………………………………………….12
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1.0 INTRODUCTION

This PTS specifies the minimum design consideration and guidance for on-bottom stability,
dynamic riser and spanning design for submarine rigid pipelines subjected to soil movement,
termed pipe-soil interaction.

This PTS adopts DNV-OS-F101, DNV-RP-F109, DNV-RP-F105 and DNV-RP-F110 with additional
requirements as an amendment and supplement based on PETRONAS lessons learnt and best
practices.

1.1 SCOPE
This PTS covers pipe to soil interaction for offshore rigid pipelines to be used for pipeline
engineering.

This PTS excludes pipe-soil interaction on hard soil, i.e. rock.

Pipe-soil interaction model shall be based on survey parameters obtained using PTS 11.30.06.

1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERM

1.2.1 General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations

Refer to PTS Requirements, General Definition of Terms, Abbreviations & Reading Guide PTS
00.01.03 for General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations.

1.2.2 Specific Definition of Terms

No Terms Description

Refers to soil that is hard to break up when dry and exhibits

1 1 Cohesive Soil significant cohesion when submerged. This includes silty
clay, sandy clay, clayey silt, clay and organic clay.

Refers to soil that its particle lie side by side without

2 2 Non-Cohesive Soil
bonding. This includes gravel and sand.

Table 1 : Specific Definition of Terms

1.2.3 Specific Abbreviations

No Abbreviation Description

1 Fl Lift Force

2 OS Offshore Standard

3 RP Recommended Practice
4 Ws Submerged Weight
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No Abbreviation Description

5 Z Penetration Depth

6 ɤs Soil Unit Weight

Table 2 : Specific Abbreviations

1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This is a new PTS.
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2.0 AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO DNV-OS-F101

In this section, the reference clauses of DNV-OS-F101 are amended or supplemented, existing
clause is deleted or new sections are added as mentioned. Clauses of DNV-OS-F101 that are not
mentioned in this PTS shall apply and remain valid.

Section 5, E200, Clause 201

Delete the entire clause and replace with:

“For limit states influenced by the interaction between the pipeline and the soil, this interaction
shall be determined taking due account for all relevant parameters and the uncertainties related
to these.

The pipeline soil interaction (penetration, embedment, and lateral resistance) for non-cohesive
soil and cohesive soil shall make reference to the typical soil passive resistance model as in Figure
1 below.

Figure 1: Soil Passive Resistance Model

Source: Verley, R.L.P. and Sotberg, T., “Soil Resistance Model Pipelines Placed in Sandy Soil”, Aug. 1994

The lateral displacement Y1, Y2 and Y3 shall be taken as 0.02, 0.5 and 1.0 times pipe diameter,
respectively.

For axial resistance, the friction of coefficient for concrete coated pipe shall be taken as 0.6 for
non-cohesive soil and 0.2 for cohesive soil.”

Section 5, E200, Clause 209

Replace the entire clause with the following:

“For cohesive soil, the pipe-soil interaction above is valid within the following parameter range.
Prior to engineering, the following shall be checked. Any parameter outside these range shall be
verified by full scale test.
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Soil Undrained Shear Strength, Su: 0.8 – 70 KPa

Pipe Diameter, D: 0.2 – 1.0m (inclusive of concrete weight coating thickness)

Specific Weight of Pipe, s: 1.06 – 2.5

Initial Penetration Ratio, z/D: 0 – 0.35

Stability Parameter,

S = Fc/(D*Su) = 0.05 – 7.5, where Fc = (Ws-Fl)

G = Su/(D*ɤs)

Any parameter outside these range, provided the soil is classified as cohesive soil, the analysis
result shall be verified by full scale test. The full scale test shall be witnessed by qualified
independent third party inspection agency. The third party agency shall be approved by Owner.
Consultant/Contractor shall demonstrate that the level of uncertainty is acceptable. Standard
deviation methodology or any other reliable method is acceptable.”
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3.0 AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO DNV-RP-F105

In this section, the reference clauses of DNV-RP-F105 are amended or supplemented, existing
clause is deleted or new sections are added as mentioned. Clauses of DNV-RP-F105 that are not
mentioned in this PTS shall apply and remain valid.

Section 7, Clause 7.2.3

Add to this clause:

“The pipeline soil interaction (penetration, embedment, and lateral resistance) for non-cohesive
soil and cohesive soil shall make reference to the typical soil passive resistance model as in Figure
1 of this PTS.

The lateral displacement Y1, Y2 and Y3 shall be taken as 0.02, 0.5 and 1.0 times pipe diameter,
respectively.

For axial resistance, the friction of coefficient for concrete coated pipe shall be taken as 0.6 for
non-cohesive soil and 0.2 for cohesive soil.”

Appendix D, Clause D.1

Add new clause:

“D.1.3 Soil passive resistance shall be considered in the assessment of pipe-soil interaction.”
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4.0 AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO DNV-RP-F109

In this section, the reference clauses of DNV-RP-F109 are amended or supplemented, existing
clause is deleted or new sections are added as mentioned. Clauses of DNV-RP-F109 that are not
mentioned in this PTS shall apply and remain valid.

Section 3.4, Clause 3.4.5: Hydrodynamic Loads

Delete the 2nd paragraph and replace with:

“The pipeline soil interaction (penetration, embedment, and lateral resistance) for non-cohesive
soil and cohesive soil shall make reference to the typical soil passive resistance model as in Figure
1 of this PTS.

The lateral displacement Y1, Y2 and Y3 shall be taken as 0.02, 0.5 and 1.0 times pipe diameter,
respectively.

For axial resistance, the friction of coefficient for concrete coated pipe shall be taken as 0.6 for
non-cohesive soil and 0.2 for cohesive soil.”
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5.0 AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO DNV-RP-F110

In this section, the reference clauses of DNV-RP-F110 are amended or supplemented, existing
clause is deleted or new sections are added as mentioned. Clauses of DNV-RP-F110 that are not
mentioned in this PTS shall apply and remain valid.

Section 4, Clause 4.1 General

Add the following after 1st paragraph:

“The result of soil investigation shall be identified as cohesive or non-cohesive soil.”

Section 5, Clause 5.4.1: Detailed FE Analyses

Add this to the 1st section of item 2):

“The pipeline soil interaction (penetration, embedment, and lateral resistance) for non-cohesive
soil and cohesive soil shall make reference to the typical soil passive resistance model as in Figure
1 of this PTS.

The lateral displacement Y1, Y2 and Y3 shall be taken as 0.02, 0.5 and 1.0 times pipe diameter,
respectively.

For axial resistance, the friction of coefficient for concrete coated pipe shall be taken as 0.6 for
non-cohesive soil and 0.2 for cohesive soil.”
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6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

In this PTS, reference is made to the following standards/publications. Unless specifically

designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used, together with any
supplements/revisions thereto:

PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Index to PTS PTS 00.01.01

PTS Requirements, General Definition Of Terms, Abbreviations & Reading PTS 00.01.03
Guide

Offshore Pipeline Route Survey PTS 11.30.06

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

Submarine Pipeline System, October 2013 DNV-OS-F101

Free Spanning Pipelines, February 2006 DNV-RP-F105

On-Bottom Stability Design Of Submarine Pipeline, October 2010 DNV-RP-F109

Global Buckling Of Submarine Pipelines (Structural Design Due To High DNV-RP-F110

Temperature/High Pressure), October 2007