Assignment 3 GECMAT

Gauge Your Learning!

A. Use inductive reasoning to find a pattern and predict the number or figure in the list.
Then make a reasonable conjecture of the following:
1) 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 16, 22, 29?
 The number sequence is following a pattern by adding consecutive numbers
started from 0 to 7. To get the next number, add 8.
1+0=1
1+1=2
2+2=4
4+3=7
7+4=11
11+5=16
16+6=22
22+7=29
∴The next number is 29+8=37

2) 9, 12, 11, 14, 13, 16, 15, 18?

 The series of numbers above shows a pattern of the first number added by 3 to
get the second number and the sum will be subtracted to 1 to get the third
number. The difference will be added by 3 to get the fourth number and the sum
is subtracted by 1 to get the fifth number. Just repeat the pattern to get the next
number.
9+3=12
12-1 =11
11+3=14
14-1 =13
13+3=16
16-1 =15
15+3=18

∴ The next number is 18-1=17

3) −2, 3, −4, 5, −6, 7?

 The series of number show two different pattern, the first number was added – 2
to get the third number and add - 2 to get the fifth number. The second number
has a pattern of by adding 2. To get the next number, add
-2.

-2+(-2)= - 4
3+2 = 5
-4+(-2)= - 6
5+2 = 7
∴ The next number is – 6+(-2)= - 8
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 4) 2, 5, 10, 17, 26?
 The number sequence has a pattern that the number is added to consecutive odd
integers. The first number added to 3 to get the second number and the sum is
added by 5 to get the next number. Just follow the pattern to get the next number
2+3=5
5+5=10
10+7=17
17+9=26

∴The next number is 26+11=37

5)

 The emoji’s above show patterns of smile & sad faces and the blue eyes. The first
3 emoji’s are just the mirror of the next 3 emoji’s. The pattern is like a mirror
effect or a reflection. The blue eyes of 3 emoji’s are the reciprocal of the next 3
emoji’s.

∴The next emoji will be like this, .

B. Find a counterexample to show that each statement is false.

6) The sum of any three odd numbers is even

 3,5 and 7 are odd numbers, 3+5+7 the sum is 15. Therefore, the statement is false
because 15 is not an even number.
 3+5+7=15 False
7) When an even number is added to the product of two odd numbers, the result
will be even.
 An even number 2 is added to the product of two odd numbers which 3
and 5 the result is 17. Therefore, the statement is false because 17 is not
an even number.
 2+(3*5)= 2+15 = 17 False
8) When an odd number is squared and divided by 2, the result will be a whole
number.
 An odd number 3 is squared and divided by 2 the result is 4.50 or 4 ½.

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 Therefore, the statement is false because 4.50 or 4 ½ is not a whole
number.
 32 ÷ 2 = 9 ÷ 2 = 4.50 or 4 ½ False

C. Use inductive reasoning to make a conjecture about a rule that relates the number
you selected to the final answer. Prove your conjecture by using deductive
reasoning.
9) Pick a number:
12 Double it:
12*2 = 24
Subtract 20 from the answer: 24 – 20 = 4
Divided by 2: 4 ÷ 2 = 2
Subtract the original number: 2 – 12 = - 10
Result: - 10
10) Pick a number: 27
Multiply it by 9: 27*9 = 243
Add 21: 243 + 21 = 264
Divided by 3: 264 ÷ 3 = 88
Subtract three times the original number: 88 – 3(27) = 7
Result: 7
D. Determine whether the following statements are inductive or deductive reasoning.
Write our answer after each statement.
11) Every time you eat peanuts, you start to cough. You are allergic to peanuts.
 Inductive Reasoning
12) Every chicken we've seen has been brown. All chickens in this area must be brown.
 Inductive Reasoning
13) All brown dogs in the park today are small dogs. Therefore, all small dogs must
be brown.
 Inductive Reasoning
14) The chair in the living room is red. The chair in the dining room is red. The chair
in the bedroom is red. All the chairs in the house are red.
 Inductive Reasoning
15) Every day so far, the sun has risen in the East and set in the West. The sun will
probably continue to rise in the East and set in the West.
 Deductive Reasoning
16) A consumer products company accepts the premise that professional women are
overloaded with family and work responsibilities and strapped for time. From
this, they can be successful marketing hair coloring product that can be applied in
less time than their competition's hair coloring product.
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  Deductive Reasoning
17) The first two kids I met at my new school were nice to me. The students at this
school are really nice.
 Inductive Reasoning
18) A supermarket manager believes candy products are an impulse buy. She decides
that she can sell more by placing candy displays close to store entry paths.
 Deductive Reasoning
19) The first three candies that I ate out of the bag were chocolates. All of the candy
in the bag is chocolate.
 Inductive Reasoning
20) A recruiter conducts a study of recent hires who have achieved success and
stayed on with the organization. She finds that they graduated from three
local colleges, so she decides to focus recruiting efforts on those school.
 Deductive Reasoning
21) A food products company identifies a trend that shows consumers to favor
organic products. Its marketing department deduces it can boost sales by
increasing the size of the lettering for the word "organic" when redesigning
their packaging.
 Deductive Reasoning
22) A salesperson presents testimonials of current customers to suggest to
prospective clients that her products are high quality and worth the
purchase.
 Deductive Reasoning
23) A bartender becomes aware that customers give her higher tips when she shares
personal information, so she intentionally starts to divulge personal
information when it feels appropriate to do so.
 Deductive Reasoning
24) Cacti are plants and all plants perform photosynthesis; therefore, cacti perform
photosynthesis.
 Inductive Reasoning
25) We had rained each day for the last five days, so it will rain today.
 Inductive Reasoning

Challenge Yourself!

1. You are going to enclose a rectangular garden by using an existing fence along one
side of the garden and 2,240 feet of new fence on the other three sides. You want the
length of the rectangular garden to be five times as long as its width. What will be the
dimensions of the rectangular garden?

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Solution:

Given l = 5w

Case A: If the existing fence is along the width, w. Then the other three sides is equal to 2240
ft.

Let, l + w + l = 2240
5w + w + 5w = 2240
11w = 2240
11 11
w = 203.64
Then, l = 5w
=5(203.64)
l = 1018.20

Dimension: l * w
: 1018.20 * 203.64

Case B: If the existing fence is along the length, l. Then the other three sides is equal to 2240
ft.

Let, w + l + w = 2240
w + 5w + w = 2240
7w = 2240
7 7
w = 320
Then, l = 5b
= 5 (320)
l = 1600

Dimension: l * w
: 1600 * 320

2. Peter bought several notebooks at SN Store for ₱2.25 each and he bought a few more
notebooks at Assorted Store for ₱2.00 each. He spent the same amount of money in
both places and he bought 17 notebooks in total. How many notebooks did Peter buy
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in each store?

Let; x = The number of notebooks in SN Store and,

y = The number of notebooks in Assorted Store

→ x + y = 17
→ 2.25x = 2y
The first equation can be recorded
→ x+ y = 17
∴ x = 17 – y
Using the temporary value of x to the second equation we get
→ 2.25x = 2y
→ 2.25(17-y) = 2y
→ 38.25 – 2.25y = 2y
→ 38.25 = 2y + 2.25y
→ 38.25 = 4.25y
4.25 4.25
∴ y= 9

y = 9 → The number of notebooks in Assorted Store.

x = 17 – 9
x = 8 → The number of notebooks in SN Store.

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 Gauge Your Learning!

Solve the following problems using four steps in problem solving of George Polya. Show
complete solution.

1. Yvonne shipped some packages for her boss and can’t find the receipt, but she needs an
itemized list to get reimbursed. Here’s what she remembers: there were 12 packages
total, split between small flat-rate boxes for Php 5 each and medium flat- rate boxes for
Php 10.50 each. The total cost was about Php 110. How many of each type did she ship?

Step 1: Understand the problem

 The key information given is that there were 12 packages total, split between
small flat-rate boxes for Php 5.00 each and medium flat-rate boxes for Php
10.50 each. The total cost was about Php 110.00. How many of each boxes for
Php 5.00 each.

Step 2: Devise a plan to solve the problem

 The use of listing method or tabular method

Step 3: Carry out the plat to solve the problem

 Given: 12 packages and the overall cost was about Php 110.00. Therefore, there
are 9 medium flat-rate boxes for Php 10.50 each and 3 small flat-rate boxes for
Php 5.00 each.

Step 4: Check the answer

No. of
No. of
Number Small
Medium
of flat- Prices = Cost
flat-rate
packages rate
boxes
boxes
12 2 10 (2*5)+(10*10.50)=10+105=115
12 3 9 (3*5)+(9*10.50) =15+94.50=109.50
12 4 8 (4*5)+(8*10.50) =20+84=104
12 5 7 (5*5)+(7*10.50) =25+73.50=98.50
12 6 6 (6*5)+(6*10.50) =30+63=93

9+3 = 12 packages

(Php 10.50*9)+(Php 5.00*3) = Php 94.50 + Php 15.00 = Php 109.50 or Php 110
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2. The grade in Ma. Elena’s history class will be determined completely by three tests, each
worth 100 points. She scored 78 and 84 on the first two test, but still hopes to get an
Excellent grade, which would require an average of 92. What’s the minimum score she
can get on the third test?

Step 1: Understand the problem

 The key information given is that Ma. Elena’s scored 78 and 84 on the first two test and
require an average of 92. Finding the minimum score she can get on the third test.

Step 2: Devise a plan to solve the problem

 The use of listing method or tabular method

Step 3: Carry out the plat to solve the problem

 Average = sum of n numbers over n.
Let x be the minimum score in the third test
92= 78+84 + x
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 Her score are 78 and 84 on the first two test, 100 points are the number of items in
each and she is require to have an average of 92. Therefore, the minimum score she can
get on the third test is 100

Step 4: Check the answer

Score in test Sum of n number over 3 Required average
78+84+95=257 85.67 92
78+84+96=258 86 92
78+84+97=259 86.33 92
78+84+98=260 86.67 92
78+84+99=261 87 92
78+84+100=262 87.33 92

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3. Dave, Nora, Tony, and Andrea are members of the same family. Dave is 2 years older than
Andrea, who is 21 years older than Tony. Tony is 4 years older than Nora, who is 7 years
old. How old are Dave, Tony, and Andrea?

Step 1: Understand the problem

 The key information given is that Dave is 2 years older than Andrea, who is 21
years older than Tony. Tony is 4 years older than Nora, who is 7 years old. Find
the age of Dave, Tony, and Andrea.

Step 2: Devise a plan to solve the problem

 Guess and check

Step 3: Carry out the plat to solve the problem

 Nora’s age = 7
Dave’s age = a + 2 (Dave is 2 years older than Andrea)
Andrea’s age = t + 21 (21 years older than Tony)
Tony’s age = 4 + 7 (Tony is 4 years older than Nora who is 7 years old)
= 11 (Tony’s age now)
 Since Tony’s age is 4 years older than Nora which is 7 years old, so add 4 and 7
the sum is 11 (Tony’s age). For Andrea, it stated that she’s 21 years older than
Tony, so 21+11= 32 years old was Andrea’s age. Lastly for Dave, it stated that
he is 2 years older than Andrea, so 32+2=2+34 years old was Dave’s age.

Step 4: Check the answer

 Dave’s age = 32+2 = 34
Tony’s age = 4+7 = 11
Andrea’s age= 21+11=32

Dave’s age is 34 years old while Tony’s age is 11 years old and Andrea’s age is
32 years old.