Structural Design Process

• Exploration of structural forms

Structural Analysis • Preliminary design with initial estimates of
member sizes
• Structural analysis
• Refinement and optimisation
Qualitative Analysis of Structures
• Qualitative analysis of structures will be useful
during preliminary design
• This is often raised during job interviews

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Basic principles

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• Equilibrium
• Compatibility
• Boundary conditions 绷6
• Deformations
• Basic knowledge of BMD and SFD

Reference:
Brohn D, Understanding Structural Analysis, Second Edition, 1990 (or
newer edition).

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 Three-hinged arch
Original structure Moments about F

c.
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Internal forces on left part Reactions at A

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 Three-hinged arch

rfi
All support reactions BMD for columns

BMs at joints BMs of beam

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 Three-hinged arch
BMD Identify tension side

Rotations If h =0…

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 Three-hinged arch
Sidesway Deflection

Preliminary
results

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 Two-span continuous beam
Original structure

Deflection and reaction

BMD BMD
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3-span continuous beam with clamped end
Original structure

Deflection and reactions

BMD
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 Beam under partial UDL
BMD

Original structure

BMD BMD
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 Beam with overhang under partial UDL
Original structure

Deflection BMD

Original structure Deflection

BMD

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 Propped L-frame

Free

Original structure Frame without prop

Hinged

Deflection and reactions

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 Propped L-frame

Superposition BMD

Reactions and deflection

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 Portal frame with hinged supports

Original Roller
structure Reactions and BMD

Approx.

If there is no sidesway … If there is no sidesway …

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Portal frame with hinged supports

Effects of Hc BMD

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 Multi-bay frame

Original structure Approximation

Effects of Reactions
hor. force and BMD
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Multi-bay frame

Reactions
and BMD
Approx.
effects of
point load

Effect of
reaction on
BMD

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The End

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