UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY

HYDRAULIC & PNEUMATIC QUIZ #4

1. Hydraulic and pneumatics systems in aircraft provide a means for the Operation of large aircraft components.

2. The majority of aircraft that have pneumatics systems use them only as backup systems for the operation of hydraulic
components when the hydraulic system failed.

3. Surface measurements is the measurement of a surface.

4. A force is the amount of push, pull or twist on an object.

5. The force per unit area is called Pressure and is measured in PSI or Kilopascal.

6. Piston displacement is a measurement of distance expressed in inches or centimeter and it represent the distance a
piston moves in a cylinder.

7. Volume is also called Cubic metre and is a measurement of quantity, expressed in cubic inches or liters.

8. In general, fluids expand when they are heated and contract when they are cold.

9. If a fluid is confined so that it cannot escape when it is heated, pressure on the walls of the confining vessel will
(INCREASE / DECREASE)?

10. force equals pressure times area.

11. pressure equals force divided by area.

12. area equals force divided by pressure.

13. Liquids are regarded as being (COMPRESSIBLE / INCOMPRESIBBLE) so the volume of a given quantity of a liquid will
remain constant even though it is subjected to high pressure.

14. The force of the cylinder through which the piston moves is equal to the area of the piston head multiplied by the
pressure of the cylinder.

15. A given output volume from a hydraulic pump will provide an (EQUAL / NOT EQUAL) volume of fluid at the operating
unit.

16. What does Pascal’s law stated regarding fluid in a confined area?

According to Pascal's law, any force applied to a confined fluid is transmitted uniformly in all directions throughout the
fluid regardless of the shape of the container.

17. What is one of the principles factors in liquid motion that exits between the molecules of the liquid and between the
liquid and the pipe through which it is flowing?
Bernoulli’s principle.

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MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY

18. The rate of fluid flow can be determined by measuring the pressure differential on opposite sides of a given restrictor.

19. Friction in a moving liquid produces heat and this heat represent molecules and atoms in hydraulic system.

20. A pressure relief valve or unloading valve is necessarily located between the pump and the valve in order to relieve
the pressure when the cylinder reaches the end of its travel.

21. List 3 type of hydraulic fluids.

a. Vegetable based fluid.
b. Mineral based fluids.
c. Synthetics based fluids.

22. Vegetables – base fluid are usually a mixture containing castor oil and alcohol and are colored blue or blue-green or
are almost clear in colours.

23. Minerals – based fluids consists of high quality petroleum oil and are usually coloured red comply with MIL-H- 5606.

24. Mineral – base fluids are good lubricating properties and less damaging to certain parts than other types of fluid.

25. A mineral – base, synthetic hydrocarbon fluid called Braco 882 is used extensively by the military services in place of
MIL-H-5606 and it is red in colours and meets the specification of MIL-H- 83282.

26. Hydraulic fluids complying with MIL-H-83282 have the advantages of increased fire resistance and can be used in
system having the same types of seals, gaskets, hoses and etc that are used with petroleum base MIL-H-5606.

27. Name two advantages of mineral – base fluids?

a. Increase in fire resistance compared to vegetable based.
b. Additives to prevent corrosion.

28. Phosphate ester – base fluids utilized in most transport category aircraft are very fire resistance but not fire proof.

29. Two typical examples of current Type IV phosphate ester – base fluids are?
a. Skydrol LD-4.
b. Skydrol 500B4.

30. Two distinct classes of Type IV hydraulic fluid exist. The class definition is according to the airframe manufacturer’s
hydraulic fluid specification which is Class 1 that is low density and Class 2 that is high density.

31. Seals, gasket and hoses used with the phosphate ester – base fluids are made of synthetic rubber or Teflon
fluorocarbon resin.

32. What is the type of solvent used to flush for phosphate ester – base fluid hydraulic system?
_Trichloroethylene.

33. Name the military specification of hydraulic fluid listed below?

A. Vegetables – base fluid → MIL-H- 7644.
B. Mineral – base fluid → MIL-H - 5606.

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MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY

C. Phosphate ester – base fluid → MIL-H- 8446.

34. Alcohol is used as a flushing solvent on which base type of fluid?

Vegetable based.

35. The two basic sections of a hydraulic system are the power and the actuation sections.

36. There are three subdivision of the power section of a hydraulic system. These subdivision are known as:
a. Main.
b. Backup.
c. Emergency.

37. If only one system fails to operate as it should and there is pressure in the system, the trouble is in the actuation
(actuation / power) system.

38. If the system pressure drops when some unit is actuated, a probable cause could be a restriction in the line between
the selector valve and actuator (pump and the pressure regulator / selector valve and actuator).

39. A higher than normal system pressure is most likely to be caused by a malfunctioning unloading valve (unloading
valve / relief valve).

40. A heavy chattering or banging in a hydraulic system is often caused by an insufficient air preload in the accumulator.

41. Hydraulic pump chattering and overheating is usually caused by air in the pump inlet (inlet / discharge) line.

42. Spongy actuation of a hydraulic system is usually caused by air in the system.

43. When there are several relief valves in a hydraulic or pneumatic system, always begin adjusting with the valve that
should be set to the highest (highest / lowest) pressure first.

44. Rapid fluctuation of the pointer on a hydraulic pressure gage is usually an indication of accumulation of air in the
pressure gage line.

AIRCRAFT HYDRAULIC & PNEUMATIC (For training purposes only) -3- UniKL/MIAT/TD/AFR 1041/quiz #4/SUB