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  • CE 3204A Hydraulics Handout

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    EMRAN ANGKAL
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    Hydraulics is the branch of science dealing with water and other fluids in motion or at rest. It includes hydrostatics, which studies fluids at rest and the pressure they exert, and hydrodynamics, which examines the forces on fluids in motion. Fluids are substances that can flow and have particles that easily change position without separating. The key properties of fluids include unit weight, mass density, specific gravity, viscosity, kinematic viscosity, and surface tension.

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    Handout hydraulics

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    Handout 1

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    Hydraulics is the branch of science dealing with water and other fluids in motion or at rest. It includes hydrostatics, which studies fluids at rest and the pressure they exert, and hydrodynamics, which examines the forces on fluids in motion. Fluids are substances that can flow and have particles that easily change position without separating. The key properties of fluids include unit weight, mass density, specific gravity, viscosity, kinematic viscosity, and surface tension.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    10 views3 pages

    CE 3204A Hydraulics Handout

    Uploaded by

    EMRAN ANGKAL
    Hydraulics is the branch of science dealing with water and other fluids in motion or at rest. It includes hydrostatics, which studies fluids at rest and the pressure they exert, and hydrodynamics, which examines the forces on fluids in motion. Fluids are substances that can flow and have particles that easily change position without separating. The key properties of fluids include unit weight, mass density, specific gravity, viscosity, kinematic viscosity, and surface tension.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    Handout 1| CE 3204A Hydraulics

    Hydraulics
    Defined as that branch of science which treats of water or other fluid in motion.

    Hydrostatics
    Knowledge of the pressure exerted by fluids at rest.

    Hydrodynamics
    The forces exerted by or upon fluids in motion.

    Fluids
    Substances capable of flowing, having particles which easily move and change their relative
    position without a separation of the mass.

    General Properties of Fluid

    Unit weight (𝜸)


    The weight of a unit volume of a fluid.

    𝑊 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑙𝑏 𝑘𝑁
    𝛾= = = 𝑜𝑟
    𝑉 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑡 3 𝑚3

    𝑘𝑁 𝑁 𝑙𝑏
    𝛾𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 9.81 = 9810 = 62.427
    𝑚3 𝑚3 𝑓𝑡 3

    Mass Density (𝝆)


    The mass per unit volume.

    𝛾
    𝜌= 𝑔

    𝑚 𝑓𝑡
    𝑔 = 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 9.81 𝑠2 = 32.2 𝑠2
    𝑔 𝑘𝑔
    𝜌 = 1 𝑐𝑚3 = 1000 𝑚3

    Specific Gravity (S)


    The ratio of the unit weight of a fluid to the unit weight of water.

    𝛾𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑
    𝑆= 𝛾𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

    𝑆𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 1

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    Handout 1| CE 3204A Hydraulics

    Viscosity
    Determines the amount of resistance to a shearing stress.

    Dynamic Viscosity (𝜇)

    𝜏𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐
    𝜇 = 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑙𝑏. 𝑓𝑡 2

    Kinematic Viscosity (𝑣)

    𝜇 𝑓𝑡 2
    𝑣= 𝜌
    = 𝑠𝑒𝑐

    Surface Tension (𝝈)


    The property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the
    cohesive nature of its molecules

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    Handout 1| CE 3204A Hydraulics

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