Analisa

Simpul & Mesh

(Nodal & Mesh Analysis)

1
 Kirchhoff’s Current Law:
i1 = i2 + i3
• This equation can also be written in the following form:
i1 – i2 – i3 = 0

node
i1

i2 i3

A formal statement of Kirchhoff’s Current Law:

The sum of all the currents entering a node is zero.

(i2 and i3 leave the node, hence currents –i2 and –i3 enter the node.) 2
 Example 1: Kirchhoff’s Current Law:

Q: Determinte Io ?
A: io = 2.5 mA + 4 mA = 6.5 mA

2.5 mA
4 mA

io
i4 i2
i3

• The dotted circle is a node with 2.5 mA entering

• Hence i2 = 2.5 mA exits the “node”.
Similarly, i3 = 4 mA.
• From KCL, i4 = i2 + i3 = 6.5 mA, and Io = i4 3
 Nodal Analysis
◼ Step 1: Determine the earth node (whose
voltage is zero).
◼ Step 2: Determine & number the other nodes.
Give @ node a voltage value e.g. v1, v2,..
◼ Step 3: Where there are voltage sources;
determine some node voltages by inspection.
◼ Step 4: Use KCL to write down equations for the
remaining nodes & solve them simultaneously.
◼ Step 5: Complete the solutions required.
 Nodal Analysis
◼ Use Nodal Analysis to find current through R

1
4 2 R
15
 Nodal Analysis
◼ Steps 1 & 2
v

i1 i2 i3
1
4 2 R
15

0
 Nodal Analysis
◼ Step 3: is not applicable here.
◼ Steps 4&5: solve for v & iR
−15 + 𝑖1 + 𝑖2 + 𝑖3 = 0

𝑣 𝑣 𝑣
∴ −15 + + + = 0
1 4 2
∴ −60 + 4𝑣 + 𝑣 + 2𝑣 = 0 ⇒ 𝑣
60
= ≈ 8.6𝑉
7
𝑣 30
∴ 𝑖𝑅 = 𝑖3 = = ≈ 4.3𝐴
𝑅 7
 Nodal Analysis
◼ Nodal analysis to obtain i, PR

1 i

2 R
4
+

10
15

-
 Nodal Analysis
◼ Steps 1,2 & 3: identify all node voltages.
v1 v

1 i

2 R
4
+

10
15

0
By inspection; v1=15
 Nodal Analysis
◼ Determine v & solve completely
Apply − KCL − at − node − of − v :
v − v1 v v
+ + − 10 = 0
1 4 2
but − v1 = 15; by − inspection;
v − 15 v v
 + + − 10 = 0
1 4 2
100
 4v − 60 + v + 2v − 40 = 0  v =
7
v 50
i = =  7.1A  PR = i 2 R  102.0W
R 7
 Nodal Analysis: 4 nodes
◼ Use Nodal Analysis; find iR

2 6

1
+ R 3

97 4

-
 Nodal Analysis: 4 nodes
◼ Steps 1,2 & 3: identify all node voltages.
2 3
1

2 6

1
+ R 3

97 4

0
 Nodal Analysis: 4 nodes
◼ Determine v3 & solve completely
v1 = 97;−by − inspection
Apply − KCL − at − node2 & 3 :
v2 − v1 v2 − v3 v2
+ + = 0.....[ Node − 2]
2 6 4
v3 − v2 v3 v3
+ + = 0............[ Node − 3]
6 1 3
11v2 − 2v3 = 582
9v3 − v2 = 0
6
 v3 = 6  iR = = 2A
3
 Cont’d

◼ Gambar ulang rangkaian, untuk memperjelas simpul

14
 Cont’d
◼ Beri label tegangan & tentukan node referensi

15
 Cont’d
◼ V1 = tegangan simpul 1 relatif terhadap simpul
referensi
◼ V2 = tegangan simpul 2 relatif terhadap simpul
referensi

16
v1 v1 − v2 v2 v2 − v1
+ = 3,1 + = −(−1, 4)
2 5 1 5

v1 = 5 volt v2 = 2 volt
17
 Latihan
◼ Carilah tegangan-tegangan simpul pada gambar
di bawah ini !

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19
 Cont’d
◼ Simpul 1
v1 − v2 v1 − v3
−8 − 3 = +
3 4
0.5833v1 − 0.3333v2 − 0.25v3 = −11

◼ Simpul 2
v2 − v1 v2 − v3 v2
−(−3) = + +
3 7 1
−0.3333v1 + 1.4762v2 − 0.1429v3 = 3 20
 Cont’d
◼ Simpul 3
v3 − v1 v3 − v2 v3
−(−25) = + +
4 7 5
−0.25v1 − 0.1429v2 + 0.5929v3 = 25

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 Cont’d
−11 −0.3333 −0.2500
3 1.4762 −0.1429
25 −0.1429 0.5929 1.714
v1 = = = 5.412 volt
0.5833 −0.3333 −0.2500 0.3167
−0.3333 1.4762 −0.1429
−0.2500 −0.1429 0.5929

0.5833 −11 −0.2500

−0.3333 3 −0.1429
−0.2500 25 0.5929 2.450
v2 = = = 7.736 volt
0.5833 −0.3333 −0.2500 0.3167
−0.3333 1.4762 −0.1429
−0.2500 −0.1429 0.5929
22
 Cont’d

0.5833 −0.3333 −11

−0.3333 1.4762 3
−0.2500 −0.1429 25 14.67
v3 = = = 46.32 volt
0.5833 −0.3333 −0.2500 0.3167
−0.3333 1.4762 −0.1429
−0.2500 −0.1429 0.5929

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 Simpul Super
◼ Terdapat sumber tegangan di antara dua buah simpul

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 Contoh
◼ Tentukan tegangan pada simpul 1, V1, dari gambar
(slide sebelumnya)
◆ Simpul 1
v1 − v2 v1 − v3
−8 − 3 = +
3 4
0.5833v1 − 0.3333v2 − 0.25v3 = −11
◆ Simpul super
v2 − v1 v3 − v1 v3 v2
3 + 25 = + + +
3 4 5 1
−0.5833v1 + 1.3333v2 − 0.45v3 = −28

v2 − v3 = −22  v1 = 1.071 volt 25

 Analisis Mesh
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law:
v1 = v2 + v3
• dapat juga ditulis : –v1 + v2 + v3 = 0

+ v2 –
+ + +
v1 +
_ v3 v4
– – –

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law:

Jumlah seluruh tegangan pada loop tertutup sama dengan nol.

26
 Cont’d

+ 3.1V –
+ +
+ 6.8 V v4
_ Vo
– _

Q: Berapa tegangan v4 dan Vo?

A: v4 = 6.8 V Vo = 3.1 V + 6.8 V

27
 Mesh Analysis
◼ Step 1: Determine & give current values to @
mesh.
◼ Step 2: Where there are current sources;
determine some mesh currents by inspection.
◼ Step 3: Use KVL to write the other mesh
equations & solve them simultaneously.
 Mesh Analysis (cont.)
◼ Step 4: Determine the resultant current through
@ resistor.
◼ Step 5: Complete the solutions as required.
 Ex.1: Mesh Analysis
◼ Use Mesh Analysis to find current through R
(4-ohm resistor)

1
4 R 2
15
 Ex.1: Mesh Analysis

4
4
1 4
2
15 mesh
mesh mesh

1 2 3
 Ex.1: Mesh Analysis
◼ Steps 1,2,3,4
By − inspection : i1 = 15
◼
Apply − KVL − to − the − other − 2 − meshes :
mesh − 2;
1(i2 − i1 ) + 4(i2 − i3 ) = 0  i2 − 15 + 4i2 − 4i3 = 0
 5i2 − 4i3 = 15
mesh − 3;
4(i3 − i2 ) + 2i3 = 0  3i3 − 2i2 = 0
45 30 15
 i2 = , i3 =  iR = i2 − i3 =
7 7 7
 Ex.2:Mesh Analysis
◼ Use Mesh Analysis to find i & PR

1 4 +

R
15 10

-
 Ex.2 Mesh Analysis
2

1 4

15 mesh mesh mesh 10

1 2 3 -
 Ex.2: Mesh Analysis
◼ Steps 1,2,3,4
◼
By − inspection : i1 = 15
Apply − KVL − to − the − other − 2 − meshes :
mesh − 2;
1(i2 − i1 ) + 4(i2 − i3 ) = 0  i2 − 15 + 4i2 − 4i3 = 0
 5i2 − 4i3 = 15
mesh − 3;
4(i3 − i2 ) + 2i3 + 10 = 0  3i3 − 2i2 = −5
25 5 20
 i2 = , i3 =  iR = i2 − i3 = , PR  32.7W
7 7 7
 Latihan
◼ Gunakan analisis mesh untuk menentukan
ketiga arus dalam rangkaian berikut !

36
◼ Mesh 1
−7 + 1(i1 − i2 ) + 6 + 2(i1 − i3 ) = 0
3i1 − i2 − 2i3 = 1
◼ Mesh 2
1(i2 − i1 ) + 2i2 + 3(i2 − i3 ) = 0
−i1 + 6i2 − 3i3 = 0
37
◼ Mesh 3
2(i3 − i1 ) − 6 + 3(i3 − i2 ) + 1i3 = 0
−2i1 − 3i2 + 6i3 = 6

i1 = 3 A
i2 = 2 A
i3 = 3 A
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 Mesh Super
◼ Terdapat sumber arus di antara dua buah mesh

39
◼ Mesh 1
−7 + 1(i1 − i2 ) + 3(i3 − i2 ) + 1i3 = 0
i1 − 4i2 + 4i3 = 7
◼ Mesh 2
1(i2 − i1 ) + 2i2 + 3(i2 − i3 ) = 0
−i1 + 6i2 − 3i3 = 0

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◼ Sumber Arus Bebas

i1 − i3 = 7

i1 = 9 A i2 = 2.5 A i3 = 2 A

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 Tugas
1. Tentukan 𝑖𝑥 !
a. Menggunakan Analisa Simpul
b. Menggunakan Analisa Mesh

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 Tugas
2. Tentukan tegangan-
tegangan simpul
terhadap referensi !

vy

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 Tugas
3. Tentukan ketiga arus berikut !

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