-

A LEARNING MODULE FOR

EDUC 15

SPECIAL TOPICS IN
EDUCATION
SUBMITTED BY:

DESIREE JAY VILLAR

SUBMITTED TO:

IRENE B. CLARK, PhD

 Volume 1
LESSON 1
Transformational Leadership

Activity 1
Transformational Leadership Transactional leadership

How are they alike?

Both techniques involve leaders and followers with shared purpose to benefit from one another
and both are motivational in their approaches and both styles have inherent goals.

How are they different?

 Leader works w/ teams concerned  Managerial leadership

w/ maintaining the normal flow of
operations.
 Uses disciplinary power and array
of incentives to motivate employees to
perform at their best.
 Essentially motivates subordinates
by exchanging rewards for performance.
 Generally, it concerns w/ making
sure everything flows smoothly today.
 Treats people as individuals and
seeks to bring out the best in them
through coaching and encouragement
instead of barking orders.
 Focuses on the role of supervision,
organization, and group performance.
 Focuses on specific tasks and use
rewards & punishments to motivate
followers
 Favors structured policies &
procedures to be strictly followed.
 If something goes wrong in the
process, employees are the pones to be
blamed & who are responsible for the
outcome.
Activity 2. Factors that contribute to becoming a transformative leader.

Inspirational-they have
the ability to motivate
others to rise tot he
occassion & they treat
employees as a valued
individual & understand
them.

self-management in
w/c don't need much entertain new ideas in
direction from others & which a leader is open to
are able to manage Factors w/c new ideas & ready tpo
themselves well. solicit ideas from member
contribute to
becoming a
transformative
leader.

shares collective
ability to take risks and
organizational
make difficult decisions
consciousness w/c
and they trust theuir
considers the feeliongs
instinct.
of their team members
Activity 3: Pledge/Commitment

I, Desiree Jay Villar, pledge to be a positive future leader and positive influence

on my fellow educators, students and the school. I promise to share more smiles,

laughter, encouragement and joy w/ those around me.

When I experience a challenge, I will look for opportunity to learn and grow and

help others grow.

With vision, hope and faith, I will never give up and will always find ways to make

a difference. I believe my best days are ahead of me and not behind me.

So today and every day, I will be positive and strive hard to make a positive

impact on my students’ school and the world.

Exercises:

A. As I’ve read different articles regarding transformational leadership, one article

caught my attention (coachingfederation.org) as they work this “Setting and
Achieving transformative” goal. We all know that each of us has its own goal which
is important in our life. It is not just one goal and not all goals are effective. So
according to (Leithwood, 1999), transformational leadership has 3 goals, that is
helping staff develop and maintain a collaborative professional school culture,
fastening teacher development and helping teachers solve problem more
effectively. So, in general, it has a vision that things would be different or better. It
has the need for change, inspiring change, implementing change and making change
permanent.

B. As a future leader, becoming a transformative leader isn’t that easy but it is possible.
You just have to possess such qualities in becoming one. Set your priorities and aim
your goal, this is goal setting. Secondly, be an inspiration to others, motivate others
as you motivate yourself. Challenge yourself to go beyond your limit or to be out of
your comfort zone as much as possible. Be morally and ethically conscious. Have the
enthusiasm in everything you do. Be optimistic and look for the brighter side of your
journey. Accept new ideas, be open minded and treat criticisms as constructive one.
Pay close attention to every detail and have some alternatives. Take responsibility of
everything, whether be on yourself or with your team. Work as one. Your attitude
will matter to your colleague so treat your team as you treat yourself. Have some
equalities as to the fair treatment of your group.

Volume 1
 LESSON 2
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT
ACTIVITY 1: KWL Chart
KNOW What I wonder What I learned
Independent learning If these are all effective and

indirect instruction applicable to all

Direct instruction

Collaborative learning

Activity 2: Revisiting the KWL Chart

KNOW What I wonder What I learned

There are a lot of
instructional strategies, it
includes activating strategies,
cognitive and summarizing
strategies. Each has its own
purpose and field of
development. In general,
instructional strategies
engages student in the
learning process and allows
them to learn on their own.

Lesson 3

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
ACTIVITY 1: What is the environmental education?

According to www.epa.gov.,
environmental education is a process that
allows individuals to explore
environmental issues, engage in problem
solving and take action to improve the
environment. In other words, it involves
one’s understanding about the
environment & factors affecting it.

ACTIVITY 2:

Environmental Causes Effects

Issues & Concerns
Water Pollution Oil Pollution, Acid Rain, Global It kills organisms that depend on
Warming, Eutrophication these waterbodies.
Disrupts the natural food chain as
well.
Air Pollution Smog, Acid rain, industrialization, Damage to crops and plants
population growth, globalization, Health diseases
road transport, deforestation
Waste and Land Contamination of soil, mining, Polluted soil
nuclear waste, landfills, hydraulic Ground water poisoning
pollution
fracturing Loss of topsoil
Increased risk of wildfires
Climate Change Greenhouse gases, solar activity, Extreme weather
 agriculture, deforestation, human Safety & economic challenges
activity, livestock Sea level rising
Damage to ecosystem

ACTIVITY 3

Nature knows best

Most basic & in fact encompasses all others.
In essence, one must not go against the
natural processes if one would like to ensure
a continuous & steady supply of resources.

All forms of life are equally important.

Each organism plays a fundamental role in
nature. May be it from worms up to the
highest level of specie.

Everything is interconnected.
Ecosystem; To simplify, everything is
connected by this so called chain of life.

Everything changes.
Nothing is permanent but change. Everything
is constantly changing according to its
purpose.
 Everything must go somewhere.
Anything that disappear has its final
destination & it really never stops to exist.
You may think it’s gone but it wasn’t really.

Ours is a finite earth.

The place we lived in will definitely come to
its end. Some may still reform or reincarnate
and some may not but twill still remain its
mark.
Nature is beautiful and we are stewards of
God’s creation.
Humans are special because we are made by
God’s image. We are the one who will shape
our future & who will eventually be superior
to other lower species. We are the driver of
our own wheels.

Exercises

A.

Paraiso
Smokey Mountain

Return to a land called paraiso

A place where a dying river ends
No birds there fly over paraiso
No space allows them to endure
The smoke that screens the air
The grass that's never there

And if I could see a single bird, what a joy

I try to write some words and create
 A simple song to be heard
By the rest of the world

I live in this land called paraiso

In a house made of cardboard floors and walls
I learned to be free in paraiso
Free to claim anything I see
Matching rags for my clothes
Plastic bags for the cold

And if empty cans were all I have, what a joy

I never fight to take someone
Else's coins and live with fear
Like the rest of the boys

Paraiso, help me make a stand

Paraiso, take me by the hand
Paraiso, make the world understand

That if I could see a…

This is the first time I’ve heard about this song. I am not rally into this kind of genre but
as I’ve read the lyrics without listening to the song, I am fascinated how the writer wrote
this song. I can say that the writer was an environmentalist or if may not, is a concern
citizen. The song talks about some environmental issues and how was our earth before
and right after this generation of ours. There is a lot of underlying meaning in the lyrics
of the song. This a call out to this generation to take good care of our mother earth as
this will greatly affect our lives in the near future. Our lives depend on how we behold
our nature. The writer of the song was trying to open up our minds and our souls to
bring back the real beauty of the earth as it was before. Where there was the balance in
nature, the beauty of nature was still untouchable, the air that we breathe was never
alarming and the place where we lived in was safe from environmental hazards. This
song implies that the what we so called “Paraiso” is the most precious thing we should
have and would be pass on to the next generation.

B.

10 Practical Ways in Saving Mother Earth

1. Proper waste/garbage disposal.

 2. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.
3. Volunteer for clean-up drive.
4. Conserve water.
5. Plant a tree.
6. Don’t send chemicals into waterways.
7. Use back sides of paper.
8. Switch off the light.
9. Turn craps into compost.
10. Care for animals and insects.

Lesson 4

INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP

ACTIVITY 1

Based on www.theedadvocate.org/by MatthewLynch, Instructional leadership is the

principal’s role is deeply involved with setting the school’s direction. It focuses on the principal’s
role in cooperating with staff, ensuring the school continuously runs on clear, measurable and
time-based goals that result is the academic progress of students. Teachers give priority status
to the school’s mission in their lesson planning and implementation. The mindset of this
includes an intense moral purpose focused on promoting deep student learning and s part of
collaborative process, teacher leaders provide valuable insight and ideas to principals as they
work together toward school performance. To conclude, it is o give and take process that
focuses on teaching and learning strategies.

ACTIVITY 2

Skills and Characteristics of an Instructional Leader

 Shares leadership.
 Collaborates in learning.
 Acts as a learner.
 Monitors curriculum and instruction.
 Uses data to make instructional strategies.
 Leads a learning community.
 Promotes and participates in professional learning with teachers.
 Reviews evidence about student learning and supports the exploration of
effective practices.

ACTIVITY 3
Sharing Leadership

Guiding a school staff to reach a common vision requires intensive and sustained collaboration.
This somehow works as leader-member partnership in which a leader is not just the one who
will take the lead but also solicits idea from his/her members.

"Leaders influence others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how. This
process requires the facilitation of individual and shared efforts to accomplish common
objectives" (Kyrtheotis & Pashiardis, 1998b, p. 3).

Tapping the Expertise of Teacher Leaders

This basically explains a strong and consistent leadership of a leader. The subordinates will
exert more effort if they would actually see that they have their leader’s back in everything they
do and that there would be someone who will support them. There is no evidence of troubled
schools turning around without the influence of strong leadership. Effective leadership sets the
direction and influences members of the organization to work together toward meeting
organizational goals. Principals can accomplish this essential responsibility by providing
individual support, challenging teachers to examine their own practices, and securing models of
best practice.

Collaborating in Leading

Interestingly, some evidence suggests that female elementary school principals participate
more actively in instructional leadership than their male counterparts. Also, they spend more
years in the classroom before entering their first administrative post and, consequently, may
possess greater knowledge in instructional matters (Cotton, 2003; Hallinger, Bickman, & Davis,
1996). Generally, attaining school goals requires individual and shared efforts (Kyrtheotis &
Pashiardis, 1998b).

Leading a Learning Community

Today's principals must become role models for learning while continually (or at least regularly)
seeking tools and ideas that foster school improvement (Lashway, 2003). Simply put, schooling
is organized around two key functions: (1) teaching and learning, and (2) organizing for teaching
and learning. Thus, it seems clear that school principals need to manage the structures and
processes of their schools around instruction.

Teachers as Learners

To summarize, principals—that is, effective principals—support instructional activities and

programs by modeling expected behaviors and consistently prioritizing instructional concerns
day-to-day. They strive to become a learner among learners. Involvement in curriculum,
instruction, and assessment are crucial to the idea of instructional leadership.

Using Data to Make Instructional Decisions

Data sources inform and guide action, or at least they should. Without meaningful data it is
impossible to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of school initiatives. Effective principals
skillfully gather information that determines how well a school organization is meeting goals and
use that information to refine strategies designed to meet or extend the goals.

Monitoring Curriculum and Instruction

There are good reasons to focus on school leadership. The importance of the principal's role has
never been greater, taking into consideration national accountability standards for schools and
the likelihood that principal job vacancies will increase in the near future. Not only do effective
principals focus attention on curriculum and teaching, they also understand teaching and possess
credibility in the eyes of their staff (Mazzeo, 2003). Schmoker (2006) suggested that too often
school cultures discourage close scrutiny of instruction. He says that effective leaders can raise
the level of importance by looking for evidence that curriculum standards are taught through the
review of formative assessments, grade books, team lesson logs, and student work.

Visiting Classrooms

Principals build trust by supporting and nurturing teacher development by providing feedback
that helps teachers to improve. This is more likely to occur when principals exercise the
collegiality of leadership. Additionally, principals are in the best position to help teachers
improve in areas of weakness and can accomplish this through observations and dialogue that
shows respect for teachers as professionals (Cooper, Ehrensal, & Bromme, 2005). 

EXCERCISES

A. As I dig deeper into this topic, I was amazed on the responsibility of the leaders
especially those who handles big school. As my mom is an elementary school principal, it
takes a lot of courage to do things on her own and seek for new ideas with her
subordinates. The school will not just rely on her, but also with the help of her
colleagues. There are a lot of leaders nowadays who differs on how they administer their
school. Clearly, multiple role expectations exist for school leaders. They hold high
expectations that teachers and students will meet these goals and hold themselves
accountable for the success of the school.

B. I felt the eagerness in me to become a future teacher and be as a good leader can be. I am
at ease knowing that you can get hold of your success by simply having the qualities of
an effective leader. I will not just stop of being a teacher but aim high of being a good
leader that would somehow contributes betterment of a school and its constituents.

Lesson 5
 CAREER PLANNING

ACTIVITY 1.
YEAR HIGHLIGHTS
1950s-1960s In the Philippines, parents hope their children to become
professionals, regardless of the socio-economic status, parents
wanted their children to earn degree.
Engaging in careers served as means of self-expression, satisfaction
of personal interest or the developments of talent.
1970s Education began to lose its stature as a course especially in Manila.
The course was perceived to be taken by those who did not qualify
in other course.
The National College Entrance Exam (NCEE) was introduce in order
to distinguish those who were eligible to take a degree course from
those who should take vocational-technical course.
1990s During the early 90s, education, nursing and secretarial courses
were associated with women. When men enrolled in these courses
during this period, their sexual orientation was a bit question.
New courses like computer science, computer technology,
management information system, computer programming and web
designing have started to gain popularity.

ACTIVITY 2. What is career planning?

career
planning
Know
(M E)
yourself.
Explore
Option
Get Focused
Reach
Emplpoyers Take Action
Interest
Skills
Decision
making
Goal Setting
Job Search
Tools

ACTIVITY 3. Significance of Career Planning

 Based on Bunn High School Student Services Homepage
(http://bunnhsstudentservices.weebly.com/career-planning.html) The career planning process
is comprised of four steps: Learning About Yourself, Exploring Careers, Making Decisions, and
Taking Action. Choosing a career is a big deal. It's about so much more than deciding what you
will do to make a living.  In this diagram, this shows the process or steps in career planning.
Take the first step which is to learn about yourself. Learn about your interests, personality type,
values and even your aptitude to know yourself more and make better decision in the future.
Secondly, identify yourself. It is important that you identify and appreciate what you consider to
be your skills, abilities and personal qualities. Only when you do this can you then confidently
say you can do this and that. Third, research career options. It is important not to limit
your options by focusing only on fields that obviously match your area, go beyond and out of
your comfort zone. Explore as what they say. Fourth, link your major and your career. This time
you’ve already chose your career option so you better link what you are expert on into your
chosen field of career. Sharpen both to achieve your goal. Lastly, know your values. Basically, in
everything you go through, you should know your worth and should be able to identify whether
you deserve this and that. Don’t just settle for less if you think you deserve more than that but
still, appreciate those little things because in everything we do, we take a little step and gradually
aim high. Take one step at a time.
ACTIVITY 4: Characteristics of a career goal.

CHARACTERISTICS INDICATOR
Specific Well defined, clear and unambiguous.
Measurable With specific criteria that measure your progress toward the
accomplishment of the goal.
Attainable Achievable and not impossible to aim.
Realistic Within reach, realistic and relevant to your life purpose.
Time-bound With clearly defined timeline including a starting date and a
target date.

EXERCISES

A.

According to many, career plan is important as it can help you manage the direction of
your career, the job skills and knowledge you may need, how you get them and how you can
secure your dream job. In short, it will be your guide as to what you really wanted to be and
what you really wanted your life to be ahead.

B.

Goal
Setting

take
action Target

Me Time frame

aim for
enough evaluate
resources skills

Lesson 6

GENDER SENSITIVITY

ACTIVITY 1
 1O WAYS TO PROMOTE GENDER AWARENESS IN PARENTS AND
TEACHERS

 Train teachers in gender equality. Have the perception that every individual has its own
capability and they are to be treated equally.
 Conduct gender analysis. Be it by having annual symposium on gender awareness
conducted by some expert on this matter.
 Strengthen school-parent partnership. The school should be in partner and in constant
communication with the parents for them to aware in some matters that goes with the
school and the learners.
 Train for gender sensitivity. Conduct some trainings with teachers regarding this topic for
them to be fully aware and refresh their knowledge on this issue.
 Use gender-neutral language when appropriate. Address someone based on his/ her
sexual preference and avoid offensive words.
 Choose teaching examples that upend traditional gender stereotypes. Use examples that
subvert conventional gender roles both professionally and in the home during lessons.
 Ask all students to participate in a variety of classroom chores. Don’t assign physical
classroom responsibilities to boys and decorating or organizational tasks to girls. Assign
all tasks to all students equally
 Create mixed-gender groups for class projects and discussions. Show students that boys
and girls can be strong team players by forming mixed-gender groups for class work.
Students often self-segregate by gender when they make groups on their own
 Encourage all students to share their feelings. Reassure both boys and girls in the class
that it’s healthy and normal to discuss their feelings about distressing current events or
topics they feel passionate about.
 Avoid asking students to speak on behalf of their gender. Ask students only to speak for
themselves rather than being a spokesperson for a larger group. 

EXERCISES:

A.
 As a future teacher, I can help the government in its effort to ensure the fundamental
equality before the law of women and men by simply starting to discipline it within
myself that every gender is equal and they are all unique and have their own capabilities.
I must impose in my class this gender equality and propose peace and order in between
gender that is present in the four corners of the classroom. Not just in school but also in
community that I must help to properly orient parents and especially those out of school
youth children on this gender equality.

B.
 Share the workload at home.
 If you have children, be an equal parent.
 Encourage your kid to play with toys of his\her choice.
 Be aware of gender stereotypes.
 Watch for signs of domestic violence.
 Listen and reflect.
 Put equality policies in place.
 Mind your language.
 Be proactive.
 Watch out for indirect discrimination.

Lesson 7

21st Century Skills of Teachers

ACTIVITY 1.
 SKILLS BEHAVIORAL INDICATOR
Financial Literacy Invest in recycled and indigenous materials in creating instructional
materials which not only save them money but its more efficient in using
as a resource material.
Health Literacy I should be able to know the student’s health behaviors so that the
teachers will be able to give health protocols and rules for the students to
follow.
Technology Teachers now uses technology as an aid in teaching. They use tools like
Literacy laptops & projectors to aid in the teaching of students. They also use the
internet to research & find or formulate new strategies on teaching.
Civic Literacy Participate in the teaching community to learn more in my superiors on
how I can better my teaching skills.
Employability One should have the communication skills, problem solving and decision-
Literacy making skills as well as team-work skills which plays highest importance
level.

EXERCISES:

A. As a future teacher, I am a critical thinker in which I have the ability to think outside the
box and willing to take risk no matter what. I am also a problem solver because in every
instance I can find some solutions that could solve or even minimize the burden that I
have. I am a good communicator because I know how to deal with people in every ages
and I can go along with them. Excellent collaborator? Of course I am because I know how
to share ideas on my team and also solicit theirs. I am computer literate, though I don’t
have the degree on that course but still I know the basics. Flexible and adjustable? Nah, I
am! I have the ability to adjust and adapt every situation that I am into. Innovative and
 creative? count me in! I can easily find resources even to every single detail of it. Globally
competent? Hmmm, sooner I will but right now I am into striving hard and bringing out
the best in me. Financial literate? I am having a hard time with this but no worries

B. Pledge to become one of the best teaches of the 21st century

I, Desiree Jay Villar, commit myself to leadership for change in my school. I

pledge to lovingly lead teachers and students to be as unique learners and engage all of us
as 21st century citizens of the world. I will be one of an advocate for the use of new
technologies, new discoveries to engage students and excite learners to create new
learning opportunities.
I will be able to model tolerance, global awareness and reflective practice.
Mostly, plans to ensure that no child gets left behind so I should focus on preparing
today’s children for what’s to come in the future.

Lesson 9

ICT Teaching-and-Learning for New Teachers

ACTIVITY 1. What is ICT?

As we all know that this century is bombarded with devices and other resources that is
link into the digital world, we are fascinated on how things work today compared to the past
decades. With the aid of this technologies, our works has been speed up and less man power is
being needed. Based on my research, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is a
broader term for Information Technology (IT), which refers to all communication technologies,
including the internet, wireless networks, cell phones, computers, software, middleware, video-
conferencing, social networking, and other media applications and services
(http://aims.fao.org/information-and-communication-technologies-ict . The notion of digital
society reflects the results of the modern society in adopting and integrating information and
communication technologies at home, work, education and recreation. Digital innovations are
reshaping our society, economy and industries with a scale and speed like never before.
ACTIVITY 2.

Literacy to new fluencies of 21st century young learners.

Information Fluency  Is the ability to unconsciously & intuitively interpret

information in all forms & formats in order to extract the
essential knowledge, authenticate it, & perceive its meaning
& significance.

Solution Fluency  The ability to think creatively to solve problems in real time
by clearly defining the problem, designing an appropriate
solution, delivering solution & then evaluating the process &
outcome.

Collaboration Fluency  Refers to team working proficiency that has reached the
unconscious ability to work cooperatively w/virtual & real
partners in online environments to create original digital
products.

Media Proficiency  The ability to unconsciously interpret the messages contained

w/in media of all sorts and the ability to communicate in
multiple media formats.

Creativity Fluency  The process by which artistic proficiency adds meaning

through design, art & storytelling. It is about using innovative
design to add value to the function of a product through the
form.

EXERCISES:

1. Dale's cone is one of the most important theoretical foundations of IT. Hence, the cone
makes connection between concrete and abstract ideas which is one of the main
principles of teaching and learning. It also helps the professionals to select media on the
basis of the experiences aimed to transfer students. Teachers integrate ICT in learning by
using technologies as their medium of instructions and by letting students to utilize
technologies in accomplishing their projects. In preparing and presenting lessons,
teachers usually uses projector, multimedia, and other technologies that could aid in
 presenting their output in most convenient way as possible and would somehow awaken
the interests of the students.

2. Internet Learning Activities

 Live Lecture (Online or On campus)
 Assigned Reading/text
 Multimedia Content

 Video conferencing
 Digital readers and tablets. Increasingly, schools are looking to replace the bulkier hard-
copy textbooks with digital ones that are accessible via a tablet.
 3D printing. ...
 Virtual reality. ...
 Gamification. ...
 Cloud technology. ...
 Artificial intelligence. ...
 Mobile technology.

Lesson 10

Stimulating Creativity in the Classroom

ACTIVITY 1:

CREATIVITY

 Creativity is the ability to develop and express ourselves and our ideas in new ways.
Michael Blythe. Creativity is going beyond the usual - stepping outside of the box. It can
be defined in many ways, such as how a person explores ideas or uses different ways to
solve issues - and how one experiences life.(
http://www.csun.edu/~vcpsy00h/creativity/survey.htm).
 Creativity is the act of turning new and imaginative ideas into reality. Creativity is
characterized by the ability to perceive the world in new ways, to find hidden patterns, to
 make connections between seemingly unrelated phenomena, and to generate solutions.
Creativity involves two processes: thinking, then producing.(www.creativityatwork.com).
 Simply put, creativity involves transforming your ideas,  imagination, and
dreams  into reality. When you’re being creative, you can see the hidden patterns,
make connections between things that aren’t normally related, and come up with
new ideas. Creative ability depends on creative thinking which is part hard work
but largely creative problem-solving (https://www.creativelive.com/blog/what-is-
creativity/).
IMAGINATION

 According to Wikipedia, Imagination is the ability to produce and simulate novel objects,
sensations, and ideas in the mind without any immediate input of the senses. ...
 Imagination is a cognitive process used in mental functioning and sometimes used in
conjunction with psychological imagery.
 Imagination is quite possibly a uniquely human ability. In essence, it allows us to explore
ideas of things that are not in our present environment, or perhaps not even real. For
example, one can imagine the cup of coffee seen the day before, or one can imagine an
alien spaceship arriving in the earth's orbit. The key is that what is imagined is generated
from within rather than perceived based on input from without
(https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-science-imagination/201207/what-
imagination-is-0)

EXERCISES:
1. With the saying goes “Learning by Doing” and being creative and imaginative takes part
in this. This would help them explore things beyond their limit, they would be able to
take risks and look for alternatives instead of being stuck into something. This would
broaden their mind and open up for great ideas and will not just cease for something less.
These traits would fuel their future and both will serve to inspire our younger learners.
2.
A. By putting these matters with real life contexts, this resource will enable your students
to develop their problem-solving skills and emotional literacy in a non-threatening and
understanding environment.
B. Learn to read, and write is an ongoing process from infancy and it helps a child to
understand relationships, to hear words and sentences. It involves the ability or the
development of the skills used to communicate with others through languages.

C. As children developed, they progress through stages characterized by unique ways of

understanding the world. During the sensorimotor stage, young children develop eye-hand
coordination schemes and object permanence. During the concrete operational stage,
children can perform basic operations such as classification and serial ordering of concrete
objects
 D. there are 4 main areas in this area of learning:
 Places and people
 Time and people
 Myself and other living things
 Myself and other non-living things
Through different types of play active and experiential learning opportunities as well as
practical activities, children will be provided with meaningful experiences. These will
stimulate their senses as well as encourage them to ask questions, explore and wonder at
their environment.

E. When child care providers offer art activities, they are supporting children’s large and
small muscle development as well as their eye-hand coordination. Using crayons,
markers, paintbrushes, helps children practice the fine motor control they will need for
writing later on.

F. This is a mental and social process involving the generation of new ideas or concepts
or new associations of the creative mind between existing ideas or concepts. It is your
ability to combine ideas in a unique way or to make useful associations among ideas.

3. Characteristics of a Creative Learner

Have the courage to try new things and risk failure
Use intuition as well as logic to make decisions and produce ideas
Likes to play, sense of humor and fun are the ultimate creative act.
Expressive and willing to share what they fell and think to be themselves.
Intrinsically motivated and independent.
Impulsive and change their mind quite often.

4. Creative Teacher
Knowledgeable
Connects with other teacher
Collector of teaching ideas
Shares his\her learning
Experimenting & reflecting on his/her teaching
Flexible
Open-minded
Imaginative

5.
 Lesson 8

INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

ACTIVITY 1.

Characteristics of an Effective Teacher

Prepared
Positive
Hold High Expectations
Creative
Fair
Displays personal touch
Cultivate a sense of belonging
Compassionate
Have a sense of humor
Respect students
Forgiving
Admit mistakes
ACTIVITY 2

Types of Instructional Strategies

Learning
Discrimination  Learn together
 Know each other
Factual  Listen to the explanation of the students
 Explain well the lessons
Rule  Explain it well
 Put it inside the classroom
 Make a clear rule
Procedure  Assign individual work
 Providing materials
 Teacher assign work
Concept  Make concept well
 Specified the information
Problem Solving  Make a decision wisely to solve the problem
 Try to adjust your problem

Levels of Instructional Strategies

Learning
Acquisition  Developing skills and habit
Fluency  Research more
 Read more
 Explore more
Application  Apply the learnings and skills
Generalization  Balance, Generalize, Organize

Exercises:

A. I’ve research about this Universal Design for learning in which planning a lesson w/ all
students in mind. Survey students to find out what they already know and questions they
have about new topic. Use that information to scaffold instruction and make lessons more
relevant to students. You can also vary the methods that you use to deliver the direct
 instruction portion of your lesson. This somehow considers the multiple intelligence
presence in the classroom. If possible, use more than one modality within a lesson.
B. In this topic, as a 21st century teacher, one must be competent enough to face full diverse
of learners on the field. A teacher must be flexible and ready to adapt for different
learner’s culture and have it handled very well. We are not just a facilitator for learning
of the students only, we are responsible for training students to be as competitive as they
can be. This is the most competitive world, & there has the diverse option to choose.