Local Literature

A data from the WHO says that the Philippine population who are 15  years old and older have an
alcohol use disorder. A largely unaddressed issue in the Philippines , is the alcohol marketing and it’s link
to early alcohol use among youth. In the Philippines, marketing strategies for alcohol are now being used
to target the youth, large local companies like Asia Brewery and San Miguel Corporation. Local Alcohol
company sponsorship of sports and events is a major marketing strategy, Sponsorships at sports and
events which attract more youth that provide promotional opportunities that imprint brand names and
products on young consumers and potential consumers of alcohol. (Palmier et. al., 2013)
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890547/)

Alcohol drinks is the most common psychoactive substance in the world and is one of the
leading causes of death and accidents. Alcohol use is associated with alcohol addiction, other drug use ,
criminal activity, physical fighting, unintentional injuries, suicidal ideation and attempts , and increased
risk of HIV/AIDS. (Sinson et. al., 2013)

(https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1159#:~:text=Alcohol
%20use%20is%20the%20most,burden%20each%20year%20%5B2%5D.)

Alcohol is part of life for most Filipinos, as well as for many students. For them, Alcohol
played an important role in the social world. Most of the university students who drink or consume
alcohol are teenagers or in the early adolescent stage. (Kalawit Local Government 2021)

(https://www.academia.edu/14136685/EFFECTS_NOF_STUDENTS_ALCOHOLISM_ON_THEIR_AC
ADEMIC_PERFORMANCE_IN_JOSE_RIZAL)

Peoples brains keep developing in their 20’s. Alcohol can potentially affect both brain
structure and function. Alcohol may cause learning problems and make the brain prone to alcohol
dependence. This is risk when people start drinking when they are young and drinking heavily. Eva
Cyhlarova says that heavy drinking interferes the neurotransmitters in the brain that are needed for good
mental health. So while alcohol may help deal with stress, But it can contribute to feeling of depression
and anxiety and makes stress harder to deal with. (Kalawit Local Government 2021)

(https://www.academia.edu/14136685/EFFECTS_NOF_STUDENTS_ALCOHOLISM_ON_THEIR_AC
ADEMIC_PERFORMANCE_IN_JOSE_RIZAL)

Philippine law has the minimum legal age for drinking at 18 years old but underage alcohol drinking is
common in the Philipines. Most teenagers get or buy alcohol without their parents permission. They know
how to obtain-they are able to get it from friends or they can buy for themselves (Joyce Valbuena, 2008)
(https://www.scribd.com/document/426904816/IMPACT-OF-ALCOHOL-TO-ACADEMIC-
PERFORMANCE-Review-of-Related-Literature?
fbclid=IwAR3VHPfbhqjcvEmLA26zitHpSHeC3RAhjLocGKRAphol_0zB9gz42Lr9qaw_)

Results revealed that the Filipino

university students
who smoked–drank tended to be older,
male, and Catholic; to have a big
weekly allowance, a low grade-point
average, and
a strenuous exercise; and to have a
low level of closeness with their
parents, and a high level of closeness
with their peers.
Results revealed that the Filipino
university students
who smoked–drank tended to be older,
male, and Catholic; to have a big
weekly allowance, a low grade-point
average, and
a strenuous exercise; and to have a
low level of closeness with their
parents, and a high level of closeness
with their peers.
Results revealed that the Filipino
university students
who smoked–drank tended to be older,
male, and Catholic; to have a big
weekly allowance, a low grade-point
average, and
a strenuous exercise; and to have a
low level of closeness with their
parents, and a high level of closeness
with their peers.
Result revealed that the Filipino university students who smoked and drank tended to be male; to have a
low grade-point average, big weekly allowance and a strenuous exercise; and to have a high level of
closeness with their peers, and a low level of closeness with their parents. ( Baring et al., 2017)

(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318242387_Exploring_the_characteristics_of_filipino_universi
ty_students_as_concurrent_smokers_and_drinkers)