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    Aryo Syekhan
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    This document discusses the three main classes of rocks and the rock cycle. It also discusses where magmas form and tectonic plate boundaries. The three main classes of rocks are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks form from lithification of sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks via heat and pressure. Rocks can be transformed between these classes through the rock cycle. Magmas that form igneous rocks can originate from three tectonic settings - at divergent plate boundaries during rifting, above subduction zones, or at hot spots unrelated to plate tectonics. The

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    This document discusses the three main classes of rocks and the rock cycle. It also discusses where magmas form and tectonic plate boundaries. The three main classes of rocks are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks form from lithification of sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks via heat and pressure. Rocks can be transformed between these classes through the rock cycle. Magmas that form igneous rocks can originate from three tectonic settings - at divergent plate boundaries during rifting, above subduction zones, or at hot spots unrelated to plate tectonics. The

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    10 views27 pages

    Batuan Dan Tektonik Lempeng

    Uploaded by

    Aryo Syekhan
    This document discusses the three main classes of rocks and the rock cycle. It also discusses where magmas form and tectonic plate boundaries. The three main classes of rocks are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks form from lithification of sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks via heat and pressure. Rocks can be transformed between these classes through the rock cycle. Magmas that form igneous rocks can originate from three tectonic settings - at divergent plate boundaries during rifting, above subduction zones, or at hot spots unrelated to plate tectonics. The

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 27

    BATUAN BEKU

    DAN
    TEKTONIK LEMPENG
    ROCKS (BATUAN)

    ▪ Rocks are aggregates of one or


    more minerals

    ▪ Rocks are classified on the basis


    of how they form
    3 major classes of rocks

    ▪ Igneous rocks
    ▪ Sedimentary rocks
    ▪ Metamorphic rocks
    Sediment
    Rock Cycle
    Each type can be formed from any other

    Weathering,
    transport, and
    deposition Cementation and compaction

    Weathering,
    IGNEOUS transport, SEDIMENTARY
    ROCK and
    Heat and deposition ROCK
    pressure
    (metamorphism)

    Cooling and Heat and


    Solidification pressure
    (crystallization) (metamorphism)

    1_11

    Melting
    METAMORPHIC
    Magma ROCK 6

    (molten rock)
    WHERE DO MAGMAS FORM?

    Basaltic Magmas form


    1. Where crustal plates are rifting
    apart
    2. Where oceanic crust is being
    subducted
    3. Above mantle plume hot spots
    TOPOGRAFI BENUA DAN
    SAMODRA

    AFRIKA

    AMERIKA
    SELATAN
    CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY

    DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY


    Convergent plate boundaries
    BUSUR KEPULAUAN
    Convergent plate boundaries

    TEPIAN BENUA AKTIF


    Divergent plate boundaries
    Mantle:
    Peridotite (ultramafic)

    Upper to 410 km (olivine → spinel)


    Low Velocity Layer 60-220 km

    Transition Zone as velocity increases ~ rapidly


    660 spinel → perovskite-type

    Lower Mantle has more gradual


    velocity increase
    Core:
    Fe-Ni metallic alloy

    Outer Core is
    liquid
    No S-waves

    Inner Core is solid


    PERGERAKAN LEMPENG
    Where Magmas Form

    Riftings Subduction zones Hot spots


    Animation of Tectonic Settings and Volcanic Activity

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