TYPES

of
ROCKS
Prepared by: Jefferson L. Egalla
 How do we classify
rocks?
building blocks of
MINERALS ROCKS
classified based on how they form

Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

What is an IGNEOUS ROCK? Igneous
Igneous rocks are Form from the cooling and
classified according solidification of lava or magma.
to where exactly
they did their INTRUSIVE EXTRUSIVE
cooling and
solidifying. Magma cools slowly Lava cools quickly

Large crystals form Small/no crystals form

Maybe vesicular

Contains air bubbles

Granite
Pegmatite
Basalt
Obsidian
Vesicular
basalt
 What is a Sedimentary rock? Sedimentary
compaction means Form from the compaction
compacting, and cementation of
squeezing together sediments.
Cementation means ORGANIC/CRYSTALLI
gluing/cementing CLASTIC NE
sticking together Compacted sediment Evaporites
sediments
Classified by size Precipitates

Biological matter
fragments, little bits of rock, that have been broken
down as a result of a process known as weathering
Conglomerate
Breccia
Sandstone
Siltstone
Shale
Rock salt
gypsum
dolostone
Coal
Coquina
Sedimentary rocks are the only type of rocks that may
contain fossils, or evidence of past life.
What is a METAMORPHIC
ROCK? Metamorphic
Rocks are changed as a result of exposure
to intense heat and/or pressure

Regional
Contact
Metamorphis
Metamorphism
m
Heat Pressure
1. What can turn pebbles and sand ( sediment) into a conglomerate (sedimentary
rock)?

Compacting and
Cementing
Sediment Conglomerate

Heat and Pressure Melting Weathering and Cooling Compacting and

Erosion Cementing
2. What process can turn limestone (sedimentary rock) into marble
(metamorphic rock)?

Heat and Pressure

Limestone Marble

Heat and Pressure Melting Weathering and Cooling Compacting and

Erosion Cementing
3. What process can turn obsidian (igneous rock) into sediment?

Weathering and
Erosion
Obsidian Sediment

Heat and Pressure Melting Weathering and Cooling Compacting and

Erosion Cementing
4. What process can turn gneiss (metamorphic rock) into magma?

Melting

Gneiss Magma

Heat and Pressure Melting Weathering and Cooling Compacting and

Erosion Cementing
5. Over time, magma deep inside the earth has turned into granite (igneous
rock). What process made this happen?

Cooling

Magma Granite

Heat and Pressure Melting Weathering and Cooling Compacting and

Erosion Cementing
6.The granite has slowly been pushed to the surface of the earth. What is the
name of the process that turned granite into sediment?

Weathering and
Erosion
Granite Sediment

Heat and Pressure Melting Weathering and Cooling Compacting and

Erosion Cementing
7.Over time, the sandy sediment has become a sedimentary rock called
sandstone. What process turns sand(sediment) into sandstone?

Compacting and
Cementing
Sediment Sandstone

Heat and Pressure Melting Weathering and Cooling Compacting and

Erosion Cementing
8.Next, the sandstone gets pushed underground and transforms into metamorphic rock
called quartzite. What process can turn sandstone into quartzite?

Heat and Pressure

Sandstone Quartzite

Heat and Pressure Melting Weathering and Cooling Compacting and

Erosion Cementing
9.What process can turn quartzite into magma?

Melting

Quartzite Magma

Heat and Pressure Melting Weathering and Cooling Compacting and

Erosion Cementing