2018-ME-162

ENGINEERING DRAWING LAB

ENGINEERING DRAWING LAB

Text Book:
First Year Engineering Drawing by A.C Parkinson

Tools:
i. Drawing Board
ii. Tee Square
iii. Set Square
iv. Protractor
v. Half Scholar Sheet
vi. Compass
vii. Steel Rule
viii. Diagonal Scale
ix. H, 2H, 4H pencils
x. French Curve
xi. Erasing Sheet
xii. Sand Paper OR Glass Paper
xiii. Paper Tape OR Scotch Tape

What is Engineering Drawing?

“A graphic language that communicates ideas and information from one mind to another is
called Drawing. It communicates all needed information from engineer to worker.”
OR
“Drawing is a way of information delivering and preserve information. Drawing conveys
dimensions, tolerance, material, finish etc.”
OR
“An Engineering drawing (a type of technical drawing) is used to fully and clearly define
items for engineered items.”
OR
“The graphical representation of any object idea can be termed a s drawing. A drawing can
be prepared using free hand or using engineering instruments or using computer program.”

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• It is a universal language.
• It is the language of workshop.
• Its motto is “To learn, to draw”
• It is made up of Graphic Language and Words.
✓ Graphic language consists of
➢ Shape Language
➢ Line Types
➢ Projection Method
✓ Whereas words consist of
➢ Lettering

TYPES OF DRAWINGS
There are two basic types of drawings:
i. Artistic drawing
ii. Engineering Drawing

1. Artistic Drawing:
“The drawing representing any object or idea which is sketched in free hand using imagination of
artist and in which proper scaling, dimensioning is not maintained is called Artistic Drawing.”

2. Engineering Drawing:
“Engineering drawing can be defined as a graphical language used by engineers and other
technical persons associated with engineering profession which fully and clearly defines the
requirement for engineered items. It is a two dimensional representation of a three dimensional
object.”

Types of Engineering Drawing:

Engineering Drawing can be classified into following categories:
a. Geometrical Drawing
b. Mechanical Engineering Drawing
c. Civil Engineering Drawing
d. Electrical Engineering Drawing
e. Manual Drawing OR Drafting
f. Computer aided design(CAD)
g. Detail Drawing
h. Installation Drawing
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• Geometrical Drawing:
“The art of representing geometric objects such as rectangle, square, circle etc. on a paper is
called Geometrical Drawing. If the object has only two dimensions, then it is called plane
geometric drawing and if it has three dimensions then it is called solid geometric drawing.

• Mechanical Engineering Drawing:

“The art of representing mechanical engineering objects such as machines and machine parts etc.
On a paper is called Mechanical Engineering Drawing or Machine Drawing.”

• Civil Engineering Drawing:

“The art of representing civil engineering objects such as buildings, roads, bridges, dams etc. On
a paper is called Civil Engineering Drawing.”

• Electrical Engineering Drawing:

“The art of representing electrical engineering objects such as motors, generators, transformers
etc. On a paper is called Electrical Engineering Drawing.”

• Manual Drawing OR Drafting:

“The practice of creating drawings by hand is called Manual Drawing”. It is done manually with
T-square, set square, ruler, pencils, large paper sheets and other tools.

• Computer aided design(CAD):

“CAD stands for Computer aided design. It is defined as the use of computer soft wares by
architects, engineers, drafters, artists and others to create drawing or technical illustrations.”
We can use soft wares like AutoCAD, Solid works, Solid Edge etc. to make 2D and 3D
models.

• Detail Drawing:
“Detail Drawing provides complete end product definition of the part or parts depicted on
drawing. It establishes item identification for each part depicted.”

• Installation Drawing:
“Installation Drawing provides information for properly positioning and installing items relative
to their supportive structure and adjacent items as applicable. It may include dimensional data,
descriptions and other configurations for installation.”

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TOOLS USED IN LAB

The description of tools used in engineering drawing lab are as following:

1. Drawing Board:
A drawing board (also drawing table, drafting table or architect's table) is, in its antique form,
a kind of multipurpose desk which can be used for any kind of drawing, writing or impromptu
sketching on a large sheet of paper or for reading a large format book or other oversized document
or for drafting precise technical illustrations (such as engineering drawings or architectural
drawings). The drawing table used to be a frequent companion to a pedestal desk in a gentleman's
study or private library, during the pre-industrial and early industrial era.
There are two parts of drawing board:
i. Batten
ii. Ebony Edge

2. Tee square:
A T-square is a technical drawing instrument used by draftsmen primarily as a guide for drawing
horizontal lines on a drafting table. It may also guide a set square to draw vertical or diagonal lines.
Its name comes from its resemblance to the letter T. T-squares come in varying sizes, common
lengths being 18 inches (460 mm), 24 inches (610 mm), 30 inches (760 mm), 36 inches (910 mm)
and 42 inches (1,100 mm).

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There are two parts of tee square:

i. Blade
ii. Stoke

3. Set Square:
A set square or triangle (American English) is an object used in engineering and technical
drawing, with the aim of providing a straightedge at a right angle or other particular planar angle
to a baseline.
The most simple form of set square is a triangular piece of transparent plastic (or formerly of
polished wood) with the center removed. More commonly the set square bears the markings of a
ruler and a half circle protractor. The outer edges are typically beveled. These set squares come in
two usual forms, both right triangles: one with 90°-45°-45° angles, the other with 30°-60°-90°
angles. Combining the two forms by placing the hypotenuses together will also yield 15° and 75°
angles. They are often purchased in packs with protractors and compasses.

4. Protractor:
A protractor is a measuring instrument, typically made of transparent plastic or glass, for
measuring angles. Most protractors measure angles in degrees (°). Radian-scale protractors
measure angles in radians. Most protractors are divided into 180 equal parts.
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They are used for a variety of mechanical and engineering-related applications, but perhaps the
most common use is in geometry lessons in schools.
Some protractors are simple half-discs. More advanced protractors, such as the bevel protractor,
have one or two swinging arms, which can be used to help measure the angle.

5. Compass:
A pair of compasses, also known simply as a compass, is a technical drawing instrument that can
be used for inscribing circles or arcs. As dividers, they can also be used as tools to measure
distances, in particular on maps. Compasses can be used for mathematics, drafting, navigation and
other purposes.
Compasses are usually made of metal or plastic, and consist of two parts connected by a hinge
which can be adjusted to allow the changing of the radius of the circle drawn. Typically, one part
has a spike at its end, and the other part a pencil, or sometimes a pen.

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6. Steel Rule:
A ruler, sometimes called a rule or line gauge, is a device with equally spaced markings along its
length, used in geometry, technical drawing, engineering and building to measure distances or to
rule straight lines.

7. Diagonal Scale:
Diagonal scale is an engineering measuring instrument which is composed of a set of parallel
straight lines which are obliquely crossed by another set of straight lines. Diagonal scales are used
to measure small fractions of the unit of measurement.

8. French Curve:
A French curve is a template usually made from metal, wood or plastic composed of many
different curves. It is used in manual drafting to draw smooth curves of varying radii. The shapes
are segments of the Euler spiral or clothoid curve. The curve is placed on the drawing material,
and a pencil, knife or other implement is traced around its curves to produce the desired result.

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9. Erasing Sheet OR Erasing Shield:

Erasing Shield is a thin plate (as of metal or celluloid) with holes usually of several sizes used to
confine an erasure to a limited area.

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Panel and Tile Block

Panel: “Panel is the description of sheet.”

2H Pencil

1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9

1. IST YEAR ENGINEERING DRAWING

2. ANGLE OF PROJECTION SCALE
3. SHEET NO. NIUMBER OF TURNS
4. DATE
5. TITLE OF THE SHEET
6. DRAWN BY
7. CHECKED BY
8. AWARD
9. REGISTRATION NUMBER

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Types of Lines
Lines are the basic features of engineering drawing. It is defined as the shortest distance between
two points. There are following types of lines:

1. Outline:
Outlines are continuous lines, uniformly thick. The B.S.I recommend that it should be two to three
times as thick as thin lines.

2. Dimension lines:
Dimension lines are thin. They are often broken to receive the dimension figures.

3. Projection lines:
Projection lines are thin continuous lines.

4. Centre lines:
Centre lines are thin long chain lines. Many of the drawings are balanced about Centre lines, on
and from which measurements are taken.

5. Broken lines:
Thin short dashed lines are broken lines. Their chief use is to show hidden detail or contour of
some part of an object which is invisible from without.

6. Section lines:
Section lines or traces of cutting planes, are the same as Centre lines but are thick.

7. Leaders:
Leaders are used to indicate where dimensions or notes are intended to apply. They are thin
continuous lines terminating in arrow heads or dots.

8. Irregular boundary lines:

Irregular boundary lines are continuous thin free hand lines.

9. Long Break lines:

Long break lines are continuous thin lines ruled with short zig zags. These lines are used to
indicate a break on an adjacent member to which a component is attached.

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Sheet No. 1
Lettering
• 1st angle of Projection
• Scale 1:1
• Number of Turns: 02

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Sheet No. 02
Geometrical Figures
• 1st angle of Projection
• Scale 1:1
• Number of Turns: 01

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SHEET NO.3
U Block
• 1st angle of Projection
• Scale 1:1
• Number of Turns: 01
• 𝟏
L=3 ʺ, W=4ʺ, H=1 ʺ
𝟐
𝟑
𝟒

Applications:
U Block is used for holding items or objects used in workshop etc

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Shaped Block
SHEET NO:04
𝟐𝟏 𝟕
• 1st angle of Projection L= 4ʺ, W= 𝟖 , H= 𝟒
• Scale 1:1
• Number of Turns: 01

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Single Shackle
SHEET NO.05

• 1st angle of projection

• Scale 1:1
• Number of turns 01
• L=8ʺ, W=6ʺ, H=7ʺ

Applications:
Shackles are used for all kind of different applications. Any time an extremely strong and reliable
connection is needed, usually a shackle suits the application best.
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Crankshaft
SHEET NO :06
• 1ST angle of projection
• Scale 1:4
• Number of turns 01
• L=35ʺ, W=5ʺ, H=11ʺ

Applications:
A crankshaft is used wherever there is a need to convert energy and power into rotary
movements. A crankshaft uses connecting rods to transform the movements of the pistons into the
rotational movements that drive the engine. Crankshafts are used in a wide variety of engines,
from motorized chain saws and cars

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SHEET NO .07
Slide Block

• 1st angle of projection

• SCALE 1:1
• Number of turns 01
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟑
• L= 𝟐 ʺ, W=2ʺ, H= 𝟒

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SHEET NO.08
Monkey for Scribing Block

• 1st angle of projection

• Scale 1:1
• Number of turns 01
𝟑𝟑 𝟗 𝟗
• L= 𝟖 , W=𝟒, H=𝟒

Applications:
Monkey for scribing block is a hard tool used to mark lines on work pieces, prior to machining. The process
of using a scriber is called scribing, and is just part of process of marking out.

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SHEET NO: 09
Gland For Stuffing Box

• 1st angle of projection

• Scale 1:1
• Number of Turns 01
• L=21/8ʺ, W=23/8ʺ, H=2ʺ

Applications:
A stuffing box is an assembly which is used to house a seal. It is used to prevent leakage of fluid, such as water
or steam, between sliding or turning parts of machine elements e.g. in boats and steam engines etc.

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SHEET NO.10
OPEN ENDED LABORATORY PROJECT

ASSIGNED MODEL
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