14.

1 Double Integrals over Rectangular Region

Homework: 1, 4, 9, 11, 13, 15, 21, 29, 31, 39, 47

Review: If y = f (x) is defined on the closed interval [a, b], [a, b] is divided into n equal
subintervals [x0 , x1],[x1, x2 ],.......,[xi 1, xi ],...,[xn1, xn ], where a = x0 and b = xn. Choose any
n
sample point xi* from each interval [xi 1, xi ], construct the Riemann sum  f ( x i* )x , where
i 1

x  ba
n
.

Then take the limit of the Riemann sum as n   (or x  0) to obtain the definite integral
n

 f (x
b
)x  
*
lim i f ( x) dx
n  a
i 1
Note: (1) If the above limit exists, f said to be integrable on [a, b]. If f is continuous on [a, b],
then f is integrable on [a, b].
b
(2) If f (x) ≥ 0 on [a, b], then  a
f ( x) dx represents the area of the region bounded by the
x-axis and the graph of f (x) from a to b.

Double Integrals over Rectangular Region

Let z = f (x, y) be defined over the rectangular region R. Also assume that f (x, y) ≥ 0 on R for a
while. Let S be the solid that lies below the surface of z = f (x, y) and above the xy-plane over R.

Our purpose is to find the volume of the solid S.

Step 1: Divide the region R into equal sub-rectangles Ri j by dividing [a, b] into m equal
subintervals [x0 , x1],[x1, x2 ],.......,[xi 1, xi ],...,[xm1, xm ] and [c, d] into n equal subintervals
[ y0 , y1],[ y1, y2 ],.......,[ y j 1, y j ],...,[ y n1, y n ].
Step 2: Here Ri j = [xi 1, xi ] [y j 1, y j ]. Let x  ba
m
and x  d c
n
. Choose a sample point
from each sub-rectangle Ri j.
Step 3: Construct a rectangular box with the base Ri j and height f ( xi* j , yi* j ) . The volume of this
box is f ( xi* j , yi* j )A, where A  x y .
Step 4: Add all these volumes of the boxes obtain from Step 3 to get an approximation to the total
volume of the solid S. To make the approximation as accurate as possible, we let m   , n  
n m
(or x  0 and y  0): lim
m,n 
  f (x , y
j 1 i 1
*
i
*
j )A . We define this limit of the Riemann sum as

the double integral of z = f (x, y) over the region R.

Definition: The double integral of f over the rectangular region R is

n m

 f ( x, y) dA  lim
m,n 
  f (x , y
j 1 i 1
*
i
*
j )A .
R
If the above limit exists, f is said to be integrable over the region R.

Note: (1) If f is a continuous function, then f is integrable.

(2) If f (x, y) ≥ 0 on R, then  f ( x, y) dA represents the volume of the solid that lies between the
R
surface of z = f (x, y) and the region R.

Ex: Let z  16  x 2  y 2 over the rectangular region R = [0, 2][0, 2].

Use 4 rectangles to approximate ∬𝑅 𝑧 𝑑𝑥

Ex: Let R  {(x, y) | 1  x  1,  2  y  2} . Evaluate the following double integral by a

geometry:  1  x 2 dA .
R
Iterated Integrals
b
 d
f ( x, y) dy  dx or
d
 b
f ( x, y) dx dy .
If the region R = [a, b]×[c, d], then  f (x, y) dA   
R
a c   
c a 
The right hand side integral is called an iterated integral.

3 2
Ex: Evaluate the iterated integrals: 
0 1
x 2 y dy dx

Fubini’s Theorem If f is continuous on the rectangular R = [a, b]×[c, d], then

b
 d
f ( x, y) dy  dx 
d
 b
f ( x, y) dx dy
 f (x, y) dA   
R
a c   
c a 

Ex: Evaluate the double integral  y sin(xy) dA , where R  {(x, y) |1  x  2, 0  y  } .

R

Ex: Find the volume of the solid S that is bounded by the elliptic paraboloid x 2  2 y 2  z  16 ,
the planes x = 2, and y = 2 in the first octant.

Ex: Integrate  sin x cos y dA, where R  [0,

R

2
] [0, 2].