See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/264500301

Solanaceae: The nightshade family

Article · August 2014

CITATIONS READS

0 4,134

4 authors, including:

Peiman Zandi William Cetzal Ix

Pedagogical University of Cracow Instituto Tecnológico de Chiná, Campeche, México
136 PUBLICATIONS   423 CITATIONS    142 PUBLICATIONS   334 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

wheat proect View project

Sulfur nutrition: implications on iron plaque formation and subsequent attenuation of Cr uptake by two sub-species of rice plants View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Peiman Zandi on 07 August 2014.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Login Not a Member?

Get Involved in Creating EoE Content Current Members and Authors Search This Site

Encyclopedia of Encyclopedia of Earth

Earth Topics

About the EoE

Solanaceae: The nightshade family
Published: August 5, 2014, 3:20 pm
Agricultural &
Author: Saikat Basu
Resource Ec...
Author: Peiman Zandi
Biodiversity
Author: William Cetzal-Ix
Author: Ratnabali Sengupta
Biology
Editorial Review: Mark McGinley

Topics: Botany
Climate Change
Biodiversity

Ecology Biology

Environmental &
Earth Science

Energy

Environmental
Law & Policy Browallia viscosa, Cambridge University Botanic Garden (By Magnus Manske
(Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-
Environmental
sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons)
Humanities

Food The Solanaceae family represents around 85 genera of floweing plants consisting of over 2800 species
globally (D’Arcy, 1986; Albuquerque et al., 2006). Its cosmopolitan distribution is best represented in
Forests tropical and temperate regions, with Australia and Latin America as major dispersal centers (Barroso et al.,
1991). The greatest species diversity is reported in tropical South America and is considered to be the origin
Geography
of Solanaceae (Hunziker, 1979).
Hazards &
Disasters
Physical Description
Health
Plant members are typically trees, shrubs and herbs, though there are some climbers, vines and epiphytes
Mining & (Barroso et al. 1991). Leaves are usually simple; sometimes they are greatly lobed, petiolate/sub-sessile or
Materials phyllotaxy-alternate/alternate to opposed. Leaves are herbaceous, leathery or modified spines.
People
Inflorescences are mostly cymose and axillary, but may be reduced to a single flower. Flowers are bisexual,
regular/irregular, medium sized, single/grouped, with cymose/axillary inflorescences and are usually
Physics &
pentamerous (5-membered). Most species are bisexual (hermaphrodites), some are monoecious/dioecious,
Chemistry
perianth present, and calyx united. The corolla has five sepals and petals whose shape varies from long to
Pollution tubular/rotate/campanulate. Androecium are comprised of 2, 4, 5, or 6 free stamens, alternating with the
Society &
petals, showing flat/filliform filament. Gynoecium bicarpelary, ovary superior, 2-chambered containing 1-
Environment 50 ovules per chamber, anatropous/hemianatropous, placentation axillary. Fruits berries/capsules/drupe.
Seeds are predominantly small, round and flat (Williams 1983; Rzedowski and Rzedowski G, 1985; Tamboia
Water
et al., 1986; Barrosa et al. 1991).
Weather &
Climate
Importance of Family
Wildlife
The family is well-known for production of wide varieties of secondary metabolites for example, alkaloids,
flavonoids and terpenes (Evans, 1986). Recently, the ecological importance of Solanum alkaloids in limiting
frugivory (Cipollini and Levey, 1997a; Albuquerque et al., 2006) and as antifungal agents (Cipollini and
Levey, 1997b) have been reported. While several members are pharmacologically important, like Atropa,
Datura (Bohs and Olmstead, 1997), others serve as major food crops like peppers (Fig 1), eggplant (Fig 2)
tomato (Fig 3) and tuberous potatoes (Fig 4) (Basu and De, 2003). Still others are used as ornamental
plants (petunias, Nicotiana, etc.)

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 1 / 20

 Figure 1: Several species of Capsicum (commonly known as pepper, chili, sweet pepper or bell pepper, hot chili pepper or chili pepper,
jalapeno pepper etc) are known all over the globe, but two most commercially successful species that are cultivated across the planet are
Capsicum annuum L. and Capsium frutescens L. 1-15. Different cultivars and/or germplasms /genotypes of different species of Capsicum
showing the wide diversity of shapes, sizes, color, aroma, flavor and degree of hotness. 8. Flower of Capsium frutescens L. [Photo
credits: 1-9: Ratnabali Sengupta; 10-15: Saikat Basu]

Figure 2: Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) 1. Plant; 2. Flower; 3. Flower bud; 4-13. Different cultivars of eggplant grown across the
gloabe for commercial production. [Photo credits: 1-3; 5-13: Ratnabali Sengupta; 4; Saikat Basu]

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 2 / 20

 Figure 3. 1. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants growing under greenhouse conditions; 2. Potato root system showing growth of tubers;
Tubers with 3. White-fleshed tuber; 4. Yellow-fleshed tuber; 5-6. Deep purple colored flesh; 7. Pink colored flesh; 8. Pale red colored flesh;
9. Deep purple colored flesh [Photo credits: 1: Saikat Basu; 2-3: Ratnabali Sengupta; 4-9: Xianping Li and Yanshan Li]

Figure 4. 1-6. Flowers and fruits of tomato (Solanum lycopersion L.); 7. Solanum nigrum L.; 8. Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam.; and 9.
Solanum torvum Sw. [Photo credits: 1, 2, 4 & 6: Saikat Basu; 3, 5, 7-9: Ratnabali Sengupta]

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 3 / 20

 Figure 5. Ornamental Solanaceae-Petunias under different shades and color [Photo credits: Ratnabali Sengupta] Source: Saikat Basu,
own work

A list of members representing the family is presented in Table 1.

Table. 1. Solanaceae members

Ref. Species & accepted Taxa Genera Family

USDA,2014 Acnistus arborescens (L.) Schltdl Acnistus Schott Solanaceae

USDA,2014 Atropa bella-donna L. Atropa L.

USDA,2014 Bouchetia erecta DC. Bouchetia Dunal

USDA,2014 Browallia americana L.

Browallia L.
USDA,2014 Browallia eludens R.K. Van
Devender & P.D. Jenkins

USDA,2014 Brugmansia ×candida Pers. (pro Brugmansia

sp.) Pers.

USDA,2014 Brugmansia sanguinea (Ruiz &

Pav.) D. Don

USDA,2014 Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. &

Bonpl. ex Willd.) Bercht. & C. Presl

USDA,2014 Brugmansia versicolor Lagerh.

USDA,2014 Brunfelsia americana L. Brunfelsia L.

USDA,2014 Brunfelsia chiricaspi Plowman

USDA,2014 Brunfelsia densifolia Krug & Urb.

USDA,2014 Brunfelsia grandiflora D. Don

USDA,2014 Brunfelsia lactea Krug & Urb.

USDA,2014 Brunfelsia nitida Benth.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 4 / 20

USDA,2014 Brunfelsia pauciflora (Cham. &

 USDA,2014 Brunfelsia nitida Benth.

USDA,2014 Brunfelsia pauciflora (Cham. &

Schltdl.) Benth.

USDA,2014 Brunfelsia pauciflora (Cham. &

Schltdl.) Benth. var. calycina
(Benth.) J.A. Schmidt

USDA,2014 Brunfelsia portoricensis Krug &

Urb.

USDA,2014 Brunfelsia uniflora (Pohl) D. Don

USDA,2014 Calibrachoa parviflora (Juss.) Calibrachoa

D'Arcy Llave & Lex.

USDA,2014 Capsicum annuum L. Capsicum L.

USDA,2014 Capsicum annuum L. var.

annuum

USDA,2014 Capsicum annuum L. var.

glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser &
Pickersgill

USDA,2014 Capsicum baccatum L.

USDA,2014 Capsicum baccatum L. var.

baccatum

USDA,2014 Capsicum baccatum L. var.

pendulum (Willd.) Eshb.

USDA,2014 Capsicum chinense Jacq.

[excluded]

USDA,2014 Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav.

USDA,2014 Capsicum annuum L. var.

glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser &
Pickersgill

USDA,2014 Cestrum alternifolium (Jacq.) O.E. Cestrum L.

Schulz

USDA,2014 Cestrum aurantiacum Lindl.

USDA,2014 Cestrum daphnoides Griseb.

[excluded]

USDA,2014 Cestrum diurnum L.

USDA,2014 Cestrum elegans (Brongn. ex

Neumann) Schltdl.

USDA,2014 Cestrum fasciculatum (Schltdl.)

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Miers Page 5 / 20
 USDA,2014 Cestrum fasciculatum (Schltdl.)
Miers

USDA,2014 Cestrum laurifolium L'Hér.

USDA,2014 Cestrum nocturnum L.

USDA,2014 Cestrum parqui L'Hér.

USDA,2014 Cestrum salicifolium Jacq.

USDA,2014 Chamaesaracha coniodes (Moric. Chamaesaracha

ex Dunal) Britton (A. Gray) Benth.

USDA,2014 Chamaesaracha coronopus

(Dunal) A. Gray

USDA,2014 Chamaesaracha crenata Rydb.

USDA,2014 Chamaesaracha edwardsiana

Averett

USDA,2014 Chamaesaracha pallida Averett

USDA,2014 Chamaesaracha sordida (Dunal)

A. Gray

USDA,2014 Chamaesaracha villosa Rydb.

USDA,2014 Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Cyphomandra

Sendtn Mart. ex
Sendtn.

USDA,2014 Datura ceratocaula Ortega Datura L. Solanaceae

USDA,2014 Datura discolor Bernh.

USDA,2014 Datura inermis Jacq. [excluded]

USDA,2014 Datura inoxia Mill.

USDA,2014 Datura kymatocarpa Barclay

USDA,2014 Datura leichhardtii F. Muell. ex

Benth.

USDA,2014 Datura pruinosa Greenman

USDA,2014 Datura quercifolia Kunth

USDA,2014 Datura reburra Barclay

USDA,2014 Datura stramonium L.

USDA,2014 Datura wrightii Regel

USDA,2014 D. leichhardtii F. Muell Duboisia R. Br.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 6 / 20

USDA,2014 D. hopwoodii F. Muell.

 USDA,2014 D. leichhardtii F. Muell Duboisia R. Br.

USDA,2014 D. hopwoodii F. Muell.

USDA,2014 D. myoporoides R. Br.

USDA,2014 Fabiana imbricata Ruiz & Pav. Fabiana Ruiz &

Pav.

USDA,2014 Goetzea elegans Wydler Goetzea Wydler

USDA,2014 Hunzikeria texana (Torr.) D'Arcy Hunzikeria

D'Arcy

USDA,2014 Hyoscyamus albus L. Hyoscyamus L.

USDA,2014 Hyoscyamus muticus L.

USDA,2014 Hyoscyamus niger L.

USDA,2014 Iochroma cyaneum (Lindl.) M.L. Iochroma

Green Benth., nom.
cons.

USDA,2014 Jaborosa integrifolia Lam. Jaborosa Juss.

USDA,2014 Jaltomata antillana (Krug & Jaltomata

Urb.) D'Arcy Schltdl.

USDA,2014 Jaltomata procumbens (Cav.)

J.L. Gentry

USDA,2014 Leucophysalis grandiflora Leucophysalis

(Hook.) Rydb. Rydb.

USDA,2014 Leucophysalis nana (A. Gray)

Averett

USDA,2014 Lycianthes asarifolia (Kunth & Lycianthes

Bouché) Bitter (Dunal) Hassler

USDA,2014 Lycianthes rantonnetii (Carrière)

Bitter

USDA,2014 Lycianthes virgata (Lam.) Bitter

USDA,2014 Lycium andersonii A. Gray Lycium L.

USDA,2014 Lycium andersonii A. Gray var.

andersonii

USDA,2014 Lycium andersonii A. Gray var.

deserticola (C.L. Hitchc.) C.L.
Hitchc. ex Munz

USDA,2014 Lycium andersonii A. Gray var.

wrightii A. Gray
Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 7 / 20

USDA,2014 Lycium barbarum L.

 USDA,2014 Lycium andersonii A. Gray var.
wrightii A. Gray

USDA,2014 Lycium barbarum L.

USDA,2014 Lycium berlandieri Dunal

USDA,2014 Lycium berlandieri Dunal var.

berlandieri

USDA,2014 Lycium berlandieri Dunal var.

longistylum C.L. Hitchc.

USDA,2014 Lycium berlandieri Dunal var.

parviflorum (A. Gray) Terracc.

USDA,2014 Lycium brevipes Benth.

USDA,2014 Lycium californicum Nutt. ex A.

Gray

USDA,2014 Lycium californicum Nutt. ex A.

Gray var. arizonicum A. Gray

USDA,2014 Lycium californicum Nutt. ex A.

Gray var. californicum

USDA,2014 Lycium carolinianum Walter

USDA,2014 Lycium carolinianum Walter var.

carolinianum

USDA,2014 Lycium carolinianum Walter var.

quadrifidum (Dunal) C.L. Hitchc.

USDA,2014 Lycium chinense Mill.

USDA,2014 Lycium cooperi A. Gray

USDA,2014 Lycium depressum Stocks

USDA,2014 Lycium exsertum A. Gray

USDA,2014 Lycium ferocissimum Miers

USDA,2014 Lycium fremontii A. Gray

USDA,2014 Lycium hassei Greene

USDA,2014 Lycium macrodon A. Gray

USDA,2014 Lycium pallidum Miers

USDA,2014 Lycium pallidum Miers var.

oligospermum C.L. Hitchc.

USDA,2014 Lycium pallidum Miers var. Lycium L. Solanaceae

pallidum
Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 8 / 20

USDA,2014 Lycium parishii A. Gray

 USDA,2014 Lycium pallidum Miers var. Lycium L. Solanaceae
pallidum

USDA,2014 Lycium parishii A. Gray

USDA,2014 Lycium puberulum A. Gray

USDA,2014 Lycium puberulum A. Gray var.

berberioides (Correll) Chiang

USDA,2014 Lycium puberulum A. Gray var.

puberulum

USDA,2014 Lycium sandwicense A. Gray

USDA,2014 Lycium shockleyi A. Gray

USDA,2014 Lycium texanum Correll

USDA,2014 Lycium torreyi A. Gray

USDA,2014 Lycium tweedianum Griseb.

USDA,2014 Lycium tweedianum Griseb. var.

chrysocarpum (Urb. & Ekman)
C.L. Hitchc.

USDA,2014 Lycium tweedianum Griseb. var.

tweedianum Griseb. [excluded]

USDA,2014 Mandragora officinarum L. Mandragora L.

USDA,2014 Margaranthus solanaceus Margaranthus

Schltdl. Schltdl.

USDA,2014 Nectouxia formosa Kunth Nectouxia

Kunth

USDA,2014 Nicandra physalodes (L.) Scop. Nicandra

Adans.

USDA,2014 Nicotiana acuminata (Graham) Nicotiana L.

Hook

USDA,2014 Nicotiana acuminata (Graham)

Hook. var. acuminata (Graham)
Hook. [excluded]

USDA,2014 Nicotiana acuminata (Graham)

Hook. var. multiflora (Phil.)
Reiche

USDA,2014 Nicotiana alata Link & Otto

USDA,2014 Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S.

Watson

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net USDA,2014 Nicotiana clevelandii A. Gray Page 9 / 20

 USDA,2014 Nicotiana clevelandii A. Gray

USDA,2014 Nicotiana excelsior (J.M. Black)

J.M. Black

USDA,2014 Nicotiana forgetiana Hort. ex

Hemsl.

USDA,2014 Nicotiana glauca Graham

USDA,2014 Nicotiana glutinosa L.

USDA,2014 Nicotiana glutinosa L.

USDA,2014 Nicotiana longiflora Cav.

USDA,2014 Nicotiana obtusifolia M. Martens

& Galeotti

USDA,2014 Nicotiana obtusifolia M. Martens

& Galeotti var. obtusifolia

USDA,2014 Nicotiana obtusifolia M. Martens

& Galeotti var. palmeri (A. Gray)
Kartesz

USDA,2014 Nicotiana paniculata L.

USDA,2014 Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv.

USDA,2014 Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh

USDA,2014 Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh var.

bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf

USDA,2014 Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh var.

quadrivalvis

USDA,2014 Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh var.

wallacei (A. Gray) Mansf.

USDA,2014 Nicotiana repanda Willd. ex

Lehm.

USDA,2014 Nicotiana rustica L.

USDA,2014 Nicotiana ×sanderae hort. ex W.

Watson (pro sp.)

USDA,2014 Nicotiana suaveolens Lehm.

USDA,2014 Nicotiana sylvestris Speg. &

Comes

USDA,2014 Nicotiana tabacum L.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net USDA,2014 Nicotiana tomentosa Ruiz & Pav. Page 10 / 20
 USDA,2014 Nicotiana tomentosa Ruiz & Pav.

USDA,2014 Nicotiana velutina H.-M. Wheeler

USDA,2014 Nierembergia hippomanica Miers Nierembergia Solanaceae

Ruiz & Pav.
USDA,2014 Nierembergia hippomanica Miers
var. caerulea (Miers) Millán

USDA,2014 Nierembergia scoparia Sendtn.

USDA,2014 Nothocestrum breviflorum A. Nothocestrum

Gray A. Gray

USDA,2014 Nothocestrum latifolium A. Gray

USDA,2014 Nothocestrum longifolium A.

Gray

USDA,2014 Nothocestrum peltatum Skottsb.

USDA,2014 Oryctes nevadensis S. Watson Oryctes S.

Watson

USDA,2014 Petunia ×atkinsiana D. Don ex Petunia Juss.

Loudon

USDA,2014 Petunia axillaris (Lam.) Britton,

Sterns & Poggenb.

USDA,2014 Petunia integrifolia (Hook.)

Schinz & Thell.

USDA,2014 Physalis acutifolia (Miers) Sandw. Physalis L.

USDA,2014 Physalis alkekengi L.

USDA,2014 Physalis angulata L.

USDA,2014 Physalis angustifolia Nutt.

USDA,2014 Physalis arenicola Kearney

USDA,2014 Physalis carpenteri Riddell ex

Rydb.

USDA,2014 Physalis caudella Standl.

USDA,2014 Physalis cinerascens (Dunal)

Hitchc.

USDA,2014 Physalis cinerascens (Dunal)

Hitchc. var. cinerascens

USDA,2014 Physalis cinerascens (Dunal)

Hitchc. var. spathulifolia (Torr.)
Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net J.R. Sullivan Page 11 / 20
 USDA,2014 Physalis cinerascens (Dunal)
Hitchc. var. spathulifolia (Torr.)
J.R. Sullivan

USDA,2014 Physalis cordata Mill.

USDA,2014 Physalis crassifolia Benth.

USDA,2014 Physalis crassifolia Benth. var.

crassifolia

USDA,2014 Physalis crassifolia Benth. var.

versicolor (Rydb.) Waterf.

USDA,2014 Physalis grisea (Waterf.) M.

Martínez

USDA,2014 Physalis hederifolia A. Gray

USDA,2014 Physalis hederifolia A. Gray var.

comata (Rydb.) Waterf.

USDA,2014 Physalis hederifolia A. Gray var.

fendleri (A. Gray) Cronquist

USDA,2014 Physalis hederifolia A. Gray var.

hederifolia

USDA,2014 Physalis hederifolia A. Gray var.

palmeri (A. Gray) Cronquist

USDA,2014 Physalis heterophylla Nees

USDA,2014 Physalis heterophylla Nees var.

heterophylla

USDA,2014 Physalis heterophylla Nees var.

rowellii Stanford

USDA,2014 Physalis hispida (Waterf.)

Cronquist

USDA,2014 Physalis lanceolata Michx.

USDA,2014 Physalis latiphysa Waterf.

USDA,2014 Physalis longifolia Nutt.

USDA,2014 Physalis longifolia Nutt. var.

longifolia

USDA,2014 Physalis longifolia Nutt. var.

subglabrata (Mack. & Bush)
Cronquist

USDA,2014 Physalis minima L.

USDA,2014 Physalis missouriensis Mack. &

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Bush Page 12 / 20
 USDA,2014 Physalis missouriensis Mack. &
Bush

USDA,2014 Physalis mollis Nutt.

USDA,2014 Physalis mollis Nutt. var. mollis

USDA,2014 Physalis mollis Nutt. var.

variovestita (Waterf.) J.R.
Sullivan

USDA,2014 Physalis peruviana L.

USDA,2014 Physalis philadelphica Lam.

USDA,2014 Physalis philadelphica Lam. var.

immaculata Waterf.

USDA,2014 Physalis pubescens L.

USDA,2014 Physalis pubescens L. var.

integrifolia (Dunal) Waterf.

USDA,2014 Physalis pubescens L. var. Physalis L. Solanaceae

pubescens

USDA,2014 Physalis pumila Nutt.

USDA,2014 Physalis subulata Rydb.

USDA,2014 Physalis subulata Rydb. var.

neomexicana (Rydb.) Waterf. ex
Kartesz & Gandhi

USDA,2014 Physalis subulata Rydb. var.

subulata Rydb. [excluded]

USDA,2014 Physalis turbinata Medik.

USDA,2014 Physalis virginiana Mill.

USDA,2014 Physalis virginiana Mill. var.

campaniforma Waterf.

USDA,2014 Physalis virginiana Mill. var.

polyphylla (Greene) Waterf.

USDA,2014 Physalis virginiana Mill. var.

texana (Rydb.) Waterf.

USDA,2014 Physalis virginiana Mill. var.

virginiana

USDA,2014 Physalis viscosa L.

USDA,2014 Physalis walteri Nutt.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net USDA,2014 Quincula lobata (Torr.) Raf. Quincula Raf. Page 13 / 20
 USDA,2014 Physalis walteri Nutt.

USDA,2014 Quincula lobata (Torr.) Raf. Quincula Raf.

USDA,2014 Salpichroa origanifolia (Lam.) Salpichroa

Thell. Miers

USDA,2014 Salpiglossis sinuata Ruiz & Pav. Salpiglossis K.

Koch

USDA,2014 Schizanthus pinnatus Ruiz & Pav. Schizanthus

Ruiz & Pav.

USDA,2014 Scopolia carniolica Jacq. Scopolia Jacq.

USDA,2014 Solandra grandiflora Sw Solandra Sw.

USDA,2014 Solandra longiflora Tussac

[excluded]

USDA,2014 Solandra nitida Zuccagni

USDA,2014 Solanum aculeastrum Dunal Solanum L.

USDA,2014 Solanum adscendens Sendtn.

USDA,2014 Solanum aethiopicum L.

USDA,2014 Solanum americanum Mill.

USDA,2014 Solanum anguivi Lam.

USDA,2014 Solanum aviculare G. Forst.

USDA,2014 Solanum bahamense L.

USDA,2014 Solanum bahamense L. var.

bahamense

USDA,2014 Solanum bahamense L. var.

luxurians D'Arcy

USDA,2014 Solanum bahamense L. var.

rugelii D'Arcy

USDA,2014 Solanum bulbocastanum Dunal

USDA,2014 Solanum burbankii Bitter

USDA,2014 Solanum campechiense L.

USDA,2014 Solanum candidum Lindl.

USDA,2014 Solanum capsicoides All.

USDA,2014 Solanum cardiophyllum Lindl.

USDA,2014 Solanum carolinense L.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 14 / 20

USDA,2014 Solanum carolinense L. var.

 USDA,2014 Solanum carolinense L.

USDA,2014 Solanum carolinense L. var.

carolinense

USDA,2014 Solanum carolinense L. var.

floridanum (Shuttlw. ex Dunal)
Chapm.

USDA,2014 Solanum citrullifolium A. Braun

USDA,2014 Solanum citrullifolium A. Braun

var. citrullifolium

USDA,2014 Solanum citrullifolium A. Braun

var. setigerum Bartlett

USDA,2014 Solanum clokeyi Munz

USDA,2014 Solanum commersonii Dunal ex

Poir.

USDA,2014 Solanum conocarpum Dunal

USDA,2014 Solanum davisense M.D. Whalen

USDA,2014 Solanum demissum Lindl.

USDA,2014 Solanum dimidiatum Raf.

USDA,2014 Solanum diphyllum L.

USDA,2014 Solanum donianum Walp.

USDA,2014 Solanum douglasii Dunal

USDA,2014 Solanum dulcamara L.

USDA,2014 Solanum dulcamara L. var.

dulcamara

USDA,2014 Solanum dulcamara L. var.

villosissimum Desv.

USDA,2014 Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.

USDA,2014 Solanum erianthum D. Don

USDA,2014 Solanum fendleri A. Gray ex Torr.

USDA,2014 Solanum fendleri A. Gray ex Torr.

var. fendleri

USDA,2014 Solanum fendleri A. Gray ex Torr.

var. texense Correll

USDA,2014 Solanum ferox L. Solanum L. Solanaceae

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 15 / 20

USDA,2014 Solanum furcatum Dunal ex Poir.

 USDA,2014 Solanum ferox L. Solanum L. Solanaceae

USDA,2014 Solanum furcatum Dunal ex Poir.

USDA,2014 Solanum gayanum (Remy) Phil. f.

USDA,2014 Solanum gilo Raddi

USDA,2014 Solanum glaucophyllum Desf.

USDA,2014 Solanum guamense Merr.

USDA,2014 Solanum heterodoxum Dunal

USDA,2014 Solanum heterodoxum Dunal var.

heterodoxum

USDA,2014 Solanum heterodoxum Dunal var.

novomexicanum Bartlett

USDA,2014 Solanum heterodoxum Dunal var.

setigeroides M.D. Whalen

USDA,2014 Solanum hindsianum Benth.

USDA,2014 Solanum hispidum Pers.

USDA,2014 Solanum hyporhodium A. Braun

& Bouche

USDA,2014 Solanum incanum L.

USDA,2014 Solanum incompletum Dunal

USDA,2014 Solanum interius Rydb.

USDA,2014 Solanum jamaicense Mill.

USDA,2014 Solanum jamesii Torr.

USDA,2014 Solanum jasminoides Paxton

USDA,2014 Solanum khasianum C.B. Clarke

USDA,2014 Solanum lanceifolium Jacq.

USDA,2014 Solanum lanceolatum Cav.

USDA,2014 Solanum leptosepalum Correll

USDA,2014 Solanum lumholtzianum Bartlett

USDA,2014 Solanum lycopersicum L.

USDA,2014 Solanum lycopersicum L. var.

cerasiforme (Dunal) Spooner, G.J.
Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Anderson & R.K. Jansen Page 16 / 20
 cerasiforme (Dunal) Spooner, G.J.
Anderson & R.K. Jansen

USDA,2014 Solanum lycopersicum L. var.

lycopersicum

USDA,2014 Solanum macrocarpon L.

USDA,2014 Solanum mammosum L.

USDA,2014 Solanum marginatum L. f.

USDA,2014 Solanum mariannense Hosok.

USDA,2014 Solanum mauritianum Scop.

USDA,2014 Solanum melanocerasum All.

USDA,2014 Solanum melongena L.

USDA,2014 Solanum mucronatum O.E.

Schulz

USDA,2014 Solanum muricatum Aiton

USDA,2014 Solanum nelsonii Dunal

USDA,2014 Solanum nigrescens M. Martens

& Galeotti

USDA,2014 Solanum nigrum L.

USDA,2014 Solanum nudum Kunth ex Dunal

USDA,2014 Solanum parishii A. Heller

USDA,2014 Solanum peruvianum L.

USDA,2014 Solanum phureja Juz. & Buk.

USDA,2014 Solanum physalifolium Rusby

USDA,2014 Solanum pimpinellifolium Jusl.

USDA,2014 Solanum pinnatisectum Dunal

[excluded]

USDA,2014 Solanum polygamum Vahl

USDA,2014 Solanum pseudocapsicum L.

USDA,2014 Solanum pseudogracile Heiser

USDA,2014 Solanum pterocaulon Dunal

[excluded]

USDA,2014 Solanum ptycanthum Dunal

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 17 / 20

USDA,2014 Solanum pumilum Dunal

 USDA,2014 Solanum ptycanthum Dunal

USDA,2014 Solanum pumilum Dunal

USDA,2014 Solanum pyrifolium Lam.

USDA,2014 Solanum quitoense Lam.

USDA,2014 Solanum racemosum Jacq.

USDA,2014 Solanum riedlei Dunal

USDA,2014 Solanum robustum Wendl.

USDA,2014 Solanum rostratum Dunal Solanum L. Solanaceae

USDA,2014 Solanum rugosum Dunal

USDA,2014 Solanum sandwicense Hook. &

Arn.

USDA,2014 Solanum scabrum Mill.

USDA,2014 Solanum seaforthianum

Andrews

USDA,2014 Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal

USDA,2014 Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam.

USDA,2014 Solanum tampicense Dunal

USDA,2014 Solanum tenuilobatum Parish

USDA,2014 Solanum tenuipes Bartlett

USDA,2014 Solanum tenuipes Bartlett var.

latisectum M.D. Whalen

USDA,2014 Solanum tenuipes Bartlett var.

tenuipes

USDA,2014 Solanum torvum Sw.

USDA,2014 Solanum triflorum Nutt.

USDA,2014 Solanum triquetrum Cav.

USDA,2014 Solanum tuberosum L.

USDA,2014 Solanum umbellatum Mill.

USDA,2014 Solanum umbelliferum Eschsch.

USDA,2014 Solanum umbelliferum Eschsch.

var. glabrescens Torr.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 18 / 20

USDA,2014 Solanum umbelliferum Eschsch.
 var. glabrescens Torr.

USDA,2014 Solanum umbelliferum Eschsch.

var. incanum Torr.

USDA,2014 Solanum umbelliferum Eschsch.

var. umbelliferum

USDA,2014 Solanum viarum Dunal

USDA,2014 Solanum villosum (L.) Mill.

USDA,2014 Solanum virginianum L.

USDA,2014 Solanum viride G. Forst. ex

Spreng.

USDA,2014 Solanum wallacei (A. Gray)

Parish

USDA,2014 Solanum wendlandii Hook. f.

USDA,2014 Solanum woodburyi Howard

USDA,2014 Solanum xanti A. Gray

USDA,2014 Solanum xanti A. Gray var.

glabrescens Parish

USDA,2014 Solanum xanti A. Gray var.

hoffmannii Munz

USDA,2014 Solanum xanti A. Gray var.

intermedium Parish

USDA,2014 Solanum xanti A. Gray var.

montanum Munz

USDA,2014 Solanum xanti A. Gray var.

obispoense (Eastw.) Wiggins

USDA,2014 Solanum xanti A. Gray var. xanti

USDA,2014 Streptosolen jamesonii (Benth.) Streptosolen

Miers Miers

USDA,2014 Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal – Withania

withania Pauquy

USDA,2014 Withania frutescens (L.) Pauquy

var. grossii Pau

References and Further Reading

Albuquerque LB, Velázquez A, Mayorga­Saucedo R (2006) Solanaceae composition, pollination and seed
dispersal syndromes in Mexican Mountain Cloud Forest. Acta Bot. Bras., 20(3): 599-613.
Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 19 / 20
Barroso GM, Peixoto AL, Ichaso CLF, Costa CG, Guimarães EF, Lima HC (1991) Sistemática de
Angiospermas do Brasil. v.3. Viçosa, Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
 Albuquerque LB, Velázquez A, Mayorga­Saucedo R (2006) Solanaceae composition, pollination and seed
dispersal syndromes in Mexican Mountain Cloud Forest. Acta Bot. Bras., 20(3): 599-613.
Barroso GM, Peixoto AL, Ichaso CLF, Costa CG, Guimarães EF, Lima HC (1991) Sistemática de
Angiospermas do Brasil. v.3. Viçosa, Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Basu, SK and De, AK (2003) Capsicum: historical and botanical perspectives. In: De, A. K. (edited)
Capsicum: The genus Capsicum. Taylor and Francis, UK. Chapter 1. pp. 1-15.
Bohs L, Olmstead RG (1997) Phylogenetic relationships in Solanum (Solanaceae) based on ndhF
sequences. Syst. Bot., 22: 5-17.
Cipollini M, Levey DJ (1997a) Secondary metabolites of fleshy vertebrate-dispersed fruits: adaptive
hypotheses and implications for seed dispersal. American Naturalist346-372 : 150 ,.
Cipollini M, Levey DJ (1997b) Antifungal activity of Solanum fruit glyco-alkaloids: implications for
frugivory and seed dispersal. Ecology, 78:799-809.
D’Arcy WG (1986) Taxonomy and biogeography. Solanaceae biology and systematics. W.G. D’Arcy (ed.)
New York, Columbia University Press.
Evans WC (1986) Hybridization and secondary metabolism in the Solanaceae. Solanaceae biology and
systematics .W.G. D’Arcy (ed.). New York, Columbia University Press.
Galindo­González J (1998) Dispersión de semillas por murciélagos: su importancia en la conservación y
regeneración del bosque tropical. Acta Zoologica Mexicana, 73: 57­74.
Hunziker AT (1979) South American Solanaceae: a synoptic survey. The biology of the Solanaceae.
Hawkes JG, Lester RN, Skelding AD (eds.). London, Linnean Society Symposium Series/Academic Press.
Rzedowski J, Rzedowski GC (1985) Flora Fanerogámica del Valle de México. v. II. Mexico, Instituto de
Ecología ,A.C.
Tamboia T, Cipollini ML, Levey DJ (1996) An evaluation of vertebrate seed dispersal syndromes in four
species of black nightshade (Solanum sect. Solanum). Oecologia, 107: 522-532.
USDA (2014) Classification for Kingdom Plantae Down to Family Solanaceae. United States Department
of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Available at:
https://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=profile&symbol=Solanaceae&display=63
[Accessed on 28th June, 2014]
Williams DE (1993) Lycianthes monziniana (Solanaceae): an underutilized Mexican food plant with
“new” crop potential .Economic Botany, 47: 387-400.

Citation
Basu, S., Zandi, P., Cetzal-Ix, W., & Sengupta, R. (2014). Solanaceae: The nightshade family. Retrieved from
http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/53c843c90cf297dbb4a42504

0 Comments
To add a comment, please Log In.

Unless otherwise noted, all text is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license.
Privacy Policy | Neutrality Policy
Supported by the Environmental Information Coalition and the National Council for Science and the Environment.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 20 / 20

View publication stats