Bidding Document Vol II Specification For CB Medical College 14 02 2019

All the specification, material and testing will be followed as per MES
Schedule of rate 2014 for schedule items
G3 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS (PVT.) LTD.

Head Office: Office: Office:
57-M,Gulberg-III, Lahore, Pakistan House No. 30/5, Liaqat Road Civil Tharmal Power Station Sheikh
Tel: ( 92-42 ) 35441641-3 Lines, Hyderabad Manda Air Port Road, Quetta
Fax: ( 92-42 ) 35441645 Tel: + 92 (22) 2787393-4 Tel: + 92 (81) 2880229
Web: www.g3ec.com
Fax: +92 (22) 32787395 Fax: +92 (81) 2880229
Email: info@g3ec.com
CLIENT: CONSULTANT: PROJECT:
CONSTRUCTION OF CB MEDICAL
COLLEGE NEAR OLD CGH AT
Lahore Cantonment G3 Engineering Consultants
SARFARAZ RAFIQUI ROAD LAHORE
Board (Pvt.) Ltd. CANTT
January, 2019 BIDDING DOCUMENTS
VOLUME II: SPECIFICATIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION -1 : EXCAVATION
SECTION -2 : CONCRETING
SECTION -3 : BRICK LAYING AND STONE MASONRY
SECTION -4 : PAVING
SECTION -5 : TERRAZZO AND MARBLE FINISHES OR WORK
SECTION -6 : PLASTERING AND POINTING
SECTION -7 : ROOFING AND WATER-PROOFING
SECTION -8 : RAIN WATER DRAINAGE
SECTION -9 : CARPENTRY, JOINERY AND GLAZING
SECTION -10 : STEEL AND METAL WORK
SECTION -11 : PAINTING AND DECORATING
SECTION – W-1 : EXCAVATION AND BACKFILLING FOR WATER
SUPLY & SEWERAGE SYSTEMS (EXTERNAL)
SECTION – W-2 : WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY PLUMBING
SYSTEMS, FIXTURES & SEWERAGE
SECTION – E-1 : ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATION
(INTERNAL & EXTERNAL)
Note: All the specification, material and testing will be followed as per MES
Schedule of rate 2014 for schedule items
1
SECTION – 1
EXCAVATION
1.1 SCOPE:
The scope of the Specification of this Section covers earthwork and special fills
for buildings and structures including Road Structures and Structures for external
Water Supply & Sewerage; trenches for internal utility lines; site leveling;
clearing and grubbing.
1.2 NATURE OF SOIL AT SITE:
The Contractor is presumed to have visited the Site before tendering and have
satisfied himself as to the nature of the soil at site to be excavated, space available
for storage of excavated material to be re-used, and other site and sub-soil
conditions that may affect his work.
1.3 ANTIQUITIES AND TREASURE TROVE ETC.
Any ancient carvings, relics of antiquity, coins or other curios and treasure trove
etc., which may be discovered or excavated during the progress of the work, are
to remain the property of the Client or the Government as per Law and are to be
handed over to them.
1.4 CLEARING AND GRUBBING:
Clearing and grubbing shall consist of removal of top soil & removal of trees,
stumps, roots, grass, etc. Holes left by stumps and roots shall be back-filled with
suitable material and compacted to the satisfaction of the Client. The cleared and
grubbed area shall be dressed, watered and compacted to the satisfaction of the
Client. The excavated material shall be stock-piled into suitable and unsuitable
materials. The suitable material shall be used for backing and the unsuitable and
surplus material shall be disposed of as per Clause 1.7.
1.5 EXCAVATION:
1.5.1 General:
Excavation shall be unclassified unless designated otherwise in B.O.Q.

Excavation shall be carried out to exact dimensions, levels and grades. All
excavated material shall remain the property of the Client and no material
shall be wasted by the Contractor or used for his own convenience.
2
Excavation shall also include separation of unsuitable materials from the

suitable materials that meet the specification and approval of the
Client for use in the Works or site including all handling, re-handling, etc.
and stock-piling.
1.5.2 Excavation for Site Leveling:
It shall consist of carrying out all cutting of material necessary to obtain

indicated levels and grades.
1.5.3 Structural Excavation for Foundations of Structures, Appurtenances

and Internal Utility Lines:
1.5.3.1 Excavation for building foundations and structures shall be carried

out to the exact dimensions shown on the drawings and true to
levels in both directions. The sides shall be left plumb or where the
nature of soil so requires, these may be sloped as approved by the
Client.
1.5.3.2 The Contractor shall secure and maintain excavation and keep them
dry and free from water, snow or mud arising from whatever cause.
He shall provide and maintain at site power driven pumps, etc. for
this purpose at his own expense. The water shall be disposed of to
the satisfaction of the local authorities and the Client. Excavated
material shall be kept at a sufficient distance from the trench to
prevent it from falling back and for allowing placing and removing
shoring and form-work. Dewatering of sub-soil water shall be paid
as a separate item.
1.5.3.3 The Contractor shall provide and install all shoring material,
sheeting, timbering, etc. for maintaining excavations and to ensure
safety of the workmen and shall be responsible for any damage or
injury to adjacent permanent work, paving or structure and services.
Shoring and sheeting left in place as per instructions of the Client
shall not form part of excavation item.
1.5.3.4 The Contractor shall dress and compact, as given in Clause 1.6.1
the bottom of all excavations and the ground under concrete beds,
pavings, etc. to the satisfaction of the Client.
1.5.3.5 Before any work is commenced over the excavated areas by the
Contractor, these shall be inspected by the Client and approved by
them. Any work carried out without such inspection or approved
may be rejected and ordered to be removed.
3
1.5.3.6 In case unsuitable material is encountered at the desired level of

excavation for foundations or floors, it shall be immediately
reported to the Client & instructions obtained for the corrective
treatment to be performed which shall be inspected by them and
their approval obtained before commencement of further work over
it.
1.5.3.7 Contractor shall not excavate below the desired levels or beyond
specified dimensions unless so expressly required by Client. Any
unauthorized excessive excavations shall be filled back by the
Contractor suitably using lean cement concrete 1:4:8 as directed by
the Client entirely at Contractor’s expense. Excavation below sub-
soil water level and above sub-soil water level shall be paid under
separate items.
1.6 FILLING:
1.6.1 Filling of Foundation Trenches and Under Floors:
The selected excavated materials obtained under Clauses 1.5.2 and 1.5.3
shall first be placed and then the materials brought from outside the site
shall be used.
Filling shall be commenced only after inspection and approval of

permanent work in the excavation and removal of shoring etc., without
disturbances or damage to the works and after clearing and excavation of
trash. Filling shall be carried out with selected material, considered
suitable by Client, by spreading the same in layers not exceeding 9”
(230mm), watering or drying to optimum moisture content and
mechanically compacting each layer to 95% of Modified Proctor Density.
Filling shall be brought up evenly on either side of structure. The excess

earth left after filling shall be removed and disposed of as directed by the
Client.
1.6.2 Selected Granular Fill:
The Contractor shall provide selected granular fill, spread in layers not
exceeding 7” (200-mm) thickness to required lines, levels and grades
including watering and compacting by mechanical means to densities as
mentioned in 1.6.1 above.
4
Materials: shall be sound, hard, durable stone metal, gravel, sand or other
acceptable granular material of particles of such a size as will wholly pass
a 2” square sieve, and not more than 10% by weight shall pass the No. 200
mesh sieve.
1.6.3 Filling for Leveling of Site:
The selected material obtained in Clause 1.4, 1.5.2 and 1.5.3 shall be filled
as specified in Clause 1.6.1 above.
1.7 DISPOSAL OF EXCAVATED MATERIAL:
The suitable excavated material having been placed in the proper section of the
work as specified, the surplus materials shall be used in other portions of the
permanent site work required for the project under Contract. Suitable material
that cannot be placed readily in the permanent work and excess suitable material
shall be separately stock-piled at approved locations. Waste material shall be
removed from the site by the Contractor and be disposed of outside the boundary
or as approved by the Client. In case the excess suitable material is declared
surplus by the Client, the same shall be disposed of like waste material.
1.8 DEWATERING OF SUB-SOIL WATER:
Dewatering of sub-soil water from excavation of pipe trenches and excavation for
other structures shall be arranged by adequate process of well-pointing, bailing
and/or pumping.
Well pointing shall consist of bore holes, provided with necessary strainers, blind
pipes and pumping machinery, and these shall be of suitable size and depth and
shall be located on both sides of the pipe trench and along the periphery of
foundations to a sufficient depth to keep the excavations clear of sub-soil water
during the process of construction.
Dewatering of sub-soil water by well-pointing, bailing and/or pumping shall be a

continuous process round the clock during the progress of the work and until the
finished work is safe from injury to the complete satisfaction of the Client. Any
interruption in continuous pumping causing injury to the works done or under
construction shall require the Contractor to repair or rebuild the works to the
entire satisfaction of the Client at no extra cost.
All water pumped and drained from the work shall be disposed of in a manner
satisfactory to the Client. The Contractor shall build all drains and do ditching
required in this connection and shall also take necessary precautions against
flooding, at no extra cost to the Client. The Contractor shall be responsible for
5
litigations and damages if the water pumped and drained from the work is let in a
private land or property without the consent of the proprietor, and further shall
pay the necessary compensation to the claimants without any obligation to the
Client.
1.9 SHORING AND SHEETING LEFT IN PLACE:
The Client may order, in writing, any or all shoring and sheet piling to be left in
place for purpose of preventing injury to the structures, other property or persons,
whether such sheeting was shown on drawings or placed at direction, or
otherwise. If left in place, such sheeting shall be cut off at the elevation ordered,
in any case at least 18” below the final ground surface. The sheeting remaining in
place as ordered by the Client shall be driven tight and shall be paid for as
separate item.
1.10 TERMITE PROOFING:
1.10.1 Material:
“Mirage”, or approved equal termite proofing chemical shall be

used, according to manufacturer’s specifications.
1.10.2 Area to be Termite Proofed:
Sides and bottoms of all trenches for footings and foundations and
appurtenances; sides and bottoms of trenches for pipelines and
drains within the structures and appurtenances and three feet
outside the structures; sides of all structures and appurtenances to
be buried in earth or fills; bottoms of all floors and under plinth
protection. In case no plinth protection is required to be provided,
a strip three feet wide shall be treated and buried in earth.
1.10.3 Application:
The termite proofing chemical shall be used as per printed

instructions of the manufacturer. The surface shall be wetted
thoroughly, leaving no part un-treated.
1.10.4 Precautions:
The termite proofers are poisonous. The parts of the bodies of the
persons and eatables should not come in contact with the chemical
whether it is in pure or diluted form, and it should not be inhaled.
6
The empty containers must be moved from the site and disposed of
safely.
1.11 MEASUREMENTS:
1.11.1 All quantities shall be net, no allowance being made for the work done
beyond the dimensions shown, unless ordered otherwise by the Client.
1.11.2 Clearing and Grubbing shall be measured by the superficial area.
1.11.3 Structural Excavation shall be measured by volume. Filling of the

selected excavated material shall not be measured for separate payment.
1.11.4 Earth Work for Leveling shall be measured by volume.
1.11.5 Fill (with materials other than excavated material) shall be measured by
volume.
1.11.6 De-watering of sub-soil water shall be a job item for the entire work.
1.11.7 Shoring and Sheeting Left in Place shall be measured by the actual board
measure of one inch thick board.
1.11.8 Termite Proofing shall be measured by area or as given in BOQ. In case

of building, the area in plan at the plinth (horizontal DPC) level bounded
by the external faces of the external walls or columns shall be taken.
1.12 PAYMENT AND RATES:
1.12.1 The rates and prices shall be full and comprehensive compensation for
everything furnished and done for the accepted work completed as per these
specifications and in all respects. The clauses referenced against the various
payment items shall be deemed to be the principal clauses only, related to that
item.
1.12.2 Pay Items:
Payment shall be made under the following items:
101 Clearing and Grubbing, per Clause 1.4, including disposal of

material per Clause 1.7. Only the quantity of excavation shall be
measured for payment.
102 Structural Excavation above Sub-soil Water Level, as per Clauses

1.5, 1.5.1, 1.5.3 including filling as per Clause 1.6.1 and disposal
7
of material as per Clause 1.7. Only the quantity of excavation shall

be measured for payment.
103 Structural Excavation below Sub-soil Water Level, as per Clauses

and referenced in item 102 above. Only quantity of excavation
shall be measured for payment.
104 Earthwork for Site Leveling, as per Clauses 1.5, 1.5.1, 1.5.2
including filling as per Clause 1.6.3 and disposal of material as per
Clause 1.7. Only the quantity of excavation shall be measured for
payment.
105 Sand Fill, Granular Fill, or any other.

(a,b,c) Special Fill, as per Clause 1.6 including the cost of materials,
transportation, handling, etc.
106 Dewatering of Sub-Soil Water, as per Clause 1.8. Rate shall be

lump sum.
107 Shoring and Sheeting Left in Place, as per Clause 1.9.
108 Termite Proofing, as per Clause 1.10.
8
SECTION-2
CONCRETING
2.1 SCOPE:
The specification in this section covers mass Concrete, in-situ Reinforced Cement
Concrete specified by nominal proportions, quality-controlled cement concrete of
specified strength, cement concrete under floors and foundations specified by
nominal proportions of mix as well as Pre-cast concrete work of specified mix or
strength.
2.2 APPLICABLE STANDARDS:
The following British/American publications of the issues indicated or current at

the date of Contract form part of the specification of this Section.
BS-4449 for Hot rolled plain bar and high yield deformed bar.
BS-4482 for Hard drawn mild steel wire.
BS-4461 for Cold worked steel bar.
BS-4483 for Steel mesh fabric.
BS-4466 for Bending Dimensions and Scheduling of Bars for Reinforcement of
Concrete.
BS-2640 for gas welding.
BS-5135 for metal arc welding.
BS-12 for Ordinary Portland cement.
BS-12 for Rapid hardening Portland cement.
BS-146 for Portland blast furnace cement.
BS-4027 for Sulphate resisting Portland cement.
BS-12 for White or Colored Portland cement.
BS-1370 for Low heat Portland cement.
BS-4246 for Low heat Portland blast furnace cement.
BS-4248 for Super sulphated cement.
BS-1088 for Plywood for formwork (for fair face concrete work).
BS-882 for concrete aggregates.
BS-1200 for fine aggregate for mortars.
BS-1881 for testing of concrete.
BS-812 for testing of aggregate for chlorides.
BS-1377 for testing of aggregate for sulphates.
ASTM C-289 for testing non-reactivity of the coarse aggregate.
BS-3148 for water.
ASTM C-260 for air entraining agents.
BS-5075 for workability agents.
9
BS-3892 for pulverized fuel ash.

BS-4246 for blending blast furnace slag with cement.
2.3 EMBEDDED ITEMS:
Full cooperation shall be given to other specialist contractors to install embedded

items. Embedded items shall have been inspected and approved before concrete is
placed. (Also see Clause 2.20).
2.4 MATERIALS:
2.4.1 Cement for concrete and mortar shall be the best Portland cement
of quality conforming to the current British Standard
Specifications for the type of cement specified to be used, and shall
be obtained from a firm approved by the Client. Cement shall be
stored in damp-proof shed and shall be used in the order of its
delivery. Any cement which has deteriorated or has become
contaminated shall not be used and shall be removed immediately
from the site by the Contractor at his own expense. The cement
used for all fair-faced concrete or floors shall be that necessary to
obtain a light shade concrete as approved by the Client. Unless
designated otherwise the cement to be used under this contract
shall be Ordinary (grey) Portland cement conforming to BS-12.
2.4.2 Water: Only clean fresh water free from impurities and deleterious
matter and without excessive salt content shall be used. Where the
water is not obtained from the public supply the Contractor shall
submit at his own expense any analysis, from an approved analyst,
of the water he intends to use in construction, for approval of the
Client.
2.4.3 Sand (Fine Aggregate): The sand shall be clean and gritty from
Chenab and composed of hard siliceous grains and other materials
as approved by the Client. It shall be free from clay, dust, salt, silt
or any organic, alkali or bituminous matter. The materials shall be
well graded and shall all pass through BS Test Sieve measuring
3/16” square, and for reinforced concrete the maximum quantities
of clay, silt and fine dust shall not be more than 3% by weight
when using the test in BS-812 (1967), Clause-13. Sands with more
than 5% fines or clay shall be washed.
2.4.4 Coarse Aggregates: Coarse aggregates shall be obtained from

approved quarries and shall consist of clean, hard, strong, durable,
non-absorbent, crushed stone free from clay, dust, salt, silt or any
10
organic alkali or bituminous matter. Coarse aggregate shall

comply with the requirements of BS-882.
The coarse aggregate shall be well graded from the maximum size
specified and shall all be retained on sieve with mesh measuring
3/16” square. For use in reinforced concrete the maximum size of
coarse aggregate shall be as per Table given in Clause 2.8.
Soon after award of work, the Contractor shall submit a sample

enough for carrying out required tests, to Client, for approval. For
every consignment of aggregate from the approved source, sieve
analysis shall not show a variation ±5% from the approved sample
of aggregate for each sieve. Graded aggregate shall be stored
separately on site on a concrete slab 3” thick properly subdivided
so as to prevent mixing and contamination of fine and coarse
aggregates. Aggregates which in the opinion of the Client are not
clean or have become mixed due to defective storage shall be
removed from the site immediately.
2.4.5 Admixtures: The use of admixtures to promote workability or

improvement in strength shall be only on the written instructions
and approval of the Client. “Pudlo” or equivalent water-proofing
admixture shall be used in concrete for Water Tanks and
Reservoirs according to printed instructions of the manufacturers
and as approved by Consultant. Unless indicated in BOQ, the rate
of concrete work shall not include the cost of providing and mixing
water-proofing chemicals, surface hardeners and other additives.
2.4.6 Reinforcement: Steel reinforcement shall comply with the

requirement of the current British Standards for the class of
reinforcement concerned. The use of re-rolled steel shall not be
permitted. Certified copies of the Mill Test Reports shall
accompany each consignment.
Unless designated otherwise, the minimum yield stresses shall be

as under:
For Mild Steel plain round bars = 36000 psi.
For Deformed Mild Steel round bars

(intermediate grade). = 40000 psi.
For Ribbed Cold worked high grade bars = 60000 psi.
11
For Deformed hot-rolled rebars = 60000 psi.
2.4.7 Form-work: shall be of rough timbers, steel, plywood proprietary

building boards and such special materials as may be shown on the
drawings or approved by the Client. Wooden form-work shall be
free from loose knot and shall be well seasoned and no unsound
timber shall be used as form-work. Lining to form-work for
producing smooth finish shall be of grainless wood, plywood,
sheet metal or other material approved by the Client. Ties for
form-work shall be factory fabricated removable, or fixed metal
ties of approved design. They shall be of fixed or adjustable size
and shall not leave a hole more than 1” away from surface.
2.5 SAMPLE, TESTS AND ACCEPTANCE OF MATERIALS (EXCEPT

LOAD TEST OF STRUCTURE):
The Client shall have the right to require the Contractor at any time to draw
samples of all materials used in reinforced concrete, including steel, from
stockpiles at site or any other location and require the Contractor to test them
himself or get them tested at Contractor’s cost from an approved laboratory. The
Client shall have the right to reject any unsuitable materials which shall be
removed from the site immediately. All testing and sampling shall be done as per
BS., or alternatively the following shall be followed, as may be applicable.
Sampling aggregates AASHTO T-2.
Sieve analysis AASHTO T-27.
Amount of material
Passing the No. 200 sieve AASHTO T-11.
Organic impurities AASHTO T-21.
Mortar strength AASHTO T-71.
Sodium Sulphate soundness AASHTO T-104.
Friable particles AASHTO T-112.
Abrasion loss AASHTO T-96.
No aggregate for testing during the production of concrete shall be sampled at the
discharge gates of the bins feeding the weight hopper. The Contractor, at his expense,
12
shall provide safe and suitable facilities for obtaining the samples. No concreting work
on the project will be permitted to be done until the Client certify in writing that they give
their approval, following the performance of the necessary tests, to the use of all the
materials involved in making the concrete.
The liquid-tightness test of the liquid retaining structures shall be carried out by filling
and emptying (after test) the structure with the same liquid which the structure is meant
to retain, except that the liquid (other than water, in case of water retaining structures)
shall be provided free of cost to the Contractor. The accepted BOQ rates include costs
for all samples/specimens (concrete cubes/cylinders included), checks, tests, facilities for
workmanship, materials and products, required to be performed at works, field or
approved labs; and replacement/rectification of defective materials/works as required by
the Client.
2.6 CONCRETE UNDER FOUNDATIONS AND SUB-FLOORS:

Concrete for sub-floors and concrete pads under foundations and footings
specified by proportions by volume e.g. 1:4:8 shall mean a concrete mix
composed of 1-part cement, 4-parts of fine aggregate and 8-parts of coarse
aggregate by volume. Aggregate shall be measured by approved gauge boxes
made to dimensions suitable for measuring quantities by whole numbers of
cement measures for a batch based on one bag cement. The minimum quantity of
water for workability shall be used in the mix as decided by the Client, the mixing
shall be done in mechanical mixers having a capacity to mix full load
corresponding to one bag (50 Kg) of cement in one batch.
Coarse aggregates shall be brick ballast or stone aggregate as specified. Brick

ballast shall be broken to the gauge from well burnt bricks or their bats, or from
dense overburnt bricks. No underburnt bricks or bats and Jhamma that has
become spongy or porous in the process of burning shall be broken up for ballast.
The ballast shall be free from surkhi, leaves, straw, earth, sand or other foreign
matter, and it shall be stacked in the manner and place designated by the Client.
1.5” gauge ballast shall be such as to all pass through a ring of 1.5” internal
diameter and not more than 20% shall be more than 2” in greatest length. When
screened through 3/4” x 3/4” square mesh not more than 15% shall pass through
the screen.
The stone aggregate shall consist of good, hard, tough broken stone, gravel or
shingle of gauge specified and from an approved source. It shall be free from dirt,
clay, leaves or any organic matter, soft or decayed stone. 1.5” size aggregate shall
be screened to pass wholly through a screen of 1.5” x 1.5” and be all retained on
3/16” x 3/16” square mesh and shall be well graded in between so that not more
than 60% and not less than 30% shall be retained on a screen of 3/4” x 3/4”
square mesh.
13
Concrete shall be laid when the mix is quite fresh, gently and uniformly in layers
not exceeding 6” (150-mm) in thickness. Each layer shall be thoroughly rammed
and the concrete of the succeeding layer shall be immediately deposited over it.
All the layers forming the required depth of concrete shall be deposited and
consolidated within half an hour of the mixing of concrete and not disturbed after
the initial set has taken place. The concrete shall be consolidated with iron
rammers until a little of the mortar just enough to cover the surface comes up to
the surface.
The concrete shall be cured by keeping it wet for at least 10 days. Masonry work
or reinforcement work may be started over it at least two days after laying, but
ensuring that curing of new masonry shall be thorough enough to provide curing
to the concrete as well. The back filling of the foundation shall be done after
masonry work has started and the earth filled back shall be kept damp to provide
curing for the concrete.
2.7 QUALITY CONTROLLED CONCRETE:
2.7.1 RCC Works:

Concrete in RCC work when specified by strength in the BOQ
shall be quality controlled concrete, the production and testing of
which shall be under charge of a fully qualified and competent
Quality Control Consultant. The mix of concrete to be used in the
work shall be determined on the basis of quality control tests for
the designated strengths.
Test shall be made of the water content and bulking of the

aggregates and appropriate allowance made at the
gauging/weighing machines.
The quantity of water introduced into the mixes shall be regulated

and arranged to the approval of the Consultant so as to ensure a
constant Water-Cement ratio. This shall be the minimum required
to produce concrete in conformity with the specification
requirements, but not more than 6 gallons of water shall be used
with each 50-Kg of cement.
All materials shall be measured by weight separately. The weight

of cement per unit weight of aggregate shall be the minimum
necessary to achieve the specified strength with workability.
14
2.7.2 Testing by Cubes:
Test Cubes: The Contractor shall, at his own expense, supply test
cubes and 6” iron moulds, as required for the Preliminary Test
Procedure and Works Tests.
The test cubes shall be made in accordance with BS-1881. The

cubes shall be removed from the moulds 24 hours after casting,
marked and dated, and immediately stored in water at the
controlled temperature of 56-58 deg.F, or as directed, until
required for testing.
The cubes shall be provided and tested on prescribed days under

the direction of Client in a laboratory approved by the Client
entirely at Contractor’s cost. Three cubes of each mix shall be
tested at 7 days and three at the age of 28 days. For cubes at the
age of 28 days, the equivalent crushing strength shall be assessed
at 50% above the 7 days value.
Preliminary Test Procedure: The Contractor shall carry out, at

least 5 weeks prior to commencing concreting, preliminary test on
6” cubes at his own expense for various mixes to establish the most
suited mix from laboratory test results as approved by the Client.
Six cubes shall be taken from each proposed mix, three to be
tested at 7 days and three at 28
days. The minimum crushing strength of 28 days cubes shall be

not less than 33% above the specified strength requirement for
Works cubes and the 7 days strength shall be not less than 2/3rd of
28 days strength. The preliminary cube tests and the Works cube
Tests shall be carried out in accordance with BS-1881 and as
described in BS Code of Practice-114.
Neither the mix proportions nor the source of supply of materials

shall be altered without the prior approval of the Client. Such
approval is subject to the Contractors execution of a Preliminary
Test Procedure to establish adjustments required in the proportions
of the mix to the satisfaction of the Client.
Works Tests: The minimum crushing strength of the works test

cubes shall be not less than the required minimum crushing
strength of the concrete in production at 28 days age or the
equivalent value in the case of cubes crushed at 7 days age.
15
Number of cubes to be taken will be same as specified in case of

cylinders.
In case the results of the Works Tests as specified are

unsatisfactory the concrete work shall be stopped and not
proceeded with until instructed. The executed work involved shall
be liable to rejection and, if so desired, shall be cut out and re-
executed or otherwise rectified, at Contractor’s expense. A record
of all tests on the aggregates, cement and test cubes shall be kept at
the site identifying the tests with the parts of the work to which
they relate and a copy of such test reports shall be supplied to the
Client within two days of performing the test.
Control Equipment: The Contractor shall provide necessary test

equipment and a suitable separate room to house the equipment,
particularly the following:
i) Two sets of 6 cast iron 6” cube moulds with two 4-lbs. 15”
long tamping rods with ramming face one inch square.
ii) Suitable graduated tubes for measuring the moisture

content of fine aggregates.
iii) A set of British Standard Sieves.
iv) Suitable weighing scales.
v) A water tank with thermostatically controlled heating

suitable for curing test cubes.
vi) Maximum and minimum thermometers.
vii) Standard cone for slump test.
2.7.3 Testing by Cylinders:
If cylinder strengths are specified, following procedure shall be adopted:
Concrete compressive strength requirements consist of a minimum

strength at the age of 28 days and the minimum strength which must be
attained before various loads or stresses are applied to the concrete.
16
The compressive strength of concrete will be determined from test

cylinders which have been fabricated from concrete sampled and tested in
accordance with AASHTO T-23 and AASHTO T-22.
A set of samples consisting of 6 cylinders shall be taken from each 75

cu.m. of each class of concrete or fraction thereof placed each day. 3 of
the 6 cylinders to be tested after 7 days and 3 after 28 days.
Strength requirements as given below shall comply with:
a) The minimum average 28 days test result of all samples tested at

any time shall be the specified 28 days strength.
b) No individual sample tested after 28 days shall show a test result

lower than 85% of the required 28 days strength.
Concrete represented by one individual test that fails to comply

with the requirement (b) above will be rejected unless the
Contractor at his expense provides evidence that the strength and
quality of the concrete placed in the work are acceptable. If such
evidence consists of tests made on cores taken from the work, the
cores shall be obtained and tested in accordance with the
specifications of AASHTO T-24.
Should the test results fail to comply with the requirements (a)
above and should any individual test show less than 85% of the
specified 28 days strength, the Contractor shall make corrective
changes to the Consultant’s approval in the material mix
proportions before placing additional concrete. In addition, such
corrective changes shall be made when the compressive strength of
concrete tested after 7 days indicates that the concrete will not
attain the required compressive strength at 28 days.
2.7.4 The placing of concrete shall not begin until trial batches of the mix
design to be used have been produced by the Contractor and tested. The
trial mix proportions shall be such that the average strength of consecutive
test cylinders shall be 20% higher than the specified 28 days strength and
no individual test cylinder shall be below the specified strength.
2.7.5 When concrete compressive strength is specified as a pre-requisite to

applying loads or stresses to a concrete structure or member, test cylinders
will be cured under conditions similar to those at the casting site. The
compressive strength of concrete determined for such purposes will be
evaluated on the basis of individual tests.
17
2.8 CEMENT CONCRETE SPECIFIED BY PROPORTION 1:2:4 ETC.
2.8.1 Cement concrete where specified by proportions shall be mixed in

the proportions by volume using such materials which conform to
specification.
1:2:4 concrete shall mean a concrete mix composed of 1-part

cement, 2-parts fine aggregate and 4-parts coarse aggregate by
volume. Batching shall be carried out using gauge boxes.
2.8.2 Coarse aggregate shall be crushed stone or natural gravel from

approved sources ranging in size from ¾” down to 3/8” gauge
(unless given otherwise in BOQ) and well graded. The aggregate
shall be free from injurious amounts of soft, friable, elongated or
laminated pieces and shall be free from clay, loams, etc.
The aggregate shall conform to following gradation:
=====================================================
% by weight passing
--------------------------------------------------------------------
B.S. Nominal size of graded Aggregate
Sieve --------------------------------------------------------------------
1.5” to 3/16” 3/4” to 3/16” 1/2” to 3/16”
=====================================================
1.5 inch 95 - 100 100 -

3/4 inch 30 - 70 95 - 100 100
1/2 inch - - 90 - 100
3/8 inch 10 - 35 25 - 55 40 - 85
3/16 inch 0 - 5 0 - 10 0 - 10
=====================================================
2.8.3 Mixing shall be carried out in mechanical mixer as specified in “Mixing

and Placing”, using the minimum amount of water required for
workability.
2.8.4 Slump Test: The consistence of the concrete shall be measured by slump
cone test in accordance with the current British Code of Practice of
Concrete in Buildings and the test of the Slump shall be repeated
whenever the materials are changed and whenever required by the Client.
18
Ordinary concrete shall be of the consistence necessary to give complete

consolidation in the shutters and around the reinforcement, shall have no
excess water on the surface after compaction by approved vibratory
methods and shall have smooth surface with no trace of voids, segregation
or honey combing when the shutters are removed. A slump of not more
than 2” for quality controlled concrete and 2”-4” for other concrete shall
be allowed.
2.9 MASS CONCRETE:
Mass concrete shall be specified by proportions of Quality Controlled concrete as

indicated, and shall be deposited as specified in “Mixing and Placing”. Unless
otherwise specified mass concrete shall be deposited gently and uniformly in
layers not exceeding 9” (225-mm) thick which shall follow one another as quickly
as possible to prevent any distinct joint between successive layers. The concrete
in each layer shall be thoroughly compacted by working it with shovels, rodding
and vibrating by approved means. Care shall be taken that the concrete is
compacted closely against the face of any excavation in order that there shall be
no subsequent settlement. All the layers of concrete shall be deposited and
consumed within half an hour of the mixing of the batch of concrete. The
Construction Joints shall be treated as specified under “Mixing and Placing”.
2.10 PRECAST CONCRETE:
All precast concrete shall be quality controlled cement concrete of specified

strength or concrete specified by mix proportions as chalked out in the BOQ and
shall conform to respective specifications. Precast concrete shall conform to BS-
1217 “Cast Stone” as applicable to work, and unless otherwise specified shall
have a fair-faced smooth finish free from cavities, cracks, lines, or other defects
and shall be even in color as approved by the Client which shall be carried out to
their satisfaction.
Proportioning of mixes shall be determined by weigh-batching and the amount of

water added to the mix shall be the minimum necessary to obtain sufficient
workability to produce a dense concrete without segregation. Coarse aggregate
shall be of approved crushed stone graded between 3/4” to 3/16” unless otherwise
specified. Casting shall be done in moulds designed to withstand vibration.
All units of precast concrete shall be made to sizes, shapes, qualities and
reinforced as shown on the drawings and shall have additional reinforcement if
required for handling or erection. However, the Contractor shall prepare and
submit shop drawings giving all details of jointing, inserts, anchors, lifting
devices, openings and the method of casting, handling and fixing, for approval of
the Client. The cast units shall be left in the moulds until thoroughly set and
19
cured sufficiently to achieve desired strength and shall not be built-in before four
weeks of casting. Contractor must get prior approval of the system and method
proposed for steam-curing or any other scheme from Client. All exposed eye-
bolts, anchors, supporting angles, dowels, etc., shall be of heavily dipped
galvanized steel and shall be cast integrally with the units at exact locations. No
separate payments shall be made for such inserts, anchors, shop drawings, dowels
lifting devices, surface finishes, hoisting of unit or fixing them in their final
positions. The lifting devices shall be safe for at least 100% additional Impact
load and made of materials sufficiently ductile to ensure visible deformation
before fracture.
Units shall be well-wetted before setting them in position in cement mortar or

filling between units or for anchorage by in-situ concrete. All mortar dabs and
droppings shall be removed as the work is erected and on completion all exposed
surfaces shall be rubbed clean.
2.11 FORM-WORK:
Unless otherwise specified, formwork shall be such as will yield “Fair-faced”

concrete with smooth surface except for areas to be plastered or built against any
structures. Formwork shall be of wrought timber but if permitted by Client steel
or other building boards with steel or plywood lining or special materials may be
used.
There shall be no honey-combing permitted in concrete on removal of formwork,

but any pin-holes or small patching shall be made good immediately with cement
mortar on striking formwork and any irregularities rubbed down smooth to the
satisfaction of the Client.
Formwork shall be erected true to line and to the shapes required in the work.
The maximum tolerance in columns and walls shall be 1/8” in 10’ height in
concrete checked after stripping the forms. It shall carry without deformation, the
loads due to wet concrete and any constructional incidental load, and when the
concrete is vibrated the shuttering shall withstand the effects of vibration without
deflection, bulging, distortion or loosening of its parts. The Contractor shall be
responsible for the sufficiency of all shuttering, centering and moulds.
The formwork shall overlap the previous concreting to minimize lipping which
shall not exceed 1/8” at any point and shall be completely eliminated in case of
fair-faced concrete. Formwork shall be provided on both faces of concrete when
the slope to horizontal of either face exceeds 30 degrees. The soffits of suspended
spans of beams and cantilevers shall be suitably pre-cambered upward to
eliminate sagging, on removal of shuttering, below the required level as approved
by the Client.
20
Wire or similar ties shall not be left in concrete having a face exposed to the
weather; any metal part to be left buried shall be 1” away from the surface.
Through bolts shall be permitted provided that they are greased to allow for easy
withdrawal and the holes subsequently made good.
The shuttering shall be designed so that the soffits of slabs and sides of beams,
columns and walls may be removed first without vibration or shock, leaving the
shuttering to the soffits of beams and their supports in position. Wedges or other
suitable means shall be provided to allow accurate adjustment of the shuttering
and to allow it to be removed without jarring the concrete.
Where formwork is supported from existing parts of the structure, it shall be so

arranged as to produce no overstress in the structure and shall, where necessary,
be built up from a solid bed.
Provision shall be made in the formwork for any openings, perforations, sinkings
and of the inclusion of built-in parts as required.
All shuttering shall be thoroughly cleaned of old concrete and immediately before
concreting it shall be thoroughly washed out with water, holes being provided in
the shuttering to permit the escape with the water of sawdust, shavings or other
rubbish.
All joints shall be sufficiently tight to prevent the leakage of grout, and if
necessary the board shall be planned and thickened in order that the surface
against the concrete shall not be broken at bonds between the joints.
All formwork shall be removed without undue vibration or shock and without
damage to concrete. The Contractor shall be responsible for the safe removal of
the shuttering but, in general, formwork shall not be removed earlier than 2 days
for walls, columns and sides of beams; 10 days for slabs, and 21 days for beam
soffits, or as extended by the Client. Any work showing signs of damage through
premature removal of shuttering shall be entirely reconstructed at no additional
cost to the Client. Should it be felt necessary for structural safety, temporary
shoring and propping shall be maintained to the satisfaction of the Client.
2.12 REINFORCEMENT:
2.12.1 Reinforcement shall be accurately cut and bent to shapes and dimensions
and shall be placed where indicated on Drawings and Specifications.
Straight parts of bars shall be truly straight and bends shall be true to
shape and dimensions shown on the drawings and in accordance with BS-
4466. Steel shall not be bent or straightened in a manner injurious to the
21
bars. The internal radii of bends shall be not less than twice the diameter
of the bar, except that stirrups and column binders shall be bent to the size
shown within a tolerance of ±1/8”. Bars shall be bent cold.
In slabs and beams reinforcing steel shall be of adequate length to transmit

stresses. Splices and laps in adjacent bars shall be staggered.
Splices in columns shall be lapped sufficiently to transfer the full stress by

bond. Splices and laps not shown on the drawings shall not be measured
for payment and their location shall be as approved by the Client.
Reinforcing steel shall be thoroughly cleaned of dirt, oil, paint, loose rust,
mill scale or any coating that would reduce or destroy the bond before any
concreting is done. Steel bars reduced in section shall not be used.
Reinforcing steel shall not be bent or straightened in a manner injurious to
the steel. The Contractor shall provide sufficient spacers, saddles, chairs
and other supports of approved type to the satisfaction of the Client for
maintaining the top reinforcement firmly in position during concreting.
The bottom reinforcement of beams and slabs and columns reinforcement
shall be supported by sufficient precast concrete blocks with embedded
binding wire and thickness to allow the appropriate concrete cover to the
reinforcement. All reinforcement shall be securely fastened together and
fixed in place by binding wire in such a manner that it will not be
dislodged during concreting. The binding wire shall be 16 gauge G.I.
tying wire, or black annealed wire. The schedules shall be prepared in
accordance with BS-4466 – Binding Dimensions and Scheduling of Bars
for Reinforcement of Concrete.
2.12.2 The thickness of concrete cover over reinforcing bars shall conform to BS
CP-144, unless otherwise shown on drawings, and shall be not less than
the diameter of the round bar (or 1.5 times the size of square bar), nor less
than the following:-
- In footings or other members,

poured in contact with soil, on faces 3 inch.
- For surfaces exposed to weather

or soil after removal of formwork 2 inch.
- For beams and columns 1.5 inch.
- For slabs and walls 3/4 inch.
- For columns with spiral 1.5 inch or
22
reinforcement 1.5 times max.

size of aggregate.
2.12.3 Spiral Reinforcement shall consist of evenly spaced continuous spirals

held firmly in place and true to line by suitable number of vertical spacers.
The spirals shall be of such size and so assembled as to permit handling
and placing without being distorted from the designed dimensions.
Anchorage of spiral reinforcement and splices shall be provided by 1.5
extra turns of spiral rod at each end of the spiral unit. The spiral shall
extend from the start of column to the level of the lowest horizontal
reinforcement in the overhead slab, drop panel or beam. In a column with
a capital the spiral shall extend to a place of which the diameter or width
of the capital is twice that of the column, otherwise shown on drawings.
2.12.4 Wire Mesh Reinforcement between expansion joints in slabs shall be

continuous and shall have joints lapped at least one full mesh. Lapping of
sheets shall be staggered to avoid continuous lap in either direction.
Reinforcement shall be supported by standard accessories for slabs above
grade and by properly sized precast concrete blocks for slabs on earth.
2.12.5 The Contractor shall prepare and furnish shop drawings and details for
manufacture and installation of equipment, material/fitments or structural
components wherever asked for by the Client to know and approve
Contractor’s proposed way of executing the work.
2.13 MIXING AND PLACING CONCRETE:
2.13.1 Mixing: All concrete shall be machine mixed except that in emergencies,
the mixing may be by hand as directed by the Client. Mixers shall be
equipped with an accurate water measuring and controlling device and
capable of producing homogeneous concrete mixtures of uniform colour
and discharging it without segregation.
The equipment at the mixing plant shall be so constructed that all the
materials including water entering the drum can be accurately
proportioned and controlled. The entire batch shall be discharged before
recharging. The volume of the mixed material per batch shall not exceed
the manufacturer’s rated capacity of the mixer. Each batch shall remain in
the mixer for a mixing period of not less than 2 minutes which shall be
measured from the time when all the solid material is in the mixing drum.
All the mixing water shall be introduced before 1/4th of the mixing period
elapses.
23
The remixing of concrete which has partially hardened, with or without

additional cement, aggregate or water will not be permitted.
2.13.2 Concreting in Extreme Weather:
Concreting in Hot Weather: Concreting shall be avoided in extremely hot

weather and shall be done only in better part of the day. It should be
particularly avoided in dry, hot and windy weather for members with large
surface areas exposed to the weather. Aggregate shall be carefully stored
under shelter and shall be sprinkled with cold water from time to time to
check high temperature. Water, to be used for concreting, shall be
carefully stored and, if necessary, crushed ice shall be added to bring the
temperature as low as 75 deg.F in order that resulting temperature of
concrete is not above 100 deg.F. Excess water shall not be added and the
approved water-cement ratio shall be maintained. Use of retarders or
other admixtures and additives to improve consistency shall be subject to
approval of the Client. Curing shall be carefully watched and no part of
concrete shall be exposed to direct atmosphere. Curing shall also be kept
at low temperature.
Concreting in Cold Weather: When depositing concrete is unavoidable at

a temperature below 36 deg.F on a falling thermometer, precautions shall
be taken, to the satisfaction of the Client, to ensure that the concrete shall
have a temperature of at least 40 deg.F at the time it is placed and that the
temperature of the concrete shall be maintained at not less than 40 deg.F
until it is thoroughly hardened. Suitable means shall be provided to warm
the aggregate and/or mixing water, or otherwise to ensure the specified
temperature. Salt or other materials shall not be used in the prevention of
freezing and no frozen materials or materials containing ice or snow shall
be used. The Contractor shall cut out and replace at his own expense any
concrete damaged by frost.
Contractor shall so programme the work as to avoid concreting in extreme

(hot and cold) weather. If concreting is necessary to be continued for the
safety of the structure, as determined by the Client, all additional expenses
to meet the above said requirements shall be borne by the Contractor.
The Contractor shall submit pour slip on approved format at least 48 hours
earlier of concreting for getting the permission of the Client.
2.13.3 Placing Concrete: Shuttering and reinforcement shall be approved by the

Client before concrete is placed. The concrete may be conveyed from the
mixing place by any suitable method provided there is no segregation or
separation or loss of ingredients, and it is placed in its final position before
24
initial setting of the cement has taken place and within 20 minutes of the
addition of water in the mix. When placed from a height of more than 3’,
chutes etc. shall be employed as approved by the Client to ensure that no
segregation takes place. The concrete shall be efficiently tamped, and
compacted during the operation of placing. It shall be thoroughly worked
around reinforcement steel, work and embedded fixtures and into the
corners of the forms so that no voids or honey combing occur and no
reinforcement or embedded fixtures are displaced. Excessive tamping and
vibration shall be avoided to prevent segregation.
Forms for columns or walls and thin sections of considerable height shall
be provided with openings and other devices that will prevent segregation
and accumulation of hardened concrete on the forms or reinforcement
above the level of concrete.
A record shall be kept by the Contractor of the date of placing concrete in

each part and section of the Works.
Any concrete which is honeycombed or otherwise unsatisfactory shall be

cut and re-executed or otherwise rectified to the satisfaction of the Client
at Contractor’s cost.
The workmen carrying concrete to the site and all other workmen moving
about before the concrete is laid shall move only on boards placed for the
purpose and no person shall be allowed to walk on the steel reinforcement
itself.
Prior to the laying of concrete on walls, bearing plates and at other points
as may be directed by the Client, the surface will be brought to a true,
hard, smooth level using a cement sand mortar in the ratio of 1-part of
cement to 3-parts of sand. Two layers of building paper weighing 8-
lbs./100 Sft. per layer will then be laid flat to separate the concrete from
the surface on which is to be laid. This work of plaster and building paper
shall be paid for separately.
Rock surfaces upon which concrete is to be placed shall be approximately

level, clean, free from oil and other objectionable coating, water, mud,
debris, damaged rock and loose semidetached or unsound fragment, and
shall be sufficiently rough to ensure satisfactory bond with the concrete.
Faults or seams shall be cleaned to firm rock on the sides and to a depth
approved by the Client. Before concrete is placed rock surfaces shall be
prepared and cleaned as above.
25
2.13.4 Compacting: All concrete shall be compacted by means of internal

vibrators, but surface and external vibrator may be used either in
conjunction with them or alone, as approved by the Client.
The Contractor shall employ an adequate number of vibrators of suitable

characteristics, so spaced that their effective ranges overlap, and properly
trained personnel shall operate them to the satisfaction of the Client.
Vibration shall be continued until the concrete is fully compacted and

when air bubbles cease to break the surface. Internal vibrators shall not
touch the shutters and shall not be used to push the concrete along the
forms.
2.13.5 Construction Joints: The concrete shall be placed so that the number of
Construction Joints shall be as few as possible; construction joints shall be
made on horizontal and vertical planes only unless otherwise shown on the
drawings, and only at places approved by the Client. Concrete shall be
carried continuously upto construction joints, and such sequence of
pouring shall be carried out as has been approved by the Client.
Where concreting is stopped on a vertical plane, approved stop board shall

be provided and provision made to allow the reinforcement to pass
through the joints without being temporarily bent or otherwise displaced.
In the case of slabs or walls, unless otherwise shown of a different size on
Drawings, 2”x1” fillet slightly splayed to permit easy removal shall be
nailed on the stop board to form a joggle running throughout the length of
the joint. Any concrete flowing past the joint shall be removed as soon as
initial set occurs. When concreting against a hardened vertical surface is
resumed the surface shall be well roughened and wetted. When concreting
is stopped on a horizontal plane the surface shall be well roughened and
thoroughly cleaned of all scum as soon as the concrete has set. At
horizontal joints in walls at all external surfaces, unless otherwise shown,
2” by 1” slightly splayed fillet shall be nailed to the shuttering 1” above
and below the joint, the fillet being removed before placing the next lift
concrete. When work is resumed, the joint shall be well washed.
On the soil face of all joints and where shown on drawings 1” x 1”, or as
shown on drawings, joint sealer shall be applied hot, which shall be paid
for separately.
In case of continuous retaining walls more than 30’ long, concreting shall
be carried out such that vertical gaps of about 2’ width with vertical
26
joggled ends at both sides are left out at about 30’ distances to be filled in
after 14 days of concreting adjacent sections.
2.13.6 Expansion Joints: Expansion and contraction joints shall be formed

accurately in the positions and to the dimensions and details shown on the
drawings and as directed. But the preformed/molded filler and treatment
with sealer, Seal-A-Strip and metallic covering shall be paid for
separately.
2.14 PROTECTION AND CURING:
2.14.1 Concrete after it is placed and during the early stages of hardening shall be
protected from the harmful effects of sunshine, rain, wind, cold, running
water and shock. It shall be suitably covered for protection from frost,
flowing water or rain and to avoid loss of moisture. Concrete shall be
prevented from drying out for at least ten days or as directed by the Client.
Curing shall be started as soon as free water has disappeared from the
surface of the concrete after placing and finishing generally after 24 hours.
Curing of formed under-surfaces of beams, slabs, etc. shall be
accomplished by moist curing with forms in place for the full curing
period, or if forms are removed prior to the end of the curing period, by
other approved means.
2.14.2 Moist Curing: Concrete surfaces shall be covered with burlap, or other
approved fabric mats, kept continually wet.
2.14.3 Water-proof Paper Curing: Surfaces shall be covered with water proof
paper lapped 4” at edges and ends, and sealed with mastic or pressure
sensitive tape not less than 1.5” wide. Paper shall be weighted to prevent
displacement and tears or repaired by patching.
2.14.4 Polythene Sheeting: Concrete surface shall be completely covered by

polythene sheets. Where single sheet does not cover entire surface the
ends and edges shall be lapped not less than 4” and sealed with adhesive
tape.
2.15 CONCRETE POURS AND LIFTS:
Unless otherwise shown on drawings, specified or indicated in the BOQ, concrete

shall be poured to predetermined construction joints, pour joints and for vertical
members in lifts and heights as directed by the Client.
27
Concrete shall be poured in one continuous operation in horizontal layers of

uniform thickness not exceeding 12” (300-mm) in depth and in walls at such rate
of rise that adequate vibration can be ensured to avoid honeycombing and
deformations of the formwork beyond 1/16” in 10 ft. at any face.
2.16 ALTERNATE BAY CONSTRUCTION:
Large areas of non-suspended flooring shall be of alternate bay construction.

Unless otherwise specified or shown on drawings, the area of each bay shall not
exceed 300 sq.ft. for reinforced floors, or as approved by the Client. Edges of
slabs shall be perpendicular and shall be thickly coated with bitumen before
adjoining slabs are laid. Reinforcement shall stop 1.5” from the edges of the
slabs.
2.17 CONFORMITY TO SIZES, LEVELS, SLOPES, THICKNESS AND

SINKING:
All concrete shall be cast to conform to sizes, levels, and slopes and shall be
thickened for supporting walls and sunk for trenches, pipes and ducts, etc.
including leaving out holes, pockets, recesses, chases, drip courses and the like as
shown on the drawings and as directed.
2.18 LOAD TESTING OF STRUCTURES:
Following loading test shall be carried out by the Contractor if the Client are dis-
satisfied with a part or whole of the structures, to determine its acceptability.
The testing shall be carried out in accordance with BS:CP-114 and as directed by
the Client. The test need not be performed until the expiry of 56 days of effective
hardening of the concrete. In such test, the structure would be subjected to a
superimposed load used for design, and this load should be maintained for a
period of 24 hours before removal. If within 24 hours of the removal of the load,
the structure does not show a recovery of at least 75% of the maximum deflection
shown during the 24 hours under load, the test loading would be repeated. The
structure would be considered to have failed to pass the test if the recover after the
second test is not at least 75% of the maximum deflection shown during the
second test.
If during the test or upon removal of the load the structure shows signs of
weakness, undue deflection or faulty construction, it would be reconstructed or
strengthened as necessary at Contractor’s cost.
28
If test result shows that, in the opinion of the Client, the work meets the
specification, the actual cost of the test as certified by the Client shall be borne by
the Client.
2.19 CONCRETE FINISHES:
Concrete shall be suitably cast, formwork lined with marine quality plywood as
approved, and vibrated to achieve smooth, uniform, plane surface “fair-faced”
finish, conforming to “D” type finish, per BS:CP-110, free from voids and defects
unless otherwise given in BOQ or where plaster is shown on drawings or required
by the Client. All finishes to concrete or precast portions shall conform to
approved samples of finish prepared before commencing work.
2.20 EMBEDDED ITEMS (Also see Clause 2.3):
The Contractor shall start placing and pouring of concrete only after all the
attachments, fastenings, sleeves, hooks, hold-fasts, dove-tail slots, dowels, inserts
and bolts, etc. are in place. Providing and installing all the embedded items shall
be paid for separately unless given otherwise in BOQ. In case nature of work
requires embedded items as shown in BOQ or drawings, the Contractor shall
include in his rate the cost of provision of holes/recesses, etc.
2.21 MEASUREMENTS:
Concrete shall be measured by volume, superficial area, length or numbers as

given in BOQ. Unless given otherwise in BOQ, columns shall be measured
through the beams and slabs. Beams shall be measured as ribs excluding the slab
thickness. Columns attached to walls shall be measured as walls. All openings
exceeding one square foot of superficial area shall be deducted. Weights of steel
reinforcing bars shall be the product of the standard BS or ASTM (whichever is
applicable) theoretical weight per unit length of each bar of any diameter and the
length of that bar including length for bends, cranks, hooks and only those
overlaps/splices which are shown on drawings. In case steel reinforcing bars are
issued/supplied by Client and cost of the same is to be recovered from
Contractors’ bills, actual weights of bars per unit length shall be taken to calculate
weight for payment at BOQ rate. Quantities of work executed in excess of the
dimension shown on drawings shall not be measured and paid for.
2.22 RATES AND PAYMENTS:
The rates shall be comprehensive and full compensation for everything furnished
and done to complete the items in all respects as per Specifications of this section
and as described below:
29
- The concrete mix proportions (nominal by volume) and/or the concrete

strengths (which shall be the 28 days 6” cubes crushing strengths unless
cylinder strengths are called for in BOQ) shall be as specified in BOQ.
- The rates of cement concrete plain (PCC) 1:2:4 and richer than 1:2:4 shall
be with 3/4” down graded crushed stone as coarse aggregate from
Approved quarries and sand and fine aggregate from the approved source
30
SECTION-3
BRICK LAYING AND STONE MASONRY
3.1 CONFORMITY TO STANDARDS:
Except as otherwise specified, all brickwork shall be carried out in conformity

with British Standard Code of Practice CP 121, 101 “Brickwork” as applicable to
the work shown on the drawings.
3.2 MATERIALS:
3.2.1 Brick shall be of first class quality, good, hard, well burnt clay, uniform in
shape and color, and shall measure 9”x4-3/8”x2-11/16” so that every four
courses laid shall measure a foot in height. The brick shall be free from
defects, cracks, chips, stones, nodules of lime or kinker or other blemishes.
The brick would not absorb more than 1/6th of its weight, when soaked in
water for one hour. The minimum compressive strength of the bricks shall
be 1250 psi, with an average for five bricks not less than 1500 psi when
tested flat in accordance with BS-1257 “Method of Testing Clay Building
Bricks”. Bricks of only one kiln shall be used throughout the work, unless
otherwise approved by the Client.
3.2.2 Stone for masonry shall be obtained from approved section of an approved
quarry. It shall be hard, tough, durable of uniform colour and free from
faults and cleavage and of a kind proven satisfactory by previous use for
specified purpose. Stone shall be dressed to exact sizes and shapes with
exposed faces chisel dressed. Stone shall be minimum 5” in thickness, 12”
in width and 18” in length. All visible edges shall be free from chippings
and bed surface of face stones perfectly normal to visible face for at least
3”. At least 50% of the total volume of masonry shall be of stone having a
volume not less than 1 cft. each. Dry stones shall not absorb more than
5% water of their weight when immersed in water for hours.
3.2.3 Cast Stones or concrete grill work blocks shall conform to BS-1217
(1945) as applicable and made from nominal 1:2:4 cement concrete as
specified in section “Concreting”. It shall be of true shapes, size and
shade as shown on drawings or as instructed at site.
3.2.4 Light Weight Concrete Block shall be made from cement concrete by
using additive for producing a density of 75-lbs./cft. The additive for
producing light weight concrete shall be used according to the
31
manufacturer’s printed instructions. The size of the concrete blocks shall

be as shown on drawings and as approved by the Client.
3.2.5 Mortar for Masonry shall be made in the proportions by volume as

specified in bill of quantities. Mortar for light weight concrete block
masonry shall be cement-lime-sand mortar of 1:1:6 proportions. Cement
and water shall be as specified in section “Concreting”. Sand and other
fine aggregate shall conform to BS-1200 “Sand for Plain & Reinforcement
Brickwork and for Masonry”. Mortar for masonry work shall be used
within half an hour of wetting. Mixing shall be done mechanically, unless
otherwise specifically permitted by the Client.
3.2.6 Wall Ties: Metal wall ties shall conform to the requirements of BS-243
“Metal Wall Ties” where applicable. All wall ties shall be galvanized.
Wall ties may be embedded or fastened to rawal plugs or “Fisher 6-mm
Nylon Plugs” or inserted in dove-tail slots or as approved.
3.3 SAMPLES:
The samples of all the material for masonry work shall be approved by the Client,
and same type of material shall be used during the work. If the Client desire to
get the material tested, this will be got done by the Contractor from a laboratory
approved by the Client at Contractor’s expense.
3.4 BRICK MASONRY WORK:
Brick-Laying: The bricks shall be laid in mortar specified in bill of quantities,

and to sizes and shapes shown on the drawings. Before laying, bricks shall be
soaked in water tanks, to be constructed by the Contractor at his own cost, for at
least four hours, and shall be so handled that they do not get damaged.
Brick shall always be laid in English bond, unless otherwise specified, with frogs
upwards. Bricks shall be laid with bed and vertical joints properly filled with
specified mortar, raked out ½” deep for plastering/pointing and for unexposed
foundation or plinths flush pointed with the same mortar used for laying. Brick
work must be truly plumb and must be checked by plumb-bobs and straight edges
frequently. Work shall be kept clean of mortar droppings or splashes before
setting hard. Where required, shaped or chamfered surfaces shall be cut and
chiselled finely such that when placed in position they do not require leveling up
with extra mortar. Where work has to be left, the wall shall be left in slope and in
no case the difference of height between various walls shall be more than 5’ at
any section of the building.
32
All brick work shall be bonded where it abuts other brickwork. Where brick walls
or partitions intersect or abut, it shall be necessary to interlock the masonry of the
two walls in such a way or use wall ties so as not to leave a straight vertical joint
between the two walls. Where brickwork abuts concrete, wall ties engaging in 3”
long galvanized dove-tail slots cast in concrete members shall be provided at
every fourth-course, or fixed to approved Nylon plugs in drilled holes in concrete
member as approved. In cavity wall construction, wall ties shall be placed 5’
apart horizontally and 12” vertically and staggered. Top of walls on which
slabs/beams will rest shall be finished with a smooth level bed of 1:3 cement sand
mortar and covered with two layers of building paper weighing 8-lbs./%sft. or
polythene sheet (2-layers) with overlaps.
Built-in anchor bolts, inserts, pipe supports, hangers, pipe sleeves, dowels, ties
and all items shown on the drawings or specified are required to be built into the
masonry as the work progresses. Frames and other built-in works shall be
maintained in their proper position and bracing shall not be removed until they are
securely held by the masonry. The spaces around all built-in items shall be filled
with masonry, where shown on drawings. Contractor shall leave openings in
masonry for air-conditioning ducts and grills, plumbing pipes, electric conduits,
etc. The masonry shall be kept properly cured for at least 10 days where cement
mortar is used. Where according to plans and sections the masonry would require
cut bricks to be used, the same shall be done by the Contractor at no extra cost to
obtain correct thickness according to drawings.
Vertical joints in alternate courses must be directly one over the other and
horizontal joints shall be truly level. The thickness of joints must be kept uniform
3/8” to 1/2” unless otherwise specified, throughout the work.
3.5 STONE MASONRY WORK:
Stone masonry work shall be carried out using approved stones that result in
uniform colored and textured surfaces with truly horizontal and vertical joints in
coursed masonry work. Through bond stones shall be marked and uniformly
spaced in masonry work. Stones shall be soaked for 2 hours prior to laying.
Every stone shall be laid in the work on its natural quarry bed or in such a manner
that stresses borne by it come normal to such bed. Each stone shall be set with
both bed and vertical joints filled with mortar, and thoroughly bedded in.
Unless otherwise specified stones shall be laid in 1:4 cement sand mortar. Entire
masonry in any structure shall be carried up to a uniform level, and where breaks
are unavoidable joints shall be made in gradual steps. Cross-walls shall be fully
bonded to main walls. Exposed surfaces shall be finished as specified; when not
specified, joints shall be struck 1/2” deep simultaneously with masonry work, and
face of work shall be kept clean. Contractor shall suitably protect the work from
33
rain and frost during construction and cure it by moistening for 10 days after
laying.
3.6 CAST STONE MASONRY AND GRILL WORK:
All relevant specifications as in clause of Brick Masonry shall apply to masonry

with cast stone and concrete grill work. The exposed visible faces of cast stone or
grill work units shall be well rubbed and ground to present uniform finish. Unless
given otherwise in BOQ or drawing, mortar for jointing shall be 1:3 cement sand
mortar. Where mild steel reinforcement is shown on drawings or specified in Bill
of Quantities, the same shall be provided and anchored properly.
3.7 LIGHT-WEIGHT CONCRETE MASONRY:
Masonry with light-weight block shall conform to all relevant requirements of the
clause for brick masonry work’s specifications. Concrete blocks should be
thoroughly dry before they are used and care shall be taken to protect them from
rain and dampness. Each lot shall be inspected by the Client before use, and if the
blocks are not thoroughly matured and dry, the same shall not be used until
approved. The blocks should be laid on a full bed of mortar and the joint well
flushed up. The top of the walls shall be protected by suitable means from rain
and frost. The blocks should have a rough textured face and the joints should be
raked out to a depth of about 1/2” as the work proceeds.
3.8 CEMENT CONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY:
Cement concrete blocks shall conform to BS-2028, 1364 (1968) “Concrete

Blocks” and BS Code of Practice-122 “Brick Work and Block Work”.
The blocks shall be manufactured from cement, coarse aggregate 3/4” to 3/16”
grading and sand or from “all in aggregate” which shall be such that not more
than 5% shall exceed the maximum size of 3/4” and not more than 60% shall
pass a BS 1/2” sieve and retained on 3/16” sieve. The block density (block
weight divided by gross volume) shall not be less than 94-lbs./cft. and
compressive strength shall not be less than 500psi for non load bearing walls and
1500psi for load bearing walls.
The blocks shall be manufactured by the use of compact mechanically operated

mixer, vibrating and moulding, block making machines. Vibration or compacting
shall be done in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturers
and/or to the satisfaction of the Client.
The sizes of the blocks may be 12”x6”x4”, 12”x6”x6” or 12”x6”x9”. The blocks
shall be kept on pallets until cured for 2 days.
34
Block masonry shall be constructed in a systematic bond as directed by the Client

in the mortar specified in BOQ and no more bats shall be used than are necessary
to complete the bond. For walls of thickness greater than 6” or hollow walls,
header and stretcher course similar to brickwork or as directed by the Client shall
be used. No joint shall be thicker than 3/8”. All masonry work shall be kept wet
and cured for at least 10 days.
3.9 MEASUREMENT:
All types of masonry work shall be measured by volume, except masonry walls,
veneering and cladding upto 4.5” thick which may be measured by superficial
area.
All openings and built-in members of other materials like beams, lintels, bed
plates, etc. shall be deducted unless the superficial area of openings and above
items is one sq.ft. or less. Wall thickness shall be those shown on drawings and
not those actually achieved at site.
3.10 RATES AND PAYMENT:
The rates shall be comprehensive and inclusive of full compensation for every
thing required to be furnished (including mortar) and done to complete the BOQ
item in all respects as per specifications of this Section. The rates of masonry pay
items shall not cover the following, unless otherwise specifically required in
BOQ, which shall be measured and paid for under separate pay items in BOQ:
a) Reinforcement and all types of inserts like anchors, ties, sleeves, hoop
iron, etc.
b) Specially made sills, cornices, drip courses and filling material in cavity
walls.
35
SECTION - 4
PAVING
Except as otherwise specified, paving and flooring work shall conform to British
Standard CP-304, “In-Situ Flooring” as applicable to the work shown on the
drawings and described in the Bill of Quantities.
4.2 MATERIALS:
Cement, Water & Steel Reinforcement shall be as specified in Section

“Concreting”.
Sand shall conform to BS-1199 (1955) “Building Sands from Natural Sources”.
Aggregate shall be in accordance with the requirements of BS-1201 “Aggregate

for Granolithic Concrete Floor Furnishes”.
Water-proofing Chemical shall be “Pudlo” powder to be mixed in dry cement in

proportions of 3.5-lbs./50 Kg. of cement, unless otherwise given in BOQ.
Bitumen for damp-proofing shall be of S.I.B. quality as manufactured by Attock

Oil Co., or approved equivalent. Asphalt used in the joint filler shall also be as
approved by the Client.
Surface Hardener: Concrete flooring, where called for in the Bill of Quantities,
shall include a non-metallic surface hardener of approved make, utilized as per
printed instructions of manufacturer and as approved by the Client.
4.3 SAMPLES:
The materials required under this section shall be used after approval of the Client
and same type of materials shall be used throughout the work. If the Client
require to get the material tested, this shall be got done by the Contractor at his
own cost from a laboratory approved by the Client.
36
4.4 CEMENT CONCRETE FLOOR TOPPING:
The laying of cement concrete floors shall be in accordance with BS Code of

Practice-204 and as specified in Section “Concreting”. Surface shall be truly
levelled or shall be pitched to drains where required.
The flooring shall be divided into panels not exceeding 16 sft. or as shown on the
drawings or Bill of Quantities, or as directed by the Client. The symmetrical
panels shall be formed by wood or iron screeds of 1.5” width or glass or metal
dividers and of a depth equal to the thickness of the floor concrete. The top of
these screeds should be at the exact required level of the finished floor. Alternate
panels shall be laid on alternate days. If wood or iron screeds are used, sides of
the panels laid first shall be coated with bitumen of S.I.B. quality and two layers
of approved kraft paper provided in the joints before laying the adjacent panels.
The surface shall be tested with a straight edge to detect high and low spots which
shall be eliminated. The Contractor must keep a straight edge not less than 8’
long with parallel sides as well as 10” spirit level available near the work for
testing the floor being laid throughout the time the work is in progress. In no case
shall hammering of any type be allowed on a finished surface. The concrete after
laying shall be tamped to force the coarse aggregate away from the surface, and
while the concrete is still green but sufficiently hard to bear a man’s weight, it
shall be wood floated to a true even plane with no coarse aggregate visible, by
applying sufficient pressure on the wood floats to bring moisture to the surface.
After the surface moisture has disappeared, surface shall be steel trowelled to a
smooth, even and impervious finish free from trowel marks. After the cement has
set enough to ring the trowel, surface shall be given a second steel trowelling to a
final finish. The use of additional mortar or neat cement for giving a smooth
finish shall not be allowed. Concrete shall be left undisturbed for 24 hours after
laying. During the process of laying as well as for a period of 14 days after laying
it shall be protected by suitable covering from the weather and extremes of
temperatures and kept wet for that period. Expansion joints shall be filled with a
mixture of 90-lbs. approved asphalt per cft. of sand.
4.5 DAMP PROOF COURSES:
Horizontal DPC shall be laid in accordance with BS.CP-204 and the

specifications “Concreting” for concrete. Unless otherwise given in BOQ, it shall
consist of the following:-
Providing/laying Horizontal D.P.C (Damp Proof Course) 2 Inch thick P.C.C.

(1:2:4) and damp proofing consisting of :
I. Bituseal Primer at one gallon per 100 Sft. per coat.
37
II. Two Coats of Bituseal at 1.5 gallon per 100 Sft per coat.
III. Aluminium foil (Building Paper) sheet.
Vertical DPC shall conform to the specifications “Plastering and Pointing” and
consist of the following unless otherwise given in BOQ:
a) 3/4” (19 mm) thick, 1:3 cement sand plaster, finished hard and smooth.
b) One layer of Special Industrial Bitumen, applied hot, having neat uniform,
un-interrupted surface, free from bubbles, pin holes, etc. @ 35-lbs./%sft.
4.6 GRANOLITHIC CONCRETE FLOOR:
The composition shall be of two layers, the “Undercoat” and the “Topping”.
Flooring shall be laid in panels, expansion joints shall be provided as given in
Section 4.4.
The aggregate conforming to BS-1201 for Granolithic Concrete shall be used,

3/4” max. size crushed stone for undercoat, and 1/4” to 1/8” for “Topping”.
The ratio for the undercoat shall be 1-part of cement, 2-parts of sand and 4-parts
of crushed stone aggregate by volume. The ratio for the topping shall be of 1-part
of cement & 2-parts of crushed stone aggregate and no sand shall be added. The
water/cement ratio shall be kept a minimum for workability but not more than
0.40. First the undercoat shall be laid within the screeds/dividers leaving required
space for the topping. Within one hour of laying of undercoat the topping shall be
laid monolithic, and levelled and beaten with long wood straight edges, taking
care that all small voids and needle holes are filled with the mix while levelling
the top. When the cement mortar in the topping has taken its initial set (and not
before) the surface shall be lightly trowelled with steel floats. No scratches, holes
or unevenness shall be left out in trowelling. The addition of cement to the top
surface to obtain an easy polish is absolutely forbidden. After sufficient
hardening, the surface shall be finished smooth and cured for 14 days.
Where in-situ cove moulding in concrete is called for in the drawings or Bills of
Quantities the same shall be formed where the border of the floor finish meets the
wall and carried up the wall to form a skirting of the same composition as the
topping. The skirting and the cove are to be formed at the same time as the border
and shall be of such dimensions as are shown on the drawings or directed by the
Client. Floor and skirting/cove moulding shall be rubbed/ground smooth where
un-even or rough.
38
4.7 CONCRETE PAVEMENT:
Materials and construction of concrete pavement shall be as per BS-204 and as

specified under Section “Concreting” to panel sizes, thickness, levels and grades
given in the Bill of Quantities and shown in the drawing. Steel reinforcing bars
and dowels shall be provided and placed in the slabs where called for in the BOQ
or shown in the drawings.
When called for in the BOQ or directed by the Client, the wearing surface of
concrete pavements shall be rendered nonskid by suitable means approved by the
Client. Completed work shall be cured for 14 days.
Expansion joints 3/4” thick shall be filled to entire depth of pavement with
Asphalt-Sand mix @ 90-lbs. of Asphalt per cft. of sand.
4.8 BRICK PAVING:
Description: Under this item the Contractor shall lay brick pavement at locations
indicated on the plans or where directed by the Client and in accordance with the
plans and specifications.
Materials: Brick shall conform to all the requirements specified in Section “Brick
Layer & Stone Masonry”.
Construction: The Contractor shall prepare the subgrade to provide smooth and
firm foundation compacted to a minimum of 95% of standard AASHTO
maximum dry density, finished accurately to lines, grades and dimensions shown
on drawings or as directed by the Client. Over-excavated portion shall be made
good by mortar or lean concrete (1:4:8).
The subgrade shall be sprinkled with water thoroughly without being muddy. The
laying shall be in plain, diagonal, herring-bone or other pattern as ordered by the
Client, where laid in plain courses it shall be bonded to break joints half the length
of the brick.
The joints shall not be less than 1/4” or more than 3/8” thick and shall be filled
with mortar for the full depth of the joint. The surface obtained shall be in
accordance with the lines and grades shown in the plans, and all excess mortar
removed from the finished surface.
Curing shall be done by an approved method and in accordance with the

requirements specified under Section “Brick Layer & Block Masonry”. No
damaged brick shall be used.
39
4.9 MEASUREMENTS:
All work under this Section shall be measured by the superficial areas unless
given otherwise in BOQ.
The rates and payments shall be comprehensive and inclusive of full

compensation for everything furnished and done to complete the work items in all
respects and as per specifications of this section.
Unless metallic or any other type of panel dividers are called for in BOQ, the rates
for PCC floors and pavements shall be for laying the same in alternate panels with
treatment and fillers for joints as specified. Rates for RCC pavements/roads shall
also be inclusive of steel reinforcement and expansion joint fillers as specified.
40
SECTION-5
TERRAZZO AND MARBLE FINISHES
OR WORK
Unless otherwise specified, terrazzo works shall be in conformity with British

Standard CP-204 “In-Situ Flooring Part-I, ‘General’ and Part-3 Terrazzo
Flooring” as applicable to the work shown on the drawings and specified in the
Bill of Quantities.
5.2 MATERIALS:
Cement, Sand, Aggregate for Concrete and Water shall conform to specifications
of the Section “Paving”.
Marble Chips shall be crushed marble and best quality white or colored, sound
and hard local marble chips approved by the Client, and of the required sizes.
Dividing Strips shall be of brass or aluminum conforming to the requirements of

the BS “Cold Rolled Brass Sheets or Aluminum Strips” or glass strips 5-mm
thick.
Marble for Wall Facing and Floors shall be best quality polished local marble of
uniform texture free from all defects, obtained from Mullaghori or equal
approved, as required in BOQ and approved by the Client.
Metal Fixing shall be of suitable non-ferrous metal like Copper, Phosphor-

bronze, gunmetal and of shape and dimensions adequate to carry the loads, as
approved by the Client.
Onyx: The onyx shall be of approved color and shade obtained from Quetta or
equal approved, sound and free from all defects.
Glazed Wall Tiles shall conform to BS-1281 “Glazed Ceramics Wall Tiles” of
approved size and color.
Angle Clips for precast toilet partitions shall be chromium plated steel clips as
shown on drawings.
Bolts of precast toilet partitions shall be 5/16” brass bolts chrome-plated with
acorn heads, fitting to wall anchors.
41
Pipe for Toilet Partition shall be galvanized iron conforming to BS-1387. Angle
for stair nozing shall be cold rolled aluminum angles of the size required.
5.3 SAMPLES:
All materials used for Terrazzo and marble work as well as samples of terrazzo
floor and marble work shall be submitted to the Client and their approval
obtained, and same type of material will be used throughout the work. If the
Client require the material to be tested, this shall be got done by the Contractor at
his own cost from a laboratory approved by the Client.
5.4 IN-SITU TERRAZZO FLOORING:
The floor shall consist of a wearing surface of consistency and thickness as

specified laid over 1:2:4 concrete of the specified thickness. The net thickness
specified for wearing surface shall be that obtained after grinding and polishing.
1:2:4 concrete shall be mixed and laid in the manner specified for cement
concrete floor using a minimum quantity of water for workability. The cement
concrete shall be leveled with a trowel and straight edge, consolidated and
finished with steel trowels to an even but rough surface. The top layer of cement
marble chips mixed in the proportion of 1:2 (1-cement and 2-marble chips) shall
be laid over it within 12 hours. The cement and marble chips must be mixed dry
in such quantities as are sufficient for a unit area of one specified shade. Water
shall be added to only such quantities as can be mixed thoroughly and consumed
in less than 30 minutes, the quantity of water being the minimum for workability.
Mixing must be done on water tight platform and any mix not used within 30
minutes shall be discarded and removed from site.
A layer of cement and marble chipping mixture should be well trowelled into the
surface of the base concrete before filling to the top level of the screeds. The
layer should be well compacted and all voids shall be filled in. A layer of neat
cement of the specified color shall then be well-trowelled into the surface leaving
a plain smooth surface.
Floor shall be laid in panels of about 4’x4’ or of size as directed by the Client.
Dividing strips of brass, aluminum, glass or terrazzo as specified shall be
provided and fixed to exact levels making an allowance for grinding. Brass or
Aluminum strips shall not be less than 0.064” thick and of width equal to the total
thickness of cement concrete base and Terrazzo topping. In case of terrazzo strip,
a groove 3/4” wide and of thickness of the finished floors shall be left between the
panels of terrazzo, which shall be filled with terrazzo of the same specifications as
for floor mixed with approved color. The Contractor shall produce perfectly
straight and sharp lines for this in filling between the panels. Three days after
laying, the top layer must be evenly and smoothly machine-ground with
42
carborundum blocks of coarse, medium and fine grades so as to ensure that all
marble chippings are evenly exposed all over the surface. If marble chips are not
evenly exposed, the Contractor shall remove the wearing surface and relay at his
own cost. The surface after grinding shall be left undisturbed and cured for 2 to 3
weeks, after which it shall be cleaned of dirt and dust by rubbing gently with
pumice stone or washing soda in sufficient water. Three days after the surface
has been cleaned it shall be rubbed hard with 1:10 solution of oxalic acid using
felt. The surface shall then be cleaned and washed with plenty of water. After the
surface has dried a final gloss shall be given by chemical polishing the surface
using approved Polish to the satisfaction of the Client.
5.5 TERRAZZO DADO AND SKIRTING:
The marble chips and cement shall conform to specifications for floor. Mixing
shall be done in the same manner and proportion. The plastered surface over
which the terrazzo topping is to be applied shall be well roughened and watered,
cement mortar of specified ratio shall then be plastered over this well roughened
surface to required thickness. Before the base course has set, the layer of terrazzo
mixture (of the specifications for Flooring) shall be well trowelled into the surface
of the base to a thickness which after grinding shall result in the finished thickness
as required. A layer of neat cement of the specified color shall then be well
trowelled into the surface leaving a plain smooth surface. After 24 hours the
Contractor shall start finishing as for floors specified above. Terrazzo skirting
shall be provided around all terrazzo floors unless shown otherwise. Skirting and
dado shall be straight. They shall be with 1/4” radius cove at floor unless
otherwise shown. Grinding, finishing and polishing shall be done as per terrazzo
floors.
5.6 TERRAZZO ON STAIRS:
The stair risers and treads shall be finished according to exact sizes including the
terrazzo topping making allowance for grinding of terrazzo. The nozing shall be
flush with the terrazzo toppings and shall be protected by aluminum angles if
specified or shown on drawings. The angles shall be firmly secured by means of
counter-sunk brass screws and cast together with the step. Terrazzo shall be
ground finished and polished as per terrazzo floors.
5.7 TERRAZZO FINISHED PRECAST PARTITIONS FOR TOILETS:
Partitions for toilets shall be precast RCC slabs finished with 1/4” thick finished
and polished terrazzo on both faces. The finished thickness of these walls shall be
2”. RCC slab shall conform to specification for “Concreting” and terrazzo to
Section 5.5. Fixing of these partitions to floor, walls, etc. shall be as directed by
the Client and as shown on drawings.
43
5.8 PRECAST PRESSED TERRAZZO TILE FLOOR:
Where required floors shall be constructed of Terrazzo Tiles laid on a mortar bed.
Unless otherwise specified tiles shall be 12”x12”x 1.1/8” thick hydraulically
pressed terrazzo tiles with min. 1/2” thick wearing layer with cement to chips
ratio not less than 1:2 by weight and coloring matter (if any) not exceeding 10%
by weight of cement used in the mix. Tiles shall be factory pressed with a
pressure of not less than 2000 psi and factory ground. These shall be of a color
pattern and chip size as approved by the Client using Portland cement or white
cement as specified. Tiles shall be laid true to lines and perfectly even on a
mortar bed using 1:3 cement sand by volume of 1/2” average thickness over
1.1/2” thick 1:2:4 concrete floor screeds unless specified otherwise.
When laying has been completed all joints will be grouted with factory supplied
pigmented cement mortar to match the basic cement matrix of the tiles. Top of
floor shall then be left undisturbed and cured for 2 weeks, surface thoroughly
cleaned, and ground and polished to a full gloss as for in-situ terrazzo.
5.9 ACID-PROOF TILE FLOORS, SKIRTING AND LINING:
Acid proof tiles shall be of specified sizes and design, whether glazed or un-
glazed and whether plain or non-skid and of (M/s. EMCO or M/s. International
Ceramic Industries, Islamabad, make or approved equal). Acid-proof cement (NF-
10 of M/s. EMCO or approved equal) shall be applied to back and sides of joints.
The work shall be laid and cured as per written instructions of the manufacturer.
Finished work shall conform to required lines, grades, etc.
If specified, Epoxy mortar of approved make shall be used in lieu of acid-proof

cement NF-10.
If both acid-proof cement and epoxy mortar are specified to be used, acid-proof
cement shall be used as above leaving the half depth of the tiles joints unfilled
which shall be filled with epoxy mortar. Acid-proof tiles and mortar/epoxy work
shall be laid over concrete 1:2:4 and/or cement sand mortar base as may be
specified. If specified, specially moulded “Cove” tiles shall be used as skirtings.
5.10 MARBLE FACING AND FLOORING:
For marble facing to walls, selected marbles of specified thickness and sizes not
less than 2’x1’ or as may be specified shall be used. Slabs shall be fixed to
masonry or concrete with brass or other approved clips two at top and two at
bottom of each slab. The surface over which the marble slabs are required to be
fixed shall be cleaned of all dirt and dust. Marble slabs shall be laid over a 1:2
44
cement mortar plaster layer truly in plumb with copper clamps as specified, each
slab laid on 5 dabs of 4”x4” each in 1:2 cement sand mortar and grouted with
white/colored cement as specified. For marble floors selected marble of approved
color and quality and specified thickness and size shall be embedded over 1/2”
thick 1:2 cement mortar laid uniform and finished truly level with square edges.
Marble Slabs on Kitchen, Vanity Counter top and Stair Steps to use as specified
in BOQ. The cured marble floor and wall facings shall be finished and polished to
full gloss.
5.11 MARBLE PARTITIONS:
Partitions shall be set true and level. Where partitions abut masonry walls, these
shall be secured as shown on drawings. At other joints 3 angle clips shall be
provided at each inter-section. Where slabs bear on floor they shall be secured
with brass dowels not less than 2 per slab.
5.12 GLAZED WALLS TILING:
The wall which is to receive glazed tiling shall be thoroughly soaked with water.
Then 1:1 cement sand rendering shall be applied and left slightly rough. The tiles
well soaked in water shall be bedded in 1:1 cement sand mortar, the mortar being
buttered on the back of the tile to give a bed 1/4” thick after which the tile shall be
pressed and tapped home in correct position.
The grouting shall be done with white or tinted cement as required. Any fixture
required to be fixed in the glazed wall tiling shall be done with tiles cut to exact
size with proper tools. Where whole tiles can be used, pieces shall not be
permitted.
5.13 MEASUREMENT:
Unless given otherwise in BOQ, work of this section shall be measured by

superficial area.
Urinal partitions may be measured by number.
The rates shall be full compensation for every thing required to be furnished like
materials, labor, T&P scaffolds, etc. and the work done like roughening and
cleaning/washing of the existing surfaces, batching, mixing, dividing and laying
in panels including the panel dividing strips (if and as mentioned in BOQ
drawings) leveling, compacting, jointing, curing, grinding, washing, cleaning,
45
repairing, polishing, finishing, fixing/installing, etc. for the work completed

(laid/installed) in its required place/position, in all respects conforming to these
specifications. The rate for terrazzo on stairs shall not include providing and
installing metallic protectors to stairs nozing.
In case of Cast-in-Situ Terrazzo Work Items: the following shall be as specified

in BOQ or shown on drawings:
a) Thickness of PCC 1:2:4 or 1:3 cement plaster base.

b) Thickness of 1:2 terrazzo topping.
c) Color of cement to be used in topping.
d) Panel dividers, if to be provided.
In Case of BOQ Items for Tiles Work: (terrazzo tiles, glazed ceramic tiles, acid
proof tiles/slabs, etc.) the following shall be as specified in BOQ/shown on
drawings:
a) Quality (color, design, etc.) of tiles.

b) Thickness and mix ratio of bedding materials/bases.
c) Jointing material in case of Acid proof tiles.
46
SECTION-6
PLASTERING AND POINTING
6.1 CONFORMITY TO STANDARD:
Except as otherwise specified, all plaster work shall be carried out in conformity
with B.S. CP-211 “Internal Plastering” and CP-221 “External Renderings and
Finishes” as applicable to work shown on drawings and/or required in BOQ.
6.2 MATERIALS:
Cement and Water shall be as specified under section “Concreting”.
Sand shall be of medium coarse grain obtained from local approved quarries
subject to the approval of the Client, and shall conform to BS-1199 “Building
Sand from Natural Sources”.
Lime shall be as specified under section “Painting & Decorating”.
Additives including non-metallic surface hardner shall be approved make, utilized

as per printed instructions of the manufacturer and as approved by the Client.
6.3 SAMPLES:
All materials for plastering and pointing shall be used after approval of the Client
and same type of material will be used throughout the work in progress. If the
Client require the material to be tested, this shall be got done by the Contractor at
his own cost from a laboratory approved by the Client before work is commenced.
6.4 PLAIN PLASTER:
The surface to be plastered shall be properly cleaned and watered for 24 hours and
before application of plaster. Concrete surfaces shall be properly roughened by
wire brushes while the concrete is still green or by hacking if the surface has
hardened so that 40% of the concrete surface is roughened. Masonry joints shall
be raked to 1/2” depth.
Cement and sand shall be thoroughly mixed in a dry state and with gauged water
for sufficient workability. Any mortar which has not been used within 30 minutes
of the addition of water shall be rejected. All tools should be examined and
thoroughly cleaned before plastering is begun. All corners and arises shall be
rounded or squared as required while plastering. The plaster shall be laid and
47
finished to a true and plumb surface free from blow holes, trowel marks and other
defects and tested frequently with plumb-bob and straight edge not less than 10’
in length. All horizontal lines and surfaces shall be tested with a level and all
jambs and corners with a plumb-bob as the work proceeds. All mouldings and
decorations shall be worked true to template and shall be neat, clean, level and
parallel, or truly plumb as the case may be. Plaster shall be applied to specified
thickness in mortar of specified mix ratio and required consistency.
Wherever a thickness of more than 3/4” is specified, it shall be applied in 2 coats,

each 3/8” thick, as backing coat and final coat. The backing coat shall be carried
to full length of walls or natural breaking points. No vertical or horizontal joints
which show themselves shall be permissible. The backing coat shall be
roughened with waving lines drawn by wire brushes when wet to provide bond
for final coat. The final coat shall be applied only after the backing coat has been
properly cured and wetted, and finished with wooden flats to present smooth and
uniform surface. Defective work shall be dismantled and redone to the
satisfaction of the Client at Contractor’s expense.
All putlog holes shall be filled up in advance of the plastering as the scaffolding is
being taken down. The plaster shall be kept wet for 10 days and protected from
ambient temperatures and weather. Plaster stops and beads shall be of galvanized
metal or as approved and shall be fixed where shown on the drawings.
Plaster containing cracks, blisters, pits, etc. or discolouration shall be removed

and replaced with plaster matching existing work in color and texture, as
approved by the Client. Floating coat of neat cement if specified in BOQ shall be
applied while the plaster is still green and the surface rubbed smooth with steel
trowels. If trowel marks are visible after the surface has been finished it may be
required to be redone.
6.5 POINTING WORK:
Joints of masonry work to be pointed shall be properly raked to 1/2” depth,

cleaned and wetted for 24 hours.
For struck pointing the mortar shall be filled in the joints flush with masonry with
a pointing trowel and then pressed with proper pointing tools to form weathered
and struck horizontal joints and triangular or V-notched vertical joints. For flush
pointing, after pressing mortar in the joints, these shall be filled up with mortar
and finished level with edges. After pointing, the face of the work shall be
cleared of all surplus mortar. No washing shall be done till the pointing has set.
All defects shall be treated at Contractor’s expense. All work shall be kept wet
for 10 days and protected from extreme temperatures and weather.
48
6.6 MEASUREMENT:
All the work under this section shall be measured by actual area plastered
including returns and soffits. Deduction shall be made for the openings of any
size from the two sides. Unit of measurement shall be %Sft. or as given in BOQ.
Ornamental work to be finished and plastered shall be measured by length and

paid for separately. Unit of measurement shall be linear meter or foot.
6.7 RATES AND PAYMENT:
The accepted BOQ rates for the BOQ items shall be full compensation for every
thing furnished and done for the completed items, at any height, depth or level, as
per these specifications, drawings and instructions of the Client.
i) In case of plaster work rates, the thickness and mix ratio shall be as given
in BOQ items. Finish shall be smooth or to suit the type of painting/lime
washing/distempering, as directed by the Client or rough finish in case of
under-coat/base plaster. Drip courses made in plaster shall not be
measured for direct payment but shall be included in the plaster rate. The
plaster rates, unless otherwise given in BOQ do not include costs for
providing, using or installing surface hardeners, water proofing agents or
any other type of additive, metallic beads, corner guards and plaster stops.
ii) In case of pointing, the type and mix ratio shall be as given in BOQ item
or on drawing. The rate shall not include cost of providing and using any
pigment, unless otherwise given in BOQ items.
49
SECTION-7
ROOFING AND WATER-PROOFING
All roofing work shall conform to relevant standards as applicable to the work
specified. Except where otherwise specified, the work of water-proofing shall
comply with the requirements of British Standard CP-144. “Roof Coverings, Part-
I, ‘Built-up-Bitumen Felts’ and Part-2 ‘Mastic Asphalt’ “ as applicable to the
work specified.
7.2 MATERIALS:
Materials shall be delivered to the site in manufacturer’s original unopened

containers with manufacturers label bearing type, grade, name and quality, etc.,
clearly marked thereon. A copy of printed instructions of manufacturers shall be
supplied to the Client.
Cement shall conform to Specifications as described under Section “Concreting”.
Additive for Foam Concrete shall be of manufacture approved by the Client.
Water shall be as described under section “Concreting”.
Bitumen shall conform to BS-1310 having a softening point lower than 160 deg.F
and shall be Special Industrial Bitumen (S.I.B.) grade 10/20, PB3 or PB4.
Bitumen Felt shall conform to BS-747:1968, fine sand surfaced Bitumen Felt
type IB, fiber based “Sealock”, “Master” or equal.
Sand shall be as specified under section “Plasterer”.
Gravel shall be 1/4” to 3/8” size and shall be washed free of dust, soil or foreign
matter, and 100% passing through a 1/2” screen and dried.
G.I. Corrugated and Plain Sheets shall conform to relevant standards and shall be
of 22-SWG thickness.
Asbestos Cement Corrugated Sheet shall conform to Pakistan Standard

Specification No. PS-430:1964 and shall be 6-mm thick.
50
Steel Bolts, Nuts, Washers, Screws shall conform to the requirements of BS-916
“Black Bolts, Screws & Nuts” and BS-1083 “Precision hexagon bolts, screws,
nuts and plain washers” as applicable & BS-1494 “Fixing Accessories for
Building Purposes”.
Wood Screw: All fixing accessories for sheet roofing, J-hook bolts, Limpet
patent dome washers, anchoring bolts and nuts for connecting sheets to each
other, etc. shall be hot dipped galvanized as per BS-720 Part-I “Hot Dip
Galvanized Coating”.
7.3 SAMPLES:
The Contractor shall get samples of all the materials used for the items under this
section approved by the Client, and same type of material shall be used
throughout the work. Any material required by the Client to be tested, shall be
got tested by the Contractor at his own cost from a laboratory approved by the
Client.
7.4 MEMBRANE WATER-PROOFING:
a) General: Membrane water-proofing shall consist of number of layers

indicated in the BOQ. It shall not be carried out when ambient
temperature is below 40 deg.F, or before any pipes, drains, etc. with
flashings around them have been installed.
b) Surface Preparation: All surfaces to receive water-proofing shall be clean

and perfectly dry. All pits, holes, crevices shall be filled up with mortar
and all high spots chipped off and ground smooth and the surface carefully
swept clean. Primer (Asphalt 50%, turpentine oil 50%) shall be applied to
the surface and left to dry for 24 hours.
c) Application of Water-proofing: Leveling, surfacing & making proper

slope for rain water drainage at roof in cement mortar 1:6 and laying Paint
Coat of S.I.B @ 3.25 lbs / %Sft. over Bitumen Felt (Jute based) over
sticking Coat of (S.I.B) 3.25 lbs / %Sft. over Primer Coat of bitumen 0.45
lbs / %Sft. mixed with kerosene oil & sand blasting @ 5 Cft. / %Sft.
Complete in all respects.
d) Turn-ups, overlaps and reinforcement at corners and around fixtures: Felt

water-proofing shall be continued to turn up at slab edges and along
partition walls and fixtures to a minimum of 6” height . Additional 2
layers felt treatment shall be provided at all corner angles. At all other
places where membrane is subjected to unusual strains water-proofing
felts shall have a minimum of 3” side and end laps and laps in succeeding
51
layers shall be staggered by 11” so that in every three layers each lapped
joint is covered by two continuous layers.
e) Protective Coating: Unless specific concrete or tile paving is called for
above the water-proofing membrane, the final mop coat of bitumen while
hot shall be provided with a blinding layer of washed dry peagravel or
coarse sand as specified at 4-Cft./%Sft.
7.5 FOAM CONCRETE:
Light weight concrete shall be prepared by using approved chemical additives to

cement in such quantities and by such methods, according to printed instructions
of the approved manufacturers, as will ensure the weight of concrete per Cft.
required by BOQ and drawings, and the crushing strengths specified. The
Contractor shall procure all materials and equipment necessary for the work,
which shall be carried out after prepared samples have been approved by the
Client. Foam concrete shall be laid in panels and true to levels and slopes as
directed by the Client. All foam concrete shall be blinded by a monolithic surface
layer 1/2” thick in 1:3 cement sand mortar finished smooth. Work shall be cured
per Section “Concreting” for seven days.
7.6 CORRUGATED SHEET ROOFING:
Roofing sheets shall rest on horizontal purlins so as to come under the ends and to
give at least one or two lines of intermediate support. Each sheet shall be laid
with 6” minimum lap at the end and a side lap of 2 corrugations. Each sheet must
be fastened at the corners and every third corrugation along the ends, and evenly
at the sides at intervals of not more than 2’. Holes for fastenings shall be drilled
and not punched and shall be located always at ridges. Sheets are to join each
other with J-hook bolts of 1/4” dia through 5/16” dia holes. Each bolt shall have a
galvanized limpet dome washer at the top and a bitumen washer over the hole.
Ridges and hips shall be covered by special ridge and hip section or with plain
G.I. sheeting 22-SWG laid in length with end and side laps of at least 9”, fastened
as specified.
Sheets shall be fastened down just above the eaves by continuous lengths of
1.5”x1/2” flat iron bolted down at not more than 5’ intervals by 1/2” dia bolts
with 3”x3”x1/8” washer at the lower end and embedded 12” into the wall.
7.7 MUD AND TILE ROOFING & WATER PROOFING:
Unless otherwise given in BOQ the work will consist of a coat of Primer per
Clause 7.4 (b) on clean dry surface, two coats of Special Industrial Bitumen or
approved equal applied at 17-lbs./%Sft. Each coat having a neat surface free of
pin holes, bubbles, blemishes etc. a layer of polythene sheet of 500 gauge (5-mill
52
= 0.005” thick) having 3” overlaps at joints, compacted earth, one inch thick mud
plaster, a layer of first class burnt clay tiles 1.5” thick grouted in 1:3 cement sand
mortar. Materials shall conform to the relevant specifications of this and other
sections. Completed work shall be cured for 10 days.
7.8 MEASUREMENTS:
All quantities shall be measured net, without any allowance for overlaps, turn ups,
etc. Roofing and Water proofing shall be measured by superficial area, except that
foam concrete insulation shall be measured by volume. Slopping roofs shall be
measured along the slope.
The rates shall be full compensation for every thing required to be furnished (like
labor, T&P, scaffolds, materials) and done (like heating, transporting, laying, etc.)
for the work item complete in place in all respects, conforming to these
specifications.
Pay Item for Membrane Water Proofing:
Rate shall cover work as per Clause 7.4 but the number of felt layers, numbers of
piles of the felt, weight of felt per roll of 72’x3’ and whether the top flood coat
shall be covered with sand, pan gravel or polythene sheet 0.005” indicated gauge,
shall be as given in BOQ/drawing.
Pay Item for Light Weight Foam Concrete Insulation:
Rate shall cover work per Clause 7.5, excluding the monolithic plaster layer at top
which shall be paid for under a separate item under this Section or Section
“Plastering and Pointing”. Density and average thickness of foam concrete shall
be as indicated in BOQ.
Pay Item for Water Proofing and Mud & Tile Roofing:
Rate shall be for work as per Clause 7.7 and the average thickness of compacted
earth shall be 3”, unless given otherwise.
Pay Item for Corrugated Sheet Roofing:
The rate shall cover work as per Clause 7.6 including its fixing arrangement
(except the support system like rafters and purlins) like J or hook bolts, limpet and
bitumen washers including their galvanizing/painting as per specifications
Section-10, laps, hips, ridge and gutter pieces, etc. complete system as per actual
requirements.
53
SECTION – 8
RAIN WATER DRAINAGE
8.1 CONFORMITY TO STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS:
All work in this section shall conform to the applicable requirements of BS CP-
301 (1950) and CP-303 (1952) and to the directions of the Client and these
specifications.
8.2 MATERIALS:
Cast Iron Rainwater Pipes & Fittings: for use above ground shall conform to
BS-416 (1967) as applicable and for drainage work below ground to BS-437 as
applicable.
Cast iron pipes and fittings 6” dia and 4” dia shall be of medium grade and the
pipes shall weigh not less than 73-lbs and 48 lbs per 6’ length respectively. These
shall be perfectly straight and of uniform diameters and thickness. The pipes and
fittings shall be coated inside and outside with bitumen hard enough not to flow at
a temperature of 145 deg. F. The exposed work’s external surface shall be
painted with an approved paint 3 coat work.
The hangers, supports and anchors shall be of approved design and shall be so
arranged as to allow the pipes to lift in case of settlement of the building. These
shall be painted with bitumastic enamel paint or the paint of the same quality as
for the pipes supported by these hangers.
Galvanized Iron Pipes and Fittings: The pipes shall conform to BS-1367
medium grade and its galvanizing shall conform to BS-729 as applicable. All G.I.
pipe fittings of galvanized iron pipes shall conform to British Standard
Specifications and their galvanizing shall conform to BS-729 as applicable.
Jointing and Packing Material: Lead shall be sound, free from inclusions and
shall be of the best quality available in the market. The packing shall be of pure
jute, hemp or hempen spun yarn.
Concrete: Its constituents and workmanship shall conform to relevant

specification of Section “Concreting”.
54
8.3 SAMPLES:
Samples of all materials, fittings, fixtures etc. shall be got approved before use by
the Client. Approved substitutes shall be accepted in place of the specific types or
brands.
8.4 LAYING AND JOINTING OF C.I. PIPES:
Each pipe shall be carefully examined before being laid and defective or damaged
pipes shall not be used and shall be removed from the site. The pipes before
being laid shall be brushed to remove any soil or stones that may have
accumulated on the inside of the sockets and outside of spigot being carefully
cleaned and shall be plugged as necessary during construction. Any section of the
pipe found to be defective even after fixing shall be replaced with sound pipe
without additional expense to the Client. Fittings at bends in the pipe line shall be
firmly anchored in order to prevent the fittings from being blown off the lines
when under pressure. Joints for Cast Iron rain water pipes and fittings shall be
made with lead, jute and hemp spun yarn. Run lead joints shall be applied to
perfectly dry pipes. Under wet conditions, depths and methods as per BS Code of
Practice –310 (1950). The packing material shall be well packed into the annular
space so as to prevent the entrance of lead into the pipe. The lead shall be caulked
to form a tight joint without over-straining the bell. Painting shall be done per
Clause 8.2 and Specification Section-10.
8.5 LAYING AND JOINTING OF GALVANIZED IRON PIPES:
All screwed joints both internal and external shall be carefully examined. The
threads of the joints shall be perfect for the full depth of the joint and any burrs at
the ends shall be removed. In case there is any flow in the thread, the thread shall
be tightly drawn over the sockets and dies of the correct size to suit the threads
shall be used. The screwed ends of pipes or specials to be jointed shall be very
slightly tapered to ensure water tightness. The jointing work shall be so arranged
that the two ends of the pipes or specials jointed shall be at equal distance from
the middle of the socket and shall have a space of not more than ¼” between
them. Country cotton yarn smeared with genuine white lead shall be wound in
the grooves of the outside threads of the pipes from end to end of the joint. The
strand of cotton yarn shall be very thin and of best quality. No piece of cotton
yarn shall project outside the ends of the joint or inside the pipe. While lead paste
shall be thin and made up by boiling genuine and moist white lead in linseed oil.
Painting shall be done per Clause 8.2 and Specification Section –10.
55
8.6 TESTING OF PIPE LINES:
All piping shall be tested by the Contractor and approved by Client before
acceptance, by either of the following methods:
a) Water Test: The entire rain water drainage system shall have all
necessary openings plugged to permit the entire system to be filled with
water to the level of the highest stack. The system shall hold this water for
30 minutes without showing any drop.
b) Air Test: Air at a pressure of not less than 5-lbs/sq.in shall be applied
with a force pump and the system should maintain the pressure for at least
15 minutes without leakage. A mercury-column gauge shall be used in
performing the air test.
8.7 RAIN WATER OPEN DRAINS:
Open drains shall be constructed where required on the site of works for rain
water drainage as per drawings and true to level and slopes. Materials and
construction shall comply with clauses of specifications under section
“Concreting” and other relevant sections.
8.8 MEASUREMENTS AND RATES:
Rates for all items under this Section shall cover the cost of furnishing all
materials, labor and appliances at site and performing all operations in connection
with laying, fixing, jointing, testing and painting in accordance with the bills of
quantities and as specified. All pipe work shall be measured in running feet/meter
of finished length. Wastage or length consumed in joints shall not be measured
for separate payment. However, for measurement of completed length of G.I. &
C.I. pipe line, the length consumed in specials and fittings shall be measured and
paid for along with the pipeline. All types of specials for fixing cast iron or A.C.
pipes are included in the rates of pipes and no separate payment for specials will
be made.
56
SECTION – 9
CARPENTRY, JOINERY AND GLAZING
Except as otherwise specified, work under this section shall conform to relevant
British Standards as applicable to work.
9.2 MATERIALS:
Timber: shall conform to the applicable requirements of BS-1986 “Quality of

Timber and Workmanship in Joinery” Part-I ‘Quality of Timber’. Timber shall be
well seasoned, uniform in substance and color, free from large or dead knots,
cross grains, winds, shakes, cracks or other blemishes. The fibre shall be straight
and smooth and shall not give a dull appearance.
Ply-wood: shall conform to the applicable requirements of BS-1455 “British

made Plywood” for workmanship and quality. Unless otherwise required or
shown on the drawing the thickness of the plywood shall be ¼” and shall be Teak,
Sheesham or commercial veneered for all exposed faces as given in BOQ or on
drawings.
Panelling Boards: Where called for in the BOQ or shown on the drawings,
paneling boards shall be factory-pressed boards of required thickness with Teak
or Sheesham veneer on the exposed face and commercial ply on the back, with
high density particle board in – between, as specified and approved by the Client.
Edges and ends of boards where visible shall be provided with a veneer of
matching grain and quality.
Formica: It shall be of required shade and pattern and of best quality as approved
by the Client.
Flush Doors: shall conform to BS-459 “Flush Wood Doors” and Code of
Practice CP-151 Part-I “Flush Wood Doors”.
Metal Fixing Accessories: Fixing accessories shall conform to the requirements

of applicable British Specifications in particular:
- BS-325 “Black Counter Sunk Nuts and Washers”.

- BS-916 “Bolts, Screws and Nuts” BS-1210 “Wood Screws”.
- BS-1494 “Fixing Accessories for Building Purposes”.
- BS-1202 “Wire Nails and Cut Nails for Building Purposes”.
57
Wire Gauze: unless otherwise specified in BOQ, shall be of best quality

uniformly woven wire webbing 12x12 mesh per sq.in made from 22-gauge
galvanized iron wire. All wire gauze panels shall be in one piece, no joint being
allowed in the gauze.
Wood Preservative: shall be creosote or penta-chlorphenol and shall conform to

the applicable requirements of BS-1266 “Classification of Wood Preservatives
and their method of application”.
Glue: shall conform to the applicable requirement of BS-745 “Animal Glue for
wood” or BS-1204 “Synthetic Resin (Phenolic and Amine Plastic) Adhesives for
construction work in Wood”.
Putty shall be an elastic glazing compound suitable for interior and exterior
glazing and shall conform to the requirements of BS-544 “Linseed oil putty for
use in wooden frames”. The putty for metal frames shall be of a type specially
prepared for use with metal frames conforming to the applicable requirements of
the BS or of a make approved by the Client.
Paint shall be as specified under section “Painting & Decorating”.
Glass: Glazing, clear or frosted, shall be in conformity with requirements of

BS:CP-152 “Glazing and fixing of glass for buildings” and BS-952.
All glass used shall be even, free from specks, bubbles, tints, distortion and flaws
of every kind. Unless otherwise specified in the Bills of Quantities, the glass shall
conform to weights per Sft for various sizes as below:
- Not exceeding 12”x14” – 16 oz (about 1/14” thick).

- Exceeding 12”x14” but not exceeding 24”x24” – 21 oz (1/10” thick).
- Exceeding 24” x24” but not exceeding 30”x30” – 26 oz (1/9” thick).
- Exceeding 12”x14” but not exceeding 36”x36” – 32 oz (1/7” thick).
- Exceeding 36”x36” plate glass – (¼ thick). (1/10” thick).
Weight of glass as required for the largest panel in any unit of door or window,
etc. shall be employed in all panels irrespective of their size.
Hardware shall be of best quality and make of approved manufacture. Their

sizes, materials and number shall be as detailed in the drawings/bills of quantities.
9.3 SAMPLES:
Samples of material used for the work under this section shall be submitted for
approval by the Client and same type of material shall be used throughout the
58
work. If the Client require the material to be tested, this shall be got done by the
Contractor at his own cost from a Laboratory approved by the Client. Any
material rejected by the Client shall be removed from the site immediately.
9.4 WORKMANSHIP:
9.4.1 General: Wood work shall be neatly and truly finished to exact
dimensions and details as shown on the drawings. All joints shall be
simple tenon and mortise joints unless otherwise specified or directed by
the Client, and shall fit truly and fully. Holes of correct size shall be
drilled before inserting screws. Driving in or starting in screws with
hammer shall not be allowed. All screws shall be dipped in oil before
being inserted in correct size holes which shall be drilled for the purpose.
All portions of timber, built into or against masonry or concrete or used as
sub-frame for railing or paneling, shall be treated with wood preservative
as specified.
If after the wood work has been erected, any undue shrinkage, distortion
or bad workmanship is discovered the Contractor shall forthwith replace
or amend the same without any extra charge, to the satisfaction of the
Client.
9.4.2 Frames for Doors, Windows etc.: Door and window frames shall
conform to the applicable requirements of BS-1567 “Wood Door Frames
and Linings”. The door frames shall be of best quality Deodar wood or of
the timber specified and shall be fabricated to exact size and dimensions as
shown in the drawings. The vertical members of frames shall be
embedded in floors at least 2” deep for which extra length no extra
payment shall be made. Frames shall have rebate to receive the leaves as
shown on the drawings. The frames shall be suitably secured to the
brickwork or concrete by holdfasts or expansion bolts as shown on the
drawings or as approved by the Client. Stop shall be of best quality timber
of the same specification as that for frames.
9.4.3 Panelled Doors & Windows: shall conform to the applicable

requirements of BS-459 “Paneled and Glazed Wood Doors” Part-I and
BS:CP-151 Part-I. Doors shall be of best quality well seasoned Deodar
Wood or the timber specified. Panels shall be of solid wood, veneered
ply-wood, or glass as indicated in the drawings. Stiles, rails and beads
shall be of well seasoned best quality specified wood.
9.4.4 Flush Doors shall conform to the applicable requirements of BS-459

“Flush Wood Doors” and BS:CP-151. Door leaf shall be of well seasoned
solid core of Deodar wood block board cross grained and face veneered
59
with 5-ply 6mm thick plywood of specified finish on each side. Door leaf
shall have an inner frame and well seasoned edge strips of quality and
design shown on drawings on all four edges of leaf. Face veneers shall be
free of saps, streaks, knots and irregularities and shall be suitable for
taking required finish. Veneer construction shall provide for equal stress
on both sides to ensure absence of warp. Flush doors shall be screwed to
the frames by means of hinges which shall be counter sunk in the wooden
frames.
9.4.5 Wiregauzed Doors and Windows: They shall be of size and design as
shown in drawings or indicated in BOQ. Wire gauze shall be fixed to the
frame of the leaf after being stretched from out to out of rebate and fixed
taut. The screw shall not be less than 1.25” in length nor spaced farther
than 9”. All exposed arises of the fillet shall be finished with a small neat
mould.
9.4.6 Glazing: All glazing work shall be carried out in conformity with BS:CP-
152. Glass will be fixed after first coat of paint or polish has been applied.
Glass shall be fixed with best quality putty, wood or steel moulding as
required. Glass shall be protected against damage. After inspection, any
labels and paint spots shall be removed from the glass and glass shall be
washed clean. Damaged or broken glass shall be removed and replaced by
the Contractor at his own expense.
9.4.7 Paneling: it shall be of well seasoned best quality required wood. Unless
otherwise indicated in BOQ or drawings, the planks shall be ¾” thick.
Deodar wood battens shall be screwed to hard wood plugs fixed in slab or
wall creosoted before fixing as specified. Deodar wood panels shall be
screwed to the Deodar wood under-frame as shown on the drawings.
Deodar wood beading shall be provided wherever indicated on the
drawings. Panels shall be so fixed that a uniform surface with equal gaps
or joints results in a pleasing appearance.
9.4.8 Wood Handrails: shall be of best quality well seasoned wood. Handrails
shall be accurately shaped to detail and made in as long sections as
possible. Joints shall be fastened with concealed handrail bolts. All
changes in direction shall be smooth, even, carved out of one solid piece.
Handrails shall be secured to metal railing with ¼” x 2” screws at 12”
centers.
9.4.9 Sub-frames for wall paneling, wood floors & cat-walks: They shall be
of best quality Deodar wood, of sizes as shown on drawings and securely
fixed in position using hard wood plugs, bolts etc. using enough number of
nails, screws etc. as specified and directed by the Client. The timber
60
members shall be given 2-coats of wood preservative before they are

installed in position.
9.4.10 Hardware: It shall be carefully fitted and securely attached. Upon

completion of the work all locks and hinges shall be oiled and all
hardware shall be demonstrated to work freely in the presence of Client.
Key shall be fitted into their locks and upon acceptance of the work, keys
shall be tagged and delivered to Client.
9.5 PAINTING:
All wooden doors, windows, paneling etc. shall be painted or polished as

required, and as specified under section “Painter and Decorator”. Hard woods
shall be polished and soft woods shall be painted.
9.6 MEASUREMENTS:
9.6.1 General Wood Work:
The measurement of wood work (general) or planking shall be the net

measurement after fixing in position, no allowance being made for waste,
overlaps, rebates or the dimensions supplied beyond those specified. The
length of each piece, however, shall be taken overall so as to include
projection for tenons or scarfs. Measurement shall be made by superficial
area, volume or length as given in BOQ.
9.6.2 Doors & Windows:
These shall be measured by the superficial area of the clear opening in

brick work or masonry, no allowance being made for overlaps,
architraves, beadings and the like; except that in case of doors having
frames on two sides only with a void at bottom between the floor and the
leaf, height shall be the leaf height. In case of any special rate being paid,
measurement shall be taken of the least squares or rectangles to contain
the opening in question.
Fixed wire-gauze and wire-gauze leaves shall not be measured for separate
payment.
9.6.3 Wood Hand Rails: shall be measured by length. Metal work

(Balustrades, Anchors etc.) shall be measured and paid under section
“Steel & Metal Worker”.
61
The rate and prices shall be full compensation for every thing furnished and done
for the work item installed/fixed complete in all respects, and as per these
specifications, drawings, instructions of the Client and Conditions of Contract. It
should be specifically noted that the rates are also inclusive of the following:
- Hardware per Hardware Schedule; hold fasts, plugs, fixed wire-

gauze or wire gauze shutters; architraves, stops, beadings,
mouldings, tower bolts and mortice locks (Japan made) etc. all as
shown on the drawings and as specified.
- Finishing (painting, polishing etc.) wood preservatives as

specified in section “Painting and Decorating”.
- Glass and glazing if required as per drawings.
62
SECTION – 10
STEEL AND METAL WORK
Unless otherwise specified all work carried out under this section shall conform to
British Standard-449 “The use of Structural Steel in Building” CP-113 and other
BS as applicable to the work. Aluminum work shall conform to BS-1476/HE-9
and ASTM-6063.
10.2 MATERIALS:
Steel Channels, Angle Iron, Rolled I Beams, Plates & Bars shall conform to
the applicable requirements of BS-15 “Mild Steel for General Structural
purposes”.
Steel Plates shall conform to the requirements of BS-1449 “Steel Plates Sheets
and Strips”.
Metal Casement Windows and Casement Doors Shall conform to BS-99

(1967) “Steel Windows generally for domestic and similar buildings”. Where
locally rolled T-Sections of steel for doors and windows are used, these shall be
standard sections 1/8” thick and 1” deep unless other sizes are required.
Galvanizing: All fixing accessories for windows and doors where specified and
nuts, bolts, screws, hinges, stay pegs, Iron beadings, breadings, brackets, stays,
rests, etc. shall be hot-dipped galvanized as per BS-729 Part-I, “Hot dipped
Galvanized Coatings”.
Steel Bolts, Nuts, Washers: Bolts per BS-4190 to be strength grade 4.8 if Cold
Forged or 4.6 if Hot Forged and the Chemical composition shall be selected by
the manufacturer (except that the maximum Sulphur and Phosphorous content
shall not exceed 0.006 percent) to give the Mechanical properties.
Also if the steel is produced by an oxygen process, the Nitrogen content shall not
exceed 0.008%. The principal mechanical properties required for these grades of
steel are as follows:-
Min. Tensile Strength - 40 kg/sq.mm.
Min. Yield Strength - (Grade 4.6) 24 kg/sq.mm.

- (Grade 4.8) 32 kg/sq.mm.
63
Brinell Hardness - Min. 110

- Max 170
Elongation after fracture - (Grade 4.6) 25% Min.
- (Grade 4.8) 14% Min.
For nuts the chemical composition limits are given as follows:
Carbon 0.50% Max.

Phosphorus 0.110% Max.
Sulphur 0.150% Max.
And the Principal Mechanical properties are:
Proof load Stress: - (Based on the Tensile Stress

Area of the Bolt) = 40 kg/sq.mm.
Brinell Hardness - Max. 302
Washers shall conform to BS-4320 and only Black Washers, unless otherwise
specified, made of mild steel shall be used. The bolts shall be supplied
subdivided by type and diameter, oil-protected on the threaded parts to prevent
oxidation and damage from impacts.
Testing: Each supply shall be accompanied by a mill test certificate indicating

the mechanical characteristics of materials.
The Client reserves the right to inspect periodically the Contractor’s shop and take
samples in order to verify the mechanical resistance of the materials.
Wood Work: of this section shall conform to specifications in section

“Carpentry, Joinery and Glazing”.
Painting: shall conform to BS:CP-231 “Painting” as applicable and as specified

in section “Painting & Decorating”.
10.3 SAMPLES:
Samples of the materials used for the work under this section shall be submitted
and approval of the Client obtained and same type of material shall be used
throughout the work. If the Client require the material to be tested, this shall be
got done by the Contractor at his own cost from a Laboratory approved by the
Client.
64
10.4 STEEL CASEMENT WINDOWS, VENTILATORS ETC.
All sections shall be hot rolled low carbon steel one piece sections with flanges
rolled integrally as per BS-990, flanges forming the weathering contacts as both
inside and outside points of closure. Composite steel sections made by welding
channels, angles and plates shall be accepted in lieu of one piece section only
when specifically called for or when shown on drawings. Such sections shall be
continuously welded in a staggered manner. Corners of frames shall be mitred,
solid welded and shall be finished flush and smooth on surfaces that will be
exposed after installation. All members shall be in one length without splices,
and shall be straightened so that they shall not be more than 1/16” from a straight
plane in either direction for the full length of members. Doors, windows shall be
installed plumb, level, in alignment and properly braced to prevent distortion.
These shall be erected in position using proper holdfasts or counter sunk bolts and
screws as shown on drawings and approved by the Client.
Hinges for windows shall be of steel or malleable iron with non-ferrous bushings
or washers. Two hinges and one locking handle in smooth finished solid bronze
per window shall be furnished but for window exceeding 5’ in height three hinges
and two point locking devices with steel connecting rods shall be furnished. Ten
inches long solid Bronze or moulded heavy gauge galvanized iron peg stay, one
for each openable panel, shall be provided. Pegstays and locking devices shall be
manufactured as per standard design approved by the Client and shall be secured
to windows with corrosion resisting bolts and screws. Metal glazing bead if
specified or shown on the drawings shall be galvanized and of minimum 18-SWG
thickness.
10.5 GLAZING:
Glazing shall be as specified under Section “Carpentry, Joinery & Glazing”.
10.6 WIRE GAUZE DOORS, WINDOWS & VENTILATORS:
Wire gauze shall be as specified in section “Carpentry, Joinery & Glazing”. Wire
gauze shall be stretched taut and fixed to the members with nuts and bolts or
screws with M.S. flat beading/moulding over it, as shown in drawings.
65
10.7 ROLLING SHUTTERS:
Rolling shutters shall be of solid-front made of 22-gauge G.I. sheet strips. G.I.
sheet strips shall be 2.5” wide and shall be machine moulded. Covers & slits shall
be of approved make and design. Shutters shall be secured to structure by means
of holdfasts, bolts and nuts. The rolled top portion shall be encased in 1/8” thick
sheet casing. When installed, the shutters shall be capable of smooth and easy
operation and shall be provided with approved type of handles and eyes for
padlocks etc. They will be painted as per Section “Painting & Decorating”.
10.8 RAILING:
Iron railing shall be well formed to the shape, size and material shown on the
drawings with sharp lines, curves, angles and smooth surfaces. Balustrades shall
be formed with all turns and easings and shall be secured to the top rail at
intervals of 12” on centres or as directed. Balusters shall be set parallel to each
other, and the balusters and posts shall be anchored into stairs, curbs and slabs, etc
as directed. The space between the railing balusters or posts and the openings for
anchorage shall be solidly filled with molten lead, trimmed flush with the finished
floor, stairs or curb. Wall handrails shall be supported on rail brackets, securely
fastened to back plates fixed to walls.
Painting: shall be done as per Section “Painting & Decorating”.
10.9 STRUCTURAL STEEL WORK:
Steel members shall be sound and free from cracks, scales, blisters, surface flaws,
laminations, cracked edges and other defects. The structures shall be shop
fabricated in accordance with drawings but assembled, welded, riveted or bolted
at site prior to being lifted in position. Assembly shall not be allowed on the false
work. All members shall be cut truly square so as to butt properly and splices and
joints shall be made only in such position as shown on drawings or as directed by
the Client. All field work or fabrication, riveting, bolting and welding shall be
carried out in workmanlike manner. Bending, straining or pounding with sledges
shall not be allowed during erection. The structure shall be given one coat of
specified lead primer. All connections and meeting surfaces of structural steel
work shall be covered with sufficient primer to ensure that it squeezes out around
riveting or bolting. The structure shall be anchored by bolts and bed plates
embedded in masonry or concrete. The shoe plates shall be fabricated alongwith,
and the slotted sides shall be correctly aligned and fixed according to the position
shown on the drawings.
Painting shall be done as per Section “Painting & Decorating”.
66
10.10 M.S. GRILLS:
The grills shall be manufactured using M.S. flats in sizes and designs required and
fixed as shown on drawings. Painting shall be done as per Section “Painting &
Decorating”.
10.11 ALUMINIUM CASEMENT DOORS AND WINDOWS:
All sections shall be from high strength aluminum alloy, full sections being
extruded integrally having mechanical joints. PVC weather strip shall be used to
render joints between the walls and outer frame, between the moving panel frame
and receiving limb of the fixed frame etc. proof against dust and moisture.
The sliding panels shall have Nylon Rollers and corresponding rail for friction-
free operation. PVC glazing channel of approved design shall be used for glazing.
All the aluminum sections shall be anodized as per BS and shall have a special
smooth and durable shop finish of lacquer.
All other specifications as to being level, plumb, flush and butt with the walls
shall apply as given under “Steel Casement Windows, Ventilators etc”.
To avoid damage to aluminum frames during construction, the Contractor shall be

required to furnish and use at his own cost one or more aluminum frames of
typical windows/ventilators of exactly same dimensions as a template to be
temporarily installed at each location so that all plastering, curing, surface
preparation, finishing around the frame etc. is completed true to size; after which
the temporary frame will be removed and replaced by the actual frame. The rate
for aluminum doors/windows also includes all weather strips, etc. as specified
including any costs of template frames, their fixing, etc.
10.12 AUTOMATIC SLIDING ALUMINIUM DOORS:
These shall be provided at selected openings as shown on the drawings. The sizes
shall vary according to the architectural requirements. All doors shall be center
opening and sliding sideways. The glazing shall not be less than ¼” thick which
shall be smoke tinted, reflecting and polished plate glass perfectly matching with
the glazing provided elsewhere in the works.
The door shall be supported in top and bottom rails and shall be provided with
antifriction bearings preferably hermetically sealed for long life. The mechanical
arrangement shall consist of a system of noiseless levers, steel ropes and guides
for moving the openable portion of door uniformly in forward and backward
67
directions. Rubber or PVC pads shall be provided to reduce any impact due to
erratic functioning of the mechanical system. The drives shall be provided by
means of reversible electric motor of appropriate capacity. The opening and
closing operation shall be controlled by means of electronic beam and floor
detectors. The controlling arrangement shall incorporate necessary contactors and
relays for operation of the motor.
The doors shall be provided with means of operating them manually both from
inside and outside in the event of power failure. The bidder shall submit with the
tender four sets of technical literature; detailed drawings and illustrated pamphlets
completely describing the system adopted by the manufacturer. Any deviation
from the above specifications shall be clearly mentioned.
10.13 MEASUREMENTS:
Unless given otherwise in BOQ, doors, windows, ventilators and the like shall be
measured by the superficial area. Structural steel work including bolts, nuts,
washers, shims, plates, flats, etc. shall be measured by weight.
Doors including folding/collapsible doors (except the gates like those in

boundary/compound walls, sliding doors and rolling shutters), windows,
ventilators, fixed glazings and grills – area shall be the area of the opening in
masonry/concrete in which they are fixed.
Gates and Sliding Doors – area shall be the area of the leaves (one side only).
Rolling (Roll-up) Shutters shall be measured from the external faces of the
vertical guides (channels) for width and from the floor level to the top of the
cover-box for height.
HAND RAILS:
Pipe-hand rails shall be measured by length.
Wooden hand rail shall be measured and paid under section “Carpentry, Joinery
and Glazing”.
RAILING & BALUSTRADE UNDER HAND RAILS:
i. The balustrade (balusters, anchors, flats under hand rails, etc.) for central
railing of stairs shall be measured by area. Length shall be same as the
length of the hand rail; and the height shall be the height from the top of
the finished floor of landings upto the bottom of the pipe hand rail or upto
the top of the flat under the wood hand rail, as the case may be.
68
ii. Support System for stairs wall side railing, shall be measured by length
which shall be equal to the length of the hand rail supported.
iii. Railing like Verandah/Balcony railings:
Hand rails shall be measured as per ‘HAND RAILS’’ above, Support

System under the hand rails shall be measured as the balustrade in (i)
above.
iv. Pipe Railings: shall be measured by area. Length shall be measured

along the top (horizontal as well as sloping) and the height shall be from
top of the finished floor and/or landing upto the top of the railing.
The rates shall be full compensation for every thing required to be furnished and
done to complete the work item in all respects and fixed/installed in its place,
conforming to these specifications, BOQ, drawings, manufacturers’ printed
catalogues/instructions in case of special items, and conditions of Contract. Since
the rates are for work items complete in all respects, it is further clarified that the
rates shall also include the following:
a) Glass and glazing work per drawings and specifications Section-9.

b) Fixed wire gauze/wire gauze shutters, if shown on drawings.
c) Painting, polishing as per specifications Section –II.
d) Galvanizing, anodizing, lacquering, finishing, etc as may be required
according to nature of work.
e) Hardware including spring hinges, locks, handles, push plates, kick plates,
door closers, eyes, catches, peg stays, sliding bolts, latches, hasps and
staples, hinges, coat hooks, etc. as per hardware schedule given on
drawings.
f) Anchors, hold fasts, lugs, etc.
g) Rollers, top and floor tracks, etc. in case of sliding doors; and side vertical
guides and top casing (box) etc. in case of roll-up shutters.
10.15 STRUCTURAL STEEL WORK:
10.15.1 SCOPE:
These specifications relate to the structural steel-work in all sorts of

works.
69
10.15.2 MATERIALS:
a) Washers: Plain washers shall be made of steel.
b) Dimensions: All structural rolled shapes and the forms, weights,

tolerances, etc. of all rolled shapes and other members used in any
structure shall conform to the BS-4 and other relevant BS except as
otherwise shown on the drawings.
Dimensions, forms, weight and tolerances, etc. of all rivets, bolts,

ruts, etc. shall conform to the requirements of the latest
appropriate BS except as otherwise shown on the drawings.
10.15.3 WORKMANSHIP:
a) Fabrication: All materials, before and after fabrication, shall be

straight and shall be free from twists and loose scale or rust.
The cutting of members’ lengths shall be performed by shearing,

sewing or machine flame cutting. Bend frame cutting may be
permitted subject to the approval of the Client. Sheared or cropped
edges shall be dressed to a neat workmanlike finish and shall be
free from distortion where parts are to be in metal-to-metal contact.
Care shall be taken to ensure that the clearances specified on the
drawings are worked out. Erection clearance for cleated ends of
members connecting steel to steel shall not be greater than 1/16” at
each end. The erection clearance at ends of beams without web
cleats shall not be more than 1/16” greater than the diameter of the
bolts unless otherwise required by the Client.
Holes through more than one thickness of material for members,

where possible, shall be drilled after the members are welded
tightly clamped or bolted together. Punching may be permitted
before assembly provided the holes are punched 1/8” less in
diameter than the required size and reamed after assembly to the
full diameter. The thickness of material punched shall be not
greater than 5/8”.
When holes are drilled in one operation through two or more

separate parts, these parts, when so required by the Client, shall be
separated after drilling.
Holes in connecting angles and plates, other than splices, also in

secondary members and light framing, may be punched full size
70
through material not over ½” thick, except where required for close
tolerance or barrel bolts.
All matching holes for rivets and black bolts shall register with
each other so that a gauge 1/16” less in diameter than the diameter
of hole will pass freely through the assembled members in a
direction at right angles to such members. Finished holes shall be
not more than 1/16” in diameter larger than the diameter of the
rivet or black bolt passing through them, unless otherwise required
by the Consultant.
Holes for close tolerance and barrel bolts shall be drilled to a

diameter equal to the nominal diameter of the shank or barrel
subject to a tolerance of +0.005” to –0”. Preferably, parts to be
connected with close tolerance or barrel bolts shall be firmly held
together by tacking to bolts or clamps and the holes drilled through
all the thickness in one operation and subsequently reamed to size.
All holes not drilled through all thickness in one operation shall be
drilled to a smaller size and practically, the parts shall be drilled
and reamed separately through hard bushed steel jigs.
Holes for rivets or bolts shall not be formed by a gas cutting

process.
The component parts shall be assembled in such a manner that they

are neither twisted nor otherwise damaged, and shall be so
prepared that the specified cambers, if any, are provided.
b) Riveting: Rivets shall be heated uniformly throughout their

length, without burning or excessing, scaling and shall be of
sufficient length to provide a head of standard dimensions. They
shall, when driven completely fill the holes and if countersunk, the
countersinking shall be fully filled by the rivet, any protrusion of
the countersunk head being dressed off flush, if required.
Riveted members shall have all parts firmly drawn and held
together before and during riveting, and special care shall be taken
in this respect for all single riveted connections. For multiple
riveted connections, a service bolt shall be provided in every third
or fourth hole.
Whenever practicable, machine riveting shall be carried out by

using machines of the steady pressure type.
71
All loose, burned or otherwise defective rivets shall be cut out and
replaced before the structure is loaded, and special care shall be
taken to inspect all single-riveted connections.
Special care shall be taken in heating and driving long rivets.
c) Bolting: Where necessary, washers shall be tapered or otherwise

suitably shaped to give the heads and nuts of bolts a satisfactory
bearing.
The threaded portion of each bolt shall project through the nut at-
least one thread.
In all cases where the full bearing area of the bolt is to be

developed, the bolt shall be provided with a washer or sufficient
thickness under the nut to avoid any threaded portion of the bolt
being within the thickness of the parts bolted together.
d) Welding: The welders shall be experienced persons in structural

steel work welding and shall qualify tests prescribed in BS-449.
e) Machining of Butts, Caps and Bases: Stanchion spices and butt

joints of compression members dependent on contact for the
transmission or compressive stresses, shall be accurately prepared
to butt so that the permitted stress in bearing is not exceeded nor
eccentricity of loading created which would induce secondary
bending in the members. Stanchion caps and bases shall be
prepared in a similar manner to the above and where this is
obtained by machining, care shall be taken that any attached
gussets, connecting angles or channels are fixed with such
accuracy that they are not reduced in thickness by more than 1/16”.
f) Slab Bases and Caps: Slab bases and slab caps, except when cut
from material with true surfaces, shall be accurately machined over
the bearing surfaces, and shall be in effective contact with the end
of the stanchion. A bearing face which is to be grouted direct into
a foundation need not be machined if such face is true and parallel
to the upper face.
To facilitate grouting, holes shall be provided where necessary in

stanchion bases for the escape of air.
72
g) Marking: Each piece of steel work shall be distinctly marked

before delivery, in accordance with a marking diagram, and shall
bear such other marks as will facilitate erection.
h) Shop Painting: All surfaces shall be painted with one coat of red
oxide primer unless otherwise required. The surface to be painted
shall be cleaned to remove all loose scale and loose rust. Shop
contact surfaces shall be prime painted unless specified to the
contrary. They shall be brought together while the paint is still
wet.
Surface not in contact, but inaccessible aftershop assembly, shall

receive the full specified protective treatment before assembly.
This does not apply to the interior of scaled hollow sections.
In the case of surfaces to be welded, the steel shall not be painted

or metal coated within a suitable distance of any edges to be
welded if the paint specified for the metal coating would be
harmful to welders or impair the quality of the welds.
Welds & adjacent parent metal shall not be painted prior to de-
slagging, inspection and approval.
i) Erection: The suitability and capacity of all plant and equipment

used for erection shall be to the satisfaction of the Client. All
structural steel at the site shall be stored and handled so that
members are not subject to excessive stresses and damage.
The positioning and leveling of all steel works, the plumbing of

stanchions and the placing of every part of the structure with
accuracy shall be in accordance with the drawings and to the
satisfaction of the Client.
During erection the work shall be securely bolted or otherwise

fastened, and if necessary temporarily braced so as to make
adequate provision for all erection stresses and conditions,
including those due to erection equipment and its operations.
Neither riveting, permanent bolting nor welding shall be done until
proper alignment has been obtained.
j) Painting After Erection: All surfaces to be painted shall be dry

and thoroughly cleaned from all loose scale and rust. All rivets
and bolts heads and site welds after de-slagging shall be cleaned.
Damaged or deteriorated paint surfaces shall first be made good
73
with the same type of paint as shop primer paint. In the galvanized
steel pipe railing all welds shall be ground smooth and painted
with two coats of grey zinc base paint of approved quality. The
site painting shall not be done in rainy weather or when the
humidity is such as to cause condensation on the surfaces to be
painted.
k) Bedding of Steel Work on Concrete: Bedding shall be carried

out with neat cement grout of a consistency to completely fill the
distance between the base plate and the top of concrete surface.
The bedding shall not be carried out until the steel work has been
finally leveled and plumbed.
l) Shop Drawings: The steel work drawings supplied are design

drawings. The Contractor shall prepare detailed shop drawings
giving all the fabrication and erection details. The work shall not
commence before the shop drawings are submitted and approved
by the Consultant in writing.
74
SECTION – 11
PAINTING AND DECORATING
11.1 SCOPE:
The scope of this section of the specifications covers lime-washing, painting,

distempering, polishing, lacquering and treatment to metals, wood, masonry,
concrete, plaster and other surfaces.
11.2 APPLICABLE STANDARDS:
All work under this section shall conform to BS-CP-231 as applicable and the
specifications of this section “Brushes for Painting” shall conform to BS-2092.
11.3 WHITE WASHING:
11.3.1 Lime: shall conform to BS-890 “Building Lime”. It shall be non-hydraulic

high calcium lime stone, (white or fat lime), containing 95% upwards of
calcium oxide. It shall be stored unslaked in dry and weather proof
condition.
11.3.2 Preparation of Surface: The surface shall be clean, smooth and

completely dry before white-wash is applied. The plaster shall not be
trowelled to make a glazed surface.
Holes and irregularities in the surfaces shall be repaired with lime putty
and the surface shall be allowed to dry before white-wash is applied. All
greasy spots shall be given a coat of rice, water and sand. Surfaces
discolored by smoke shall be washed with a mixture of wood ashes and
water or yellow earth before being white-washed.
Cement concrete surface shall be scraped off with a wire brush to remove
greasy patches, if any, and washed with soap-suds. The surface shall be
rinsed with water to remove traces of alkali. A coat of Sodium Silicate
and water in the ratio 1:5 shall be given on the entire concrete surface to
avoid future scaling or flaking off. Half to one part (by weight) of tallow
in small lumps shall be added to 16 parts of quick lime, slaking it with
only just sufficient water to form a thick paste, stirring occasionally and
allowing it to stand till it cools down. The paste shall then be thinned
down to required consistency by adding water, shall be strained and
applied to surface.
75
11.3.3 Preparation of Whitewash:
Whitewash shall be prepared from pure fat lime brought to the site of
work in an unslaked condition and in order to slake the lime, water shall
be added to it in a tub till the mixture attains the consistency of cream, and
is allowed to rest for 24 to 48 hours. It shall then be strained through
coarse cloth and 4 ounces of gum or rice dissolved in hot water shall be
added to each cubic foot of it.
11.3.4 Application:
Whitewash shall be applied with a brush. Each coat shall consist of four
strikes, one in each direction. Each coat of whitewash shall be allowed to
dry and be inspected by the Client or their authorized subordinate. The
next coat shall not be applied unless the previous one has been approved
by either of them. A dry coat must not show any sign of cracking, nor
must whitewash come off readily on fingers when rubbed.
Whitewash, when completed, shall form an opaque coat of uniform white

color, through which the old work does not show and shall present a
smooth regular surface free from powdery matter.
11.3.5 Number of Coats:
Three coats of whitewash shall be sufficient. In case the surface is still not
in an acceptable condition, the Contractor shall provide additional coats at
no extra cost to the Client.
11.3.6 Protection and Cleaning:
All floor, doors, windows and other articles etc., shall be properly
protected from whitewash and cleaned after completion of work.
11.3.7 Measurement:
All the work under this section shall be measured by actual area over
which treatment is applied. Deduction shall be made for the openings of
any size from the two sides, unit of measurement shall be % Sft or m2 as
given in BOQ.
76
11.3.8 Payment and Rates:
The rates shall be full compensation for everything furnished and done to
complete the whitewash in all respects including provision, erection and
removal of scaffolds, ladders, etc, as per drawings, these specifications
and conditions of contract.
11.3.9 Pay Item:
Payment shall be made under the relevant BOQ item for “Whitewash on
new surfaces”.
11.4 COLOUR WASHING:
11.4.1 Lime: It shall comply with provisions of Clause 11.3.1.
11.4.2 Preparation of Surface: Surfaces shall be prepared as specified in

Clause 11.3.2.
11.4.3 Preparation of Colour Wash:
It shall be prepared by adding the approved coloring pigment to the

whitewash prepared as per Clause 11.3.3 which has been strained. The
mixture shall be thoroughly stirred and passed through a clean, fine cloth.
Only such quantity of color wash shall be prepared as can be consumed in
a day.
11.4.4 Application:
The surface shall be given a coat of whitewash prior to color wash. Each
coat of color-wash shall be allowed to dry and shall be inspected by the
Client. The next coat shall not be applied unless the previous one has
been approved by them. The first coat of white wash and the color- wash
coats shall be applied with brush. Each coat shall consist of four strokes,
one in each direction. The completed wash shall be of uniform color, free
from blots, lines or cut shades and shall present a smooth regular surface
which shall neither crack nor come off readily on fingers when rubbed.
Each room shall be finished in one operation and work shall not start in a
room so late that it cannot be finished the same day.
77
One coat of white wash and two coats of color wash shall be sufficient. If
the surface is still not in an acceptable condition, the Contractor shall
apply additional coats of color wash at no extra cost to the Client.
It shall be done as per provisions of Clause 11.3.6.
11.4.7 Measurement:
The method of measurement shall be as specified in Clause 11.3.7.

The provisions of Clause 11.3.8 shall apply here too.
11.4.9 Pay Item:
Payment shall be made under the relevant BOQ item for: “Color-Wash
on new Surfaces”.
11.5 PAINTING WITH WATER PAINTS:

(Water bound/oil bound Distempers/Emulsion).
11.5.1 Materials:
All materials shall of known make/brand and of approved shades.
11.5.2 Storage:
Primers and distempers/emulsions shall be brought to site in sealed

containers bearing the name of the manufacturer and shall be used within
one year of the date of their manufacture.
11.5.3 Time of Application and Weather:
Water paints shall not be applied earlier than 12 months, unless plastered
surfaces are primed per printed instructions of the manufacturers of the
paints. Water paints shall not be applied in damp weather nor when it is
excessively hot and dry.
78
11.5.4 Preparation of Surface:
Surfaces shall be cleaned of all loose, foreign materials, grease, oil and
dust. Efflorescent salts shall be allowed to diffuse to the surface until
white residue stops appearing on the surfaces. All loose powder shall be
removed by sweeping with a brush or using a rubbing stone and sand
paper. All surfaces shall be perfectly smooth, dry and clean. All holes
shall be filled with gypsum which shall be allowed to set hard.
11.5.5 Priming:
The plastered surface shall be given on coat of the quality mineral

turpentine or white spirit and applied as per printed instructions of the
manufacturer, and allowed to dry over night.
11.5.6 Filling:
Any minor interior filling of the surface shall be carried out at this stage.
Putty for filling shall be made by mixing 4 parts of good quality chalk
(and one part of Zinc Oxide powder if recommended by the printer
manufacturer) with the primer till a smooth knifing paste is formed.
Filling shall be allowed to dry over night. No filling shall be done on
exterior surfaces.
11.5.7 Mixing:
Water paints shall be stirred and mixed to a smooth consistency, adding

water and stirring all the time. Quantity of water to be added shall be
recommended by the manufacturer. Entrapment of air and foaming shall
be avoided. The quantity of paints prepared shall be just sufficient for a
day’s work.
11.5.8 Application:
Water paints shall be applied by approved brushes or rollers which shall

be washed in hot water after each day’s work.
Water paints shall be applied quickly and boldly leaving no dry edge. The
brushes shall be dipped in paint and stroked cross-wise on the wall, then
immediately stroked up and down and stopped. The brush shall be loaded
fairly generously and full even coat shall be applied without brushing out
too far. These four strokes shall constitute one coat.
79
Unless otherwise specified or directed, two men shall work on a wall

together, one working from the ceiling downwards as far as he can reach
and the other following him applying the distemper from below. No
patchy overlap shall be allowed.
One coat of priming and two coats of distempering shall be sufficient to

produce the desired finish. Additional costs, if required to have the
desired finish, shall be applied by the Contractor at no extra cost to the
Client.
11.5.10 Colour:
Color shall be of specified/approved shade.
It shall be done as specified in Clause 11.3.6.
11.5.12 Measurement:
Method of measurement shall be as given in Clause 11.3.7.
The provisions of Clause 11.3.8 shall apply here too.
11.5.14 Pay Items:
Unless given otherwise in BOQ, payment shall be made under the

following item as applicable:
“Painting with Distemper/Emulsion of indicated brand and make on

new surfaces”.
11.6 PAINTING WITH CEMENT PAINTS:
11.6.1 Materials:
It shall be weather shield or approved equal cement paints.
80
11.6.2 Storage:
The paint shall be brought to site in sealed containers bearing

manufacturers’ label and stored in dry, air-tight condition.
The surfaces shall be clean, dry and sound. These shall be cleaned of all
loose, foreign matters, and greasy spots. The surfaces shall not be too
smooth and glazy. Cement paints shall not be applied on gypsum plaster,
metal and wood.
11.6.4 Mixing:
The contents in the containers shall be loosened by rolling or shaking

before use. In a clean pail, two volume of paint of required color shall be
added to one volume of water or as specified by the manufacturer and then
stirred to a smooth paste and allowed to stand for 10 minutes. Then add
water in quantity not more than that added in first stage, to produce a full
bodied paint. No more paint shall be mixed than that can be applied
within 30 minutes in hot weather and within one hour otherwise. Use of
excessive water shall be avoided as it gives patchy results. Where paints
of different color may have to be mixed together to obtain the required
shade, mixing shall be done by trowel on a clean board till mixing is
complete.
Where the backing is smooth or dense (including concrete and old cement
paint surfaces), is of dark color or where the work is carried out in an
exposed position, sand shall be added to the paint as under:
One volume of fine clean sand to four volumes of paint shall be

introduced between the first and second stages of mixing. Sand shall be
mixed only as per printed instructions of the paint manufacturer. If the
sand affects the color, the addition shall be restricted to the first coat only.
11.6.5 Weather:
Weather conditions should be favorable. Cement paints shall not be

applied on frozen surfaces or when there is a risk of frost or rain. In hot
weather, these shall be applied out of the sun.
81
11.6.6 Application:
The surface shall be wetted down with clean water before application of
paint. Paint shall be applied by means of brush after the soaking shine is
over. The first coat shall be well scrubbed into the surface and allowed to
harden (minimum 24 hours in warm climates and longer in cold climates)
before the second coat is applied. The brushes shall be washed in clean
water frequently.
11.6.7 Curing:
After the first coat hardens, the surface shall be soaked evenly, four or five
times and the second coat shall be applied after leaving for at least over
night. Subsequent coat shall not be applied unless previous coat has been
cured. In dry and hot climates, it is necessary that each subsequent coat
shall not be applied unless the surface is soaked evenly with water
(preferably with hose pipe).
11.6.8 Number of coats:
Three coats shall be sufficient to produce the desired result, failing which
additional costs shall be applied by the Contractor at no extra cost to the
Client.
11.6.9 Color: It shall be of shade specified or as approved.
11.6.10 Protection and Cleaning: the Provisions of Clause 11.3.6 shall apply.
11.6.11 Measurement: The provision of Clause 11.3.6 shall apply.
11.6.12 Payment and Rates: The Provisions of Clause 11.3.8 shall be applicable.
11.6.13 Pay Item: Payment shall be made under the relevant BOQ item for:
“Painting with weather shield (as indicated on new) surfaces”
11.7 APPLICATION OF PRESERVATIVES TO WOOD WORK:
11.7.1 Scope:
All portions of wood built into or against masonry, concrete and plaster, or
used as sub-frames for railing, paneling, doors etc. and all other wood
82
work which shall remain unpainted, shall be treated with wood

preservative.
11.7.2 Wood Preservatives:
These shall be solignum, creosote, tar, Termidor wood preservative or

approved equal chemical.
11.7.3 Application:
Solignum, creosote, tar shall be heated to just short of boiling. If tar is

specified to be used, it shall be thinned with kerosene oil or common
country spirit in the following manner:
“4 parts tar to 1-part kerosene or 1-gallon tar to ½ pint of country spirit; 2-

lbs unslaked lime shall be mixed with 1-gallon or tar to prevent running.
The mixture shall than be heated to a near boiling point. It shall than be
applied with a stiff flat brush or a spraying machine. The ends of the
timber pieces shall be liberally coated and, where possible, shall be dipped
in the hot solignum of creosote. The second coat shall be applied when
the previous one has dried. “Termidor/Dursbon Wood Preservative” or
other approved chemical shall be used as per printed instructions of the
manufacturers.
11.7.4 Measurement, Payment and Rates:
Supply and application of wood preservatives shall not be measured

separately for direct payment, but the rates and prices under section
“Carpentry, Joinery and Glazing” or any other section for the wood work
items shall be inclusive of supply and application of wood preservatives.
83
11.8 PAINTING WOOD WORK WITH ENAMEL PAINT SYSTEM:
11.8.1 Materials:
All materials shall be of specified or approved equal make, packed in

sealed tins bearing the name of the manufacturer, name of the paint, batch
number and date of manufacture. All paints shall be used within one year
of their manufacture.
Primer shall be “Paint Priming Red and White Lead Brushing” of Paintex
Ltd., or approved equal.
Undercoat: shall be “Dulux Synthetic Enamel” or approved equal.
Enamel Paints shall be “Dulux Synthetic Enamel” or approved equal

when glossy finish is required; or “Dulux Synthetic Camouflage Enamel”
or approved equal where non-glossy finish is required; or “Duwel
Synthetic Enamel” or approved equal where fast drying is required.
11.8.2 Surface Preparation:
Planning and Rubbing: Unless otherwise specified, wood work to be

painted shall be finished smooth with the plane, but free from plane marks
of every kind and rubbed smooth with sand paper, first with 2.5 grade and
then with 1.5 grade or pumice stone.
Knotting: After rubbing, all knots in the wood shall be killed or covered
with:
a) Two coats of patent knotting (shellac dissolved in naphtha).
OR
b) Shellac varnish (5 oz shellac mixed with 1 pint of methylated spirit

of vine, thoroughly dissolved and stirred with ½ oz red lead)
OR
c) A preparation of red lead and glue size in equal weight applied hot.
Knots in Deodar or other resinous wood shall be painted over with
hot lime. This paint shall be scraped off after 24 hours, the knots
primed with red lead and glue laid hot. Then one coat of knotting
varnish shall be applied.
84
Rubbing: After knotting, the surface shall be rubbed again with pumice
stone, or fine sand paper before the priming cost is applied.
11.8.3 Priming:
Before fixing the wood work in position, and on the smooth, moisture free
wood surface:
Two coats of the primer specified in Clause 11.8.1 shall be applied. The
primer shall be thinned with approved quality of mineral spirit, if required.
The primed surface shall be allowed to dry hard for 24 hours before
scuffing and over coating.
11.8.4 Undercoating:
The primed surface shall be scuffed. One coat of the “undercoat”

specified in Clause 11.8.1 shall then be applied and allowed to dry hard
for 24 hours. It shall then be wet flatted with 400 grade paper, the surface
wiped dry and then petrol wiped before over-coating. The undercoat shall
not be left unpainted for long as it is unsuitable for exposure. One coat of
“Enamel Paints” specified in Clause 11.8.1 may be used in lieu of the
specified “Undercoat”.
11.8.5 Stopping or Filling:
All holes, cracks, gapping joints and other defects shall be stopped with an
approved putty. The surface shall then be allowed to dry for 6 to 8 hours.
11.8.6 Finishing:
Two coats of the specified enamel paint shall then be applied, allowing 16
hours between coats. The surface shall be sand papered before applying
each coat. The paint may be thinned to improve brushing quality,
particularly during summer. Upto 10% mineral spirit may be added if
brushes are used; or upto 25% white spirit may be added if paint is applied
by spraying.
85
The requirements of Clause 11.3.6 shall apply.
Two coats of primer, one undercoat and two finish coats, shall be
sufficient to produce the required finish, failing which the Contractor shall
apply additional finish coats to give the desired results at no extra cost to
the Client.
Painting shall not be measured separately for direct payment, and the rates
and prices under section “Carpentry, Joinery and Glazing” or any other
section for the wood work items shall be inclusive of painting as per
Clause 11.8.
Where painting item has been specifically provided in BOQ, the

measurement, rate and pay item shall be as under:
Measurements:
Painting shall be measured by superficial area. The unit of measurement

shall be 100 Sft or m2 (Sq. Metre) as given in BOQ. Moulded work of all
kinds, unless otherwise specified, shall be measured by running the tape
over and into all elevations and depressions. In the case of other classes of
work painted on both sides, the flat area of the surface on one side
including glazing and frame (chowkat) shall be multiplied by the factors
given below to arrive at the correct measurement of both sides for the
purpose of making payment.
i. Panelled or battened doors and windows: 2 times
ii. Glazed or party glazed doors of windows: 2 times
iii. Plate glass windows (large glazed area) 1 time
iv. Wire gauze doors or windows 1 time
v. Trellis work 2 time
86
vi. Grated doors and windows and other grating: 1 time
vii. Palisade fencing: 0.6 time
Note: In the case of chowkat having two rebates, one for wooden door
and the other for wire gauze shutter, the surface area of the frame
(chowkat) shall be included in the measurement of only one door.
11.8.10 Payment and Rates shall be full compensation for every thing furnished
and done to complete painting in all respects as per these specifications,
drawings and conditions of contract, including also providing, erecting
and removal of ladders, scaffoldings, etc.
11.8.11 Pay items: Payment shall be made under the relevant BOQ item for:
“Painting new wood surfaces with Enamel Paint System”.
11.9 WAX POLISHING WOOD SURFACES:
11.9.1 Material:
“Mansion” wax polish or approved equal shall be used. If allowed by

the Client, wax polish shall be prepared by adding two parts boiled lined
oil to two parts bees wax and heating over a slow fire. When dissolved
and still warm, add one part turpentine. The polish shall contain a
minimum of colouring material to keep the polished surface as light as
possible.
New wood work to be polished shall be finished smooth with the plane
making sure that no plane marks are left after finishing.
The surface shall be made perfectly smooth by rubbing it with sand paper
or pumice stone.
It shall then be stopped and rubbed perfectly smooth first with medium
grained sand paper and then with fine sand paper. The final rubbing shall
be done with sand paper which has been slightly moistened with linseed
oil and rubbed for a few seconds.
87
11.9.3 Application:
Wax polish shall be applied with a clean cloth pad and rubbed
continuously for at least half an hour.
When the surface is quite dry, the second coat shall be applied in the same
manner and rubbed continuously for one hour, or till the surface has dried.
The final coat shall then be applied and rubbed for two hours (more if
necessary), till the surface has assumed a uniform gloss and is quite dry,
showing no signs of stickiness when touched. The final polish depends
largely on the amount of rubbing which shall be done continuously with
uniform pressure and with frequent change in direction.
It shall conform to the requirements of Clause 11.3.6.
Provisions of Clause 11.8.9 for painting, shall apply here. Payment for
wax polishing, where a pay item has been specifically given in BOQ, shall
be made as under:
“Wax Polishing new wood surfaces”
11.10 FRENCH POLISHING WOOD SURFACES:
11.10.1 Material:
16 qts. of Linseed oil, 2 qts. Spirit of vine,

1 qts. of vinegar, 1 qt. of turpentine,
1 qt. of copal varnish, 1 pint of muriatic acid.
11.10.2 Preparation of French Polish:
The oil shall be heated and the whole mixed up.
11.10.3 Preparation of Wood Surface:
The surface shall be prepared as specified for varnishing.
88
11.10.4 Filling:
After the surface has been prepared it shall be painted with a filler
composed of 5-lbs of whiting mixed with 1/3 of a gallon of methylated
spirit and then rubbed with sand paper. Alternatively, a piece of rag
moistened with linseed oil shall be rubbed on the surface and then Plaster
of Paris, Red Ochre (sufficient to tint it) and linseed oil shall be mixed
together to form a stiff paste which shall be applied sparingly and rubbed
hard on the surface to fill up the pores of the wood.
11.10.5 Application:
A thin coat of polish shall then be rubbed with sand paper a few hours
later, and then second coat shall be applied. The surfaces shall be rubbed
again and third coat applied. To finish off, the surface shall be rubbed
lightly and quickly with a circular motion by means of a piece of a flannel
rolled into the form of a rubber, covered with a piece of rag slightly damp
with methylated spirit. If the rage sticks, the surface shall be touched with
linseed oil.
It shall conform to the requirement of Clause 11.3.6.
The provisions of Clause 11.8.9 for “Painting” shall apply here. Payment
for French Polishing, where a pay item has specifically been given in
BOQ, shall be as under:
“French Polishing new wood surface”
11.11 VARNISHING WOOD SURFACES:
11.11.1 “ICI Synthetic Clear Varnish” or approved equal shall be used.
New Wood work to be varnished shall be finished smooth with the plane
making sure that no marks are visible on the finished surface. It shall be
rubbed perfectly smooth with sand paper or pumice stone.
Knotting: shall be done as specified under Clause 11.8.2.
89
Stopping: The surface of the wood shall be then stopped, with hot weak
glue size (1-lb of glue making about 1-gallon of size) so as to close up the
holes. The surface when it dries up shall be again thoroughly sand
papered. After rubbing the surfaces another coat of the same glue size
shall be applied cold.
If the wood work is to be stained, the staining colour shall be mixed with
second coat of size which shall be applied regularly, evenly and quickly
keeping the colour on the flow.
If the wood work is of an oily nature, a little “Multani Mitti” and ochre
shall be added to the first coat of size (otherwise varnish would not dry
readily).
The sized wood shall then be rubbed with sand paper leaving the colour
even and rubbing with the grain.
11.11.3 Application:
Varnish shall then be applied in very thin coats with a special fine-haired
varnishing brush and not with an ordinary paint brush. Unless otherwise
specified, the best Copal varnish shall be used. If more than one coat have
been specified the first coat shall be rubbed with fine sand paper. Other
coats shall be applied as directed by the Client.
It shall conform to the requirement of Clause 11.3.6.
The provisions of Clause 11.8.9 for Painting shall apply. Where a pay
item has been given in BOQ, payment shall be made for varnishing as
under:
“Varnishing new wood surfaces”
11.12 PAINTING IRON AND STEEL WORK:
11.12.1 Material:
All materials (cleaners, pre-treatments, Primers, Etch/Wash Primers,

Fillers, Undercoat and Synthetic enamel paints) shall be of ICI Ltd;
90
Paintex Ltd; Johson & Nicholson of Pakistan Ltd; or approved equal

make, and shall be delivered to site of work in original sealed containers
bearing manufacturer’s label, batch number, date of manufacture and
manufacturer’s name. All the materials and processes shall be suitable for
the surface to be painted and for the conditions under which the painted
surface has to perform, and shall be as per printed recommendations and
instructions of the manufacturers as approved by the Client.
11.12.2 Weather:
Painting shall not be done in damp, wet, stormy or extremely hot weather.
Too quick drying in the baking heat of the sun shall be avoided.
11.12.3. Preparation of Surface:
The surface shall be thoroughly cleaned of all rust, scale and foreign
matter by means of steel scrapers, chisels, steel wire brush, sand paper,
sand blasting or any other suitable mechanical means as may be required
by the Client, till the bright shining surface of the iron appears. The
surface shall then be cleaned with dry cotton waste and the primer applied
immediately especially if the weather is damp, to avoid rusting.
If proper mechanical means cannot be employed, cleaners like Deoxidine

125 of Paintex Ltd., or as approved may be used. Dirt, grease, etc. may be
removed by washing with white spirit and wiping with clean rags.
11.12.4 Pretreatment/Phosphating:
Only where specifically indicted, pre-treatments with Lithoform (for

galvanized surfaces), Kephos of Paintex Ltd., or approved equal shall be
applied.
11.12.5 Priming (Shop Coating).
Over cleaned galvanized surfaces, one coat of Dulux Etch/Wash Primer

(or approved equal) and then one coat of “Zinc Chromate Yellow” of
Paintex Ltd., or “Kromik”, “Galvanized Iron Primer” of Johnson
Nicholson of Pakistan Ltd., or approved equal primer shall be applied.
Over cleaned, un-galvanized surfaces, Paintex Synthetic Red Lead Primer,

Dulux Synthetic Red Lead Primer, Dulux Red Lead Primer, Dulux Red
Oxide Zinc Chromate Primer, Zinc Chromate Yellow Primer of Paintex
Ltd., “Kromik” Synthetic Red Lead Primer, or approved equal shall be
applied in one or two coats as recommended by the Manufacturers.
91
11.12.6 Filling:
The shallow metal indentations shall be filled with “Knifing Filler” of

Paintex Ltd., or approved equal, applied in thin layers over primer. Each
layer shall be allowed to dry for one hour and the final layer for 8 hours
before wet flatting with 320 grade paper. The flatted surface of filled
areas and other metal surface exposed during flatting shall be primed
before overcoating with finish.
11.12.7 Finishing:
Two or three coats (as may be necessary for recommendations of the

manufacturers, and required to produce the desired finish) shall be applied
by means of brushes, rollers or conventional spray. Sixteen hours shall be
allowed between coats, and each coat (except the final coat) shall be
lightly sand papered. To improve brushing, particularly during summer,
upto 10% mineral spirit if brushes are used, or upto 10% white spirit if
rollers are used or upto 25% white spirit if conventional spray equipment
are used, may be mixed.
The requirements of Clause 11.3.6 shall apply.
11.12.9 Number of Coats: As specified above.
The provisions of Clause 11.8.9 shall apply. When a pay item for painting
iron and steel surfaces has been given in BOQ, payment shall be made as
under:-
“Painting new iron/galvanized iron/steel surfaces with synthetic enamel

paint system”
11.13 PAINTING WITH SPECIAL PAINTS:
11.13.1 “Kemobel” Chemical Resistant Finish over new Plaster, Concrete,

Masonry, Wood, Steel and Iron Surfaces
Iron and steel shall be blasted clean. When this is not possible, all dirt,
grease and chemical contamination shall be removed, followed by
92
chipping, scraping and wire brushing to remove all loose mill scale and
surface rust.
One coat of “Kemobel Metal Primer” (or approved equal) over cleaned
iron and steel surfaces or one coat of “Kemobel Concrete Primer” (or
approved equal) over cleaned surfaces of concrete, plaster, masonry and
wood shall be applied. The primer shall be allowed to dry for 8-16 hours.
Then two coats of “Kemobel” finish (or approved equal) shall be applied
by brush or spray.
Measurement: shall be net superficial area (actual area painted).
Payment and Rates: shall be full compensation for everything provided

and done to complete the “Kemobel Chemical Resistant Finish” as
specified above, as per drawings and conditions of contract.
Pay Items: Payment shall be made under the relevant BOQ item for:
“Kemobel Chemical Resistant Finish Over the specified new surfaces”.
11.13.2 “Kemobel Chlorinated Rubber Thick Coating” Over Iron, Mild Steel
and Concrete Surfaces:
Surfaces shall be cleaned and one coat of appropriate “Kemobel” Primer

(or approved equal) applied as specified in Clause 11.13.1.
Then one or two coats (as indicated in the pay item) shall be “Kemobel
Chlorinated Rubber Thick Coating” (or approved equal) shall be applied
after allowing the primer to dry for 8-16 hours. Then two coats of
“Kemobel” finish shall be applied by brush or spray.
If galvanized surface is to be coated, the fabricator’s pre-treatments shall

be removed with solvent washing and abrasion followed by Dulux Wash
Primer two pack (or approved equal), before applying the appropriate
“Kemobel” primer (or approved equal).
Measurement, Payment Rates: As provided in Clause 11.13.1 shall

apply.
Pay Items: Payment shall be made under the relevant BOQ item for:
“Kemobel Chlorinated Rubber Thick Coating over new surfaces

indicated in BOQ”. The rate shall be for the complete system,
except that the number of thick coatings shall be one or two as
indicated in BOQ”.
93
11.13.3 Permobel Epoxy Finish Over Concrete, Masonry Plaster, Wood,

Steel, Asbestos Cement Sheet Surfaces:
Structural and heavy steel shall be grit, shot or sand blasted to SA2.5 and
other steel degreased and derusted. Other contaminants shall be removed
with abrasive paper and solvent.
Priming: Over grit, shot or sand blasted surfaces, one coat of “Permobel
Zinc Rick Primer” of Paintex Ltd (or approved equal) shall be applied.
Nine (9) parts by volume of Primer Component “A” shall be mixed with
one part component “B” and the mixture allowed to stand for 10 minutes
before use. The mixture must be used within 36 hours. Over surfaces not
grit, shot or sand blasted, one coat of “Permobel Epoxy Red Oxide Zinc
Chromate Primer” of Paintex Ltd (or approved equal) shall be applied, by
mixing 2 parts component “A” with one part component “B” before use.
Primer shall be applied unthinned over porous surfaces (wood, concrete,

A.C. sheets, plaster, masonry and the like).
Primers shall allowed to cure for 12-18 hours before application of finish.
Finishing: Two (unless indicated three in the pay item) unthinned coats
of “Permobel Epoxy Finish” of ICI Ltd (or approved equal) shall be
applied over the primed surfaces, allowing for overnight drying between
coats. “Permobel Thinner” of Paintex Ltd (or approved equal) shall be
used to thin the primer and finishes and to clean the brushes.
Measurement, Payment and Rates: As provided in Clause 11.13.1.
Pay Items: Payment shall be made under the relevant BOQ items for:
“Permobel Epoxy Finish over new surfaces”.
The type of surface and numbers of finish coats shall be as indicated in

BOQ/drawing.
11.13.4 Epoxy Concrete/Plaster Finish:
The surface shall be ensured to be sound, firmly adhering and free from
dirt, grease, etc. Four parts of base shall be mixed thoroughly with one
part hardener by volume., “Epoxy Thinner” of Paintex Ltd (or approved
equal) shall be used, if required for brushing or spraying. Two coats of
“Epoxy” of Paintex Ltd (or approved equal) shall be applied, allowing 12-
94
16 hours for drying between coats. 5-7 days shall be allowed for full
curing before use, especially in case of floor.
Measurement, Payment and Rates: As provided in Clause 11.13.1.
Pay Items: Payment shall be made under the relevant BOQ items for:
“Epoxy Finish over new Concrete/Plaster surfaces”.
11.13.5 Painting with Coaltar Epoxy, over steel, hard concrete and hard
cement renderings:
a) Painting Steel Surfaces:
Steel surface shall be sand blasted and cleaned of all traces of dust
and grit, then Paintex Coaltar Epoxy (or approved equal) shall be
applied with 4-6 hours of blasting. In cases where whole of the
area (as in case of tanks) cannot be blasted for painting within 4-6
hours, small area be blasted, cleaned and coated with “Permobel
Protective Primer” of Paintex Ltd (or approved equal) and left for
painting. Two coats of Coaltar Epoxy shall then be applied
allowing 12-16 hours (not more than 24 hours in any case)
between the two coats.
b) Painting hard concrete/hard renderings:
The surface shall be dry right through. All loose and friable
material shall be removed by thorough sand papering. All minor
cracks and holes shall be made good with Epoxy Sand Mortar (or
Paintex Ltd or approved equal) which shall be allowed to cure for
12-16 hours before painting. Two coats of Coaltar Epoxy) of
Paintex Ltd (or approved equal) shall then be applied, allowing 12-
16 horus (not more than 24 hours in any case) between two coats.
c) Measurement, Payment and Rates: As provided in Clause

11.13.1.
d) Pay Items: Payment shall be made under the relevant BOQ items
for:
“Painting Steel/Concrete/Cement rendering with Coaltar Epoxy”
95
11.13.6 Painting Wood or Metal Surfaces with Aluminium Paint:
All dirt, rust, oil, greasy spots and grime shall be removed. Metal surfaces
shall be cleaned by wirebrushing and scraping. The surface shall be wiped
clean with a solvent soaked rag. One coat of appropriate Dulux Primer (or
approved equal) shall then be applied.
The two components of Aluminium Paint of Paintex (or approved equal)

shall be mixed thoroughly. Two coats of the paint shall then be applied by
brush or spray, allowing overnight interval between coats.
Measurement, Payment and Rates: As provided in Clause

11.13.1.
Pay Items: Payment shall be made under the relevant BOQ items
for:
“Painting new Wood / Metal surface (as indicated in BOQ) with

Aluminium Paint.”
96
SECTION – W-1
EXCAVATION AND BACKFILLING FOR
WATER SUPLY & SEWERAGE SYSTEMS
(EXTERNAL)
W1.1 SCOPE OF WORK:
The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all
plant, labour, equipment, appliances and materials required, in performing all
operations in connection with excavation, trenching and backfilling for water
lines, sewer lines, drainage structures and appurtenances, in strict accordance with
this section of the specification and the applicable drawings, and subject to the
terms and conditions of the Contract.
W1.2 CLEARING AND GRUBBING:
The site of all excavation shall cleared of all shrubs, plants, bushes, large roots,
rubbish and other surface materials. All such material shall be removed and
disposed of, at no extra cost, in a manner satisfactory to the Client. All trees and
shrubbery that are designated by the Consultant to remain shall be adequately
protected and preserved in an approved manner.
W1.3 EXCAVATION
W1.3.1 General:
All excavation of whatever substance encounted shall be

performed to the depths and widths indicated or as otherwise
specified. During excavation, material suitable for backfilling
shall be stockpiled in an orderly manner at a sufficient distance
from the banks of the excavation to avoid over loading and to
prevent sides from caving. Top soil shall be stockpiled separately
for subsequent reuse as necessary. All excavated material
unsuitable or not required for backfilling shall be removed and
wasted, at no extra cost, for filling depressions or raising ground
level, wherever indicated by the Client. This filling shall be
consolidated and dressed to the complete satisfaction of the Client.
Excavation in the streets shall be done in such a manner that street
passage is not blocked by excavated material. Grading shall be
done as may be necessary to prevent surface water from flowing
97
into trenches or other excavations, and any water accumulated

therein shall be removed by pumping or by other approved
methods at Contractor’s own cost. Unless otherwise indicated or
approved by the Client, excavation shall be open cut.
It is anticipated that all excavation work under this Contract will be

earth excavation. The term “Earth” as used herein shall include all
materials which do not, in the opinion of the Client require
blasting, barring or wedging of material for removal from its
original bed.
For contract purposes hereunder, the earth excavation work has

been classified into two categories; earth excavation in trenches &
earth excavation for structures.
W1.3.2 Earth Excavation in Trenches:
W.1.3.2.1 General:
Unless otherwise directed or permitted by the Client, not

more than 10’ of any trench in advance of the end of the
pipe line already laid shall be opened at any time. Bell
holes and depressions for joints shall be dug after the trench
bottom or bedding material has been graded. The pipe,
except for joints, shall rest on the prepared bottom for its
full length. Bell holes and depressions shall be only of
such length, depth and width as required for properly
making the particular type of joint. Stones shall be
removed to avoid point bearing. Whenever wet or
otherwise unsuitable material that is incapable of properly
supporting the pipes, as determined by the Consultant, is
encountered in the bottom of the trench, such material shall
be removed to the depth required and the trench backfilled
to the proper grade with coarse sand or other suitable
approved granular material. Such replacement of
unsuitable material shall be paid as separate item.
W1.3.2.2. Trenches for Water Pipes and Appurtenances:
Trenches for external water pipes shall normally be of a

depth to provide minimum cover of 30” over the top of the
pipe from the existing ground surface or finished grade,
whichever is lower; except that trenches for water pipes
laid in lanes and alleys of narrow travelled way (average
98
width of 8’ or less between structures) may be of a depth to

provide a minimum cover of 24” over the top of the pipe
measured in the same way. Wherever shown or called for
on the drawings or ordered in writing by the Client, water
pipes shall be laid in deeper trenches than the minimum
depths stated above.
Trench widths for water pipes, for excavation payment

purposes, shall be as designated on the drawings for pipes
of different sizes.
Excavation for appurtenances such as valves, hydrants, etc.

shall be sufficient to leave at least 12”, but not more than
24”, between the outer surface and the embankment or
timber that may be used to hold and protect the banks. Any
over-depth excavation below such appurtenances that has
not been directed by the Client, will be considered
unauthorized and shall be refilled with compacted gravel or
concrete as directed by the Client and at no additional cost
to the Client.
W1.3.2.3 Trenches for Sewer Lines and Appurtenances:
Trenches for sewer lines and appurtenances shall be to the

lines and grades shown on the drawings, or ordered in
writing by the Client, as necessary for the proper
completion of the work. Trench widths shall be as
designated on the drawings for sewer lines of different
sizes and depths, for excavation and payment purposes.
Excavation for manholes shall be treated as trench
excavation.
W1.3.2.4 Excess Excavation:
Where the Contractor has excavated to depths in excess of

the requirements, he shall refill and compact the excess
excavation with suitable material approved by the Client,
upto the correct level, at his (contractor’s) own expense.
Where the Contractor has excavated the trench width in

excess of the designated limits on the drawings, he shall not
be paid for the excess excavation, and shall have to refill
and compact the excess width at his own expense.
99
W1.3.2.5 Wet Excavation:
Excavation made under wet condition other than those due

to subsoil will also fall under the category of excavation.
Excavation above and below subsoil water level would be
paid under separate items.
W1.3.2.6 Dewatering of Subsoil Water:
The dewatering of subsoil water shall be paid as a separate

item.
W1.3.3. Each Excavation for Structures:
All earth excavation under this contract, which is not included under the
classification of “Earth Excavation in Trenches” shall be classified and
paid for as “Earth Excavation for Structures” and shall also include
removal of rubbish, debris and other surface materials or any other form of
accumulation at no extra cost to the Client.
The contractor shall provide adequate timbering or sheeting for excavation

where necessary, as part of the excavation work, to hold up the sides and
ends of all excavations. Should the sides and ends of any excavation give
way, the Contractor shall, at no extra cost to the Client, remove all
disturbed ground. Any excavation carried outside the limits shown on
drawings, and specified herein as the payment limits, shall be treated as
excess excavation and dealt with the manner stated hereinafter.
When foundation level is reached, the Client will inspect the exposed
ground and give directions as to what further excavation, if any, they
consider necessary. The excavation shall be done in such a manner as to
ensure that the work rests on a solid and perfectly clean foundation.
Where excavation is to be covered subsequently by permanent
construction, the Contractor shall, immediately after exposing the
specified satisfactory foundation, proceed with the construction on that
foundation. If the Contractor allows any portion of such foundation to
deteriorate due to exposure, he shall make good the foundations at no
extra cost to the Client and to the satisfaction of the Client.
W1.3.4. Sight Rails and Boning Rods for Sewer:
All sewers shall be constructed and laid with a true grade and in straight
lines between manholes or curves, as shown on the drawings. The sewers
shall be laid by the aid of suitable boning rods and sight rail; the latter
100
shall be fixed according to the requirements of the Client at intervals not

exceeding 50’ (fifty) and also by accurate levelling along the invert line of
the sewer by means of “DUMPY LEVEL” or other levelling instruments.
The sight rails and boning rods shall be provided, fixed and maintained by
the Contractor, who shall also provide and maintain suitable levelling
instruments, and shall set out the positions and levels of the sewers and
other works according to the drawings and any instructions he may receive
in writing from the Client from time to time during the progress of work.
The Contractor shall also provide at his own cost all labour and material
necessary to enable the Client or their staff to check the levels and
dimensions of the work wherever the Client or their staff requires him to
do so. All sight rails and boning rods shall be of well seasoned wood of
ample size and strength. The sight rails and boning rods shall be suitably
and accurately planed and not warped. No defective or damaged sight
rails or boning rods shall be allowed. The sight rails shall be secured to
the posts by heavy wrought steel clamps to the approval of the Client and
in such a manner that they shall be fixed immovably in the correct line and
level.
All boning rods and sight rails shall have the centre line accurately marked
thereon by a thin saw cut and shall be painted black and white to the
requirements of the Client.
All boning rods shall be suitably shod with iron shoes. At least four
separate sight rails shall always be maintained to correct levels and
alignment along the centre line of sewer at every place where construction
work is proceeding, and the alignment and level of the sight rails shall be
checked by level and line at least twice every day to ensure that no
disturbance or interference of the alignment and level has taken place.
Wherever required, the Contractor shall erect and maintain such additional
sight rails as the Client shall direct. The Contractor shall at all times see
that his workmen or other unauthorized persons are not allowed,
accidentally or otherwise, to tamper or interface with sight rails or other
alignment or level marks.
All bends and curves shall be set out mathematically in a manner to be

approved by the Client and the Contractor shall provide and maintain for
this purpose such additional sight rails, posts and other rough timber work,
also lines, steel wire and other articles as the Client shall require from time
to time.
101
W1.3.5 Shoring of Buildings:
As part of the work under the excavation items, the Contractor shall shore
up all buildings, walls and other structures, the stability of which is liable
to be endangered by the execution of the work, and be fully responsible
for all damages to persons or property resulting from any accident to any
such buildings, walls and other structures.
W1.3.6. Sheeting and Bracing:
If ordinary open cut execution is not possible or advisable, sheeting and

bracing shall be furnished and installed in excavations to prevent damage
and delay to the work and to provide working conditions which are safe.
The Contractor shall furnish and place all sheetings, wales, braces, timber
and similar items necessary for the safety of the work, persons, and
adjacent property. Sheeting and bracing shall be removed as the work
progresses and in such a manner as to prevent damage to finished work
and adjacent structures and property. As soon as it is withdrawn, all voids
left by the sheeting and bracing shall be carefully filled with selected
material and compacted. The Contractor shall be fully responsible for the
safety of work in progress, for the finished work, the workmen, the public
and adjacent property. All sheeting and bracing shall be at the
Contractor’s expense as part of the work under the excavation items and at
no extra cost to the Client.
W1.3.7 Maintenance of Excavations:
All excavations made hereunder shall be properly maintained, while they

are open and exposed, both during day and night. Sufficient suitable
barricades, warning lights, signs and similar items shall be provided by the
Contractor. The Contractor shall be responsible for any personal injury or
property damage due to his negligence.
W1.3.8 Dewatering of Excavation:
As part of the work under the excavation items, and at no extra cost to the
Client, the Contractor shall build all drains and do ditching, pumping,
bailing and all other work necessary to keep the excavation clear of
sewerage and extraneous water during the progress of the work and until
the finished work is safe from injury. The contractor shall provide all
necessary pumping equipment for the dewatering work, as well as
operating personnel, POL, power, etc. all at no extra cost to the Client.
All water pumped or drained from the work shall be disposed of in a
manner satisfactory to the Client. Necessary precautions against flooding
102
shall be taken. Dewatering of subsoil water, however, will not form a part
of dewatering of excavation and shall be paid separately.
W1.3.9 Shoring and Sheeting Left in Place:
The Client may order, in writing, any or all shoring and sheet piling to be
left in place for purpose of preventing injury to the structures, other
property or persons, whether such sheeting was shown sheeting shall be
cut off at the elevation ordered, in any case at least 18” below the final
ground surface. The sheeting remaining in place as ordered by the
Consultant shall be driven tight and shall be paid as an item separate from
excavation.
W1.3.10 Protection of Existing Facilities:
The Contractor shall take special care of the existing sub-surface facilities
likely to be encountered during the execution of work which require
special precaution for their protection, such as sewers drain pipes, water
mains, conduits, electric cables, communication cables and the
foundations of adjacent structures. The Contractor shall be responsible for
the damage to any such facility and shall repair the same at his expense
whether or not this facility has been shown on the drawings.
W1.3.11 Disposal of Surplus Excavated Material:
All surplus material excavated by the Contractor shall be disposed of at

locations approved by the Client within the project limits. If the surplus
excavated material is to be hauled outside the project, it shall be paid as a
separate item. None of the surplus material will be allowed to be sold or
permitted to be removed by any agency throughout the period of
construction without a written authorization from the Client. The disposal
of surplus material shall not interfere with other works and shall not
damage or spoil other material. When it is necessary to haul earth material
over streets of pavements, the Contractor shall prevent such material from
falling on the streets or pavements.
W.1.4 BACKFILLING AND COMPACTION:
W1.4.1 General:
After the completion of water lines, sewer lines, drainage facilities,

foundations, walls and other structures below the elevation of the
final grade, all voids shall be backfilled with suitable materials, as
specified hereafter.
103
W1.4.2 Backfilling for Structures:
Backfilling operations for structures shall be performed as part of

the Contractor’s work under the payment items for earth
excavation, and at no extra cost to the Client. Backfill material for
foundations, walls and other structures shall consist of excavated
soil which is free from stones and hard clods larger than 3” in any
dimension, and also free from trash, lumber and other debris.
Backfill material shall have enough moisture for proper
compaction, and shall be compacted in an approved manner to
85% of maximum density for cohesive soil and 90% of maximum
density for cohesionless soil. Backfill shall not be placed against
foundation walls earlier than 4 days after the placing of concrete or
brick masonry work. After the completion of all backfilling and
after the satisfactory compaction has been effected, the Contractor
shall carry out the finished grading of the site to such grades and
elevations as may be shown on the drawings or required for proper
drainage of the site.
W1.4.3 Backfilling for Trenches:
Trenches for water lines, sewers, drain pipes, etc. shall be

backfilled to the ground surface with selected excavated material
or other material that is suitable for proper compaction. Trenches
improperly backfilled shall be reopened to the depth required for
proper compaction, then refilled and compacted to the specified
density.
W1.4.3.1. Normal Backfilling operations in trenches shall be

performed as part of the Contractor’s work under
the payment items for earth excavated and at no
extra cost to the Client; they shall be carried out as
follows:
In the lower portion of the trench the backfill

material, upto a level of at least one foot over the
top of the pipe line, shall be deposited in layers not
more than 6” thick each and compacted with
approved type tampers to the maximum density
specified below. The backfill material in this
portion of trench shall consist of excavated
materials of approved quality, free from stones and
104
hard clods larger than 3” in any dimension, and also

free from trash, lumber and other debris.
The remainder of the Trench: shall be backfilled

with excavated material free from stones and hard
clods larger than 10” in any dimension, and also
free from trash, lumber and other debris, deposited
in layers not more than 6” thick each and
compacted with approved type tampers to the
maximum density specified below.
Required Compaction for normal trench

backfilling, as specified above, shall be 85% of
maximum density.
W1.4.3.2 Special Compaction:
Wherever specifically called for by means of notes

on the contract drawings or by written order of the
Client, the Contractor shall perform “Special
Compaction” of trenches. This will be required
under construction work (floors, drains etc.) and for
trenches along the berms of streets and roads, or
elsewhere within the street or road right-of-ways.
The work under “Special Compaction” shall consist
of the same procedures specified above for normal
trench backfilling, except that extra special care
shall be required in tamping to optimum moisture
content, so that a compaction of atleast 90% of
maximum density is obtained. Tamping for
“Special Compaction” shall preferably be carried
out with mechanical tampers. Special backfilling
shall also be perfomed as part of the excavation
work and at no additional cost to the Client.
W1.4.3.3 Special Sand Backfill:
Wherever specifically called for by means of notes

on the Contract drawings or by written order of the
Client the Contractor shall provide “Special sand
backfill” for trenches, as a separate payment item.
This is expected to be called for only for trenches
which cross paved streets and roads, in cases where
105
it would be desired to complete immediate repairs

to the permanent paved surfaces. The work under
“Special sand backfill” should consist of the same
general procedures specified above for normal
trench backfilling, except that backfill material in
the trench shall be sand, instead of the excavated
trench materials. The bank run sand shall be clean
natural material graded from fine to coarse, free of
lumps, slag, cinders, ashes, rubbish and other
debris; it should not contain more than 10% of
material finer than number 200 mesh screen, with
all material passing 3/8” screen and not more than
5% remaining on a number 4 sieve. Compaction
shall be performed at suitable moisture content, and
shall obtain a compaction of at least 95% of
maximum density.
W1.4.4. Maximum Density Determination:
The maximum density of the soil shall be determined in

accordance with “American Society for Testing & Materials”
(ASTM) Standard D-698-59T Moisture-Density Relations of Soils,
using 5.5 lb Rammer and 12” drop.
W1.4.5 Testing Density of Soil in Place:
The Consultant will make tests using the calibrated sand cone
method to determine the density of soil in place. If soil in place
fails to meet the specified degree of compaction, the areas
represented by the failing tests shall be removed, replaced and
compacted to the specified density in the manner directed by the
Client at no additional cost to the Client. Equipment for testing
shall be provided by the Contractor at no additional cost to the
Client.
W1.4.6 Top Soil:
Top Soil which has been stockpiled during excavation shall be

used for 6” of backfill, in locations as ordered by the Client. Top
soil shall be saturated with water and after it has dried, shall be
spread to the required final grade. The work shall be performed as
part of excavation.
106
W1.5 EARTH BORROW (Earth Fill brought from Outside):
Where satisfactory materials for backfill, making up embankments and filling of

depressions to the required levels are not available in sufficient quantities from
the required excavations, satisfactory materials shall be obtained from sources
approved by the Client as a separate item. No extra payment over and above the
rate for this item shall be payable to the Contractor by reasons of distance of
haulage or transport of the earth or soil, hardness of the surface of the soil and
other factors. The Contractor at his own cost shall arrange with the Clients of the
land, from which earth for filling is to be taken, for permission to take the
required quantity of earth and shall bear all incidental charges whatsoever.
No earth shall be taken from any existing ponds or depressions or any point
contiguous thereto, and all earth borrow shall be free from stones, clods, trash,
lumber, debris, sewage, slush, stumps, roots and others objectionable and
detrimental organic matter.
Earth fill brought from outside shall be sandy clay having approximately the
following constituents: Sand 50 to 70%, clay 30 to 50%, Silt upto 20%.
The rate agreed for earth borrow shall be inclusive of obtaining, loading, haulage,
placing, compacting, dressing to the designed section and requirements of the
project Backfilling and compaction shall be done as per Clause W1.4.
W1.6 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT:
W1.6.1 General:
The rates shall be comprehensive, composite and full

compensation for every thing furnished and done for the work
item, complete in all respects as per these specifications and other
Contract Documents. All excavations shall be unclassified
irrespective of the type and nature of strata encountered. Any or
all of the pay items given herein may be applicable.
Items not included: Any bedding (ballast), encasement of pipes

in concrete and dewatering of subsoil water shall be measured and
paid under other sections.
Units of quantities shall be as given in BOQ.
W1.6.2 Unless given otherwise in BOQ, payment shall be made under the
following items:
107
W1.6.2.1 Earthwork in Trenches:
Measurement of earthwork in trenches will be

carried out by computing the volume of earth
excavation which is authorized for payment, from
the trench and manhole dimensions shown on the
drawings, and field measurements of the lengths
and depths of sewer lines and water lines actually
constructed by the Contractor. Trench excavation
for sewer lines will be measured continuously
through all manholes, and an additional volume will
be allowed for the manholes; the additional volume
for manholes will be computed to vertical planes
one foot (300mm) beyond the outside foundation
lines of the manholes.
Payment shall cover setting and laying out;

clearing and grubbing as per Clause W1.2;
excavation as per Clause W1.3; backfilling and
compaction as per Clause W1.4; and cleaning the
site upon completion of the work.
Payment Item: W101(a) Earthwork in trenches

above subsoil water level – per 1000 Cft/m3 i.e.
cubic metre.
W101(b) Earthwork in trenches below subsoil water

level – per 1000 Cft/m3.
W1.6.2.2. Earthwork for Structures:
Measurement of earthwork for structures will be

carried out by computing the volume of earth
excavation which is authorized for payment, for the
details and dimensions shown on the drawings, or
as described in applicable variation orders. Unless
specifically stated otherwise, the computation of
earth excavation for structures will be to vertical
planes of the structures, and the depth of earth from
the authorized bottom of the excavation to the
existing ground surface.
108
Payment: shall cover setting and laying out;

clearing and grubbing as per Clause W1.2;
excavation per Clause W1.3: backfilling and
compaction as per Clause W1.4 and cleaning the
site upon completion of work.
Pay Item:
W102(a) Earthwork for structures above subsoil

water level – per 1000 Cft/ m3.
W102(b) Earthwork for Structures below subsoil

water level – per 1000 Cft/m3.
W1.6.2.3 Special Sand Backfill in Trenches:
Measurement shall be carried out by computing

the actual volume of special and backfill in place,
from field measurements made before and after
compacting it in the work.
Payment: shall cover work as per specification

Clause W1.4.3.2.
Pay item: W103 Special sand backfill in trenches –

per 1000 Cft/m3.
W1.6.2.4 Earth Work:
Measurement will be carried out by computing the

actual volume as per item W1.3.
Payment: shall cover work as per Clause W1.5.
Pay Item: W104 Earth work as per 100 Cft/m3.
W1.6.2.5 Shorting and Sheeting left in Place:
Measurement: will be made in the field of the

actual board measure of shoring and sheeting
ordered to be left in place.
Payment: shall cover work as per Clause W1.3.9.
109
Pay Item: W105 Shoring and sheeting left in place

– per 1000 board feet (1000 Sft of board one inch
thick) OR Board metre (one sq. m of board 25.4
mm thick).
W1.6.2.6 Extra Hauling of Surplus Material:
This item shall be applicable only to the excavated

surplus material hauled beyond the project limits,
for disposal. The cost for disposal of excavated
surplus material within the project limits is included
in the rates for excavation items.
Quantity for payment shall be the balance quantity

of excavation arrived at by deducting the quantity of
compacted backfill in the work and fill within the
project limit from the total quantity of excavation
done under items W1.1 and W1.2 above.
Pay Item: W106 Extra hauling of excavated

surplus material beyond the project limits – per
1000 Cft or m3.
110
SECTION - W – 2
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY PLUMBING

SYSTEMS, FIXTURES & SEWERAGE
W2.1 CONFORMITY TO STANDARDS:
The materials used and workmanship shall be highest quality and grade and
unless otherwise specified shall conform to the relevant British Standards and
Code of Practice CP-301 (1965) “Water Supply, CP-304 (1968) “Sanitary
Pipework above Ground”, CP-405 (1952) “Sanitary Appliance, CP-301 (1950)
“Building Drainage”, and CP-303 (1952) “Surface Water and Subsoil Drainage”,
and the relevant ASTM Specifications for details and work indicated on the
drawings or Bill of quantities and as directed by the Client.
W2.2 MATERIALS:
Cement: shall be grey portland cement conforming to BS-12 (1958) “Portland

Cement, Ordinary and Rapid Hardening”.
Fine and Coarse Aggregate shall be sand, gravel or crushed stone conforming to
BS-882 (1954) “Concrete Aggregates from Natural Sources’.
Water shall be clear, fresh, free from impurities, excessive salt content and
deleterious matter.
Reinforced Concrete pipes and collars etc. upto 9” dia shall conform to BS-556
“A” class, above 9” dia to ASTM designation C-76, Class II, Wall “B”, unless
otherwise indicated. These shall be cast spun and shall have reinforcing steel and
core thickness in strict conformity with the above mentioned specifications. The
inside surface shall be perfectly smooth and liquid resisting and completely
hardened before use. It will be at the option of the Contractor to use spigot and
socket or tongue and groove joint pipes.
Cast Iron Pipes and fittings shall conform to BS-416 (1967) “Cast Iron Spigot
and Socket Soil, Waste and Ventilating Pipes and Fittings for use above ground”
and shall be of following grades, weights and metal thickness:
Diameter Length Nominal Thickness Nominal Weight

(Tolerance ± ½”) (Tolerance – 1/32”) (Tolerance 10%)
2” 6’-0” 3/16” 25 lbs.
3” 6’-0” 3/16” 37 lbs.
111
4” 6’-0” 3/16” 48 lbs.

6” 6’-0” 3/16” 73 lbs.
Nominal thickness tolerance in socket = ¼”
Pipe and fittings for use underground shall conform to BS-437 “Cast Iron Spigot
and Socket Drain Pipes”.
Pipes and Fittings shall conform to BS-416 and to BS-1130 for metal thickness
and dimensions.
The pipes and fittings shall be coated with bitumen from inside and outside, and
coating, shall be hard enough not to flow at a temperature of 145 deg. F.
Jointing and Packing Materials: Lead shall be sound, free from inclusions and
shall be of the best quality available in the market. The packing material shall be
of pure jute, hemp or hempen yarn. The mortar used for caulking joints shall be
1:2 cement sand mortar with minimum water added to just wet all particles of the
cement and sand dry mix.
Galvanized Iron Pipes, and Fittings: shall be of the best approved quality,
locally manufactured, and shall conform to BS-1387 (1967) “Steel Tubes and
Tubulars (medium)” and to other relevant British Standards as applicable,
galvanized in conformity with BS-729 Part-I “Hot-dip galvanized coatings”.
All G.I. pipes shall conform to British Standard Specifications and shall have
threads suitable to be jointed with G.I. pipes.
G.I. specials shall be China / Japan made or equal approved.
Before being buried in trenches, all G.I. pipes and fittings shall be coated with
Walis Dove’s Bitumastic solution. The solution shall be applied after heating the
same to appropriate temperature and by dipping the G.I. pipes and fittings into the
solution whilst it is in a molten state. The dipping shall be done 3 times, each
time the pipe or fitting shall be allowed to cool to room temperature before it is
dipped into solution. The ends of pipes/fittings shall be plugged before dipping
into solution.
A.C. Pipes: AC pressure pipes where required shall conform to Pakistan

Standard Specifications No. PS-428/1964 which is equivalent to I.S.O.
Recommendations No. R-160 fo 1963. All specials to be used in these pipes shall
in turn conform to I.S.O. Recommendations No. R-3 of 1955 (E).
112
Valves: Sluice valves shall conform to BS-1218 “Sluice Valves for Water Works
Purposes”.
Gate valves shall conform to BS-3464 “Cast Iron Gate Valves for general
purposes” and to BS-1952 “Copper alloy gate valves for general purposes” as
applicable.
Fire Hydrants: shall conform to BS-750 and shall be of screwdown streamline
Pattern. Body shall be best quality close grained grey cast iron with spindle of
Manganese-Bronze having tensile strength of not less than 28 tons per Sq.in,
machined from solid rolled bars. The seats of valves and other gun metal parts
shall be of best quality gun-metal of Brinell Hardness No. 80. The direction of
closing shall be by clock-wise rotation and outlet shall have screwed joint for
accommodating 2.5” dia hose connection. Inlet flanges of hydrants shall be
suitable, for jointing with flanges of hydrant bends and Tees. All fire hydrants
shall be coated with high quality Bitumastic paint to give a uniform protective
coating on Cast Iron.
Surface Boxes for Sluice Valves & Fire Hydrants shall conform to British
Standard Specifications and these shall be of the sizes specified in the following:
Surface Clear Outside Top Bottom Inside Depth

Boxes for Opening (inch) Flange Bottom (inch)
(inch) (inch) (inch)
Sluice 3-3/8 6.1/2x6 13” dia 9 12
Valves Upto
6” dia.
Fire Hydrant 15” x 9” 10.1/4x 19.1/2x 15.1/2x 4.1/2
for Roads. 10.1/4 9.1/2 9.1/2
They shall be made of close grained best quality grey castiron. All surface boxes
shall be provided with hinged flaps and locking arrangement. Duplicate keys of
locks shall be supplied with each Box before being sent out of factory.
Cast Iron Trap, Manhole Frame and Cover, Gully Traps, Gratings and
Flushing Cisterns shall be cast from a mixture of cast iron scrap and suitable
grade of Pig Iron, and resultant metal shall be of strong grey structure, free from
chips, air bubbles and sand holes & shall be smooth and even both inside and
outside.
Cement Concrete Gully Traps shall be of best and approved quality and the
water seal shall not be less than 2.1/2” deep.
Sanitary Wares and Appliances shall be as specified in the Bills of Quantities

and no substitute shall be acceptable except by special permission from the Client.
113
Ceramic Lavatory Basins shall conform to BS-1188 and shall be of design, type,
make and colour as specified. W.Cs shall conform to BS-1213 “Ceramic
Washdown W.C. pans” or as specified, type, make and colour as aproved.
Manhole Step Iron shall be of solid round section with their tails flattened.
Hangers, Supports and Anchors for fixing pipes to wall and ceilings shall be of
approved design consistent with good engineering practice and shall be mild steel
painted with bitumastic enamel paint, or the paint of the same quality as for the
pipes supported by these hanger supports or anchors or any approved rust proof
paint.
Pipe Sleeves for passage of pipes through masonry, RCC walls or floor slabs shall
be of asbestos cement or 16-gauge black steel. Diameter of pipe sleeve shall be
1” larger than the outside dia of the pipe for which it is used.
W2.3 SAMPLES AND ADJUSTMENTS FOR SITE CONDITIONS:
All materials, fittings, fixtures etc. shall be approved by the Client. No substitute
shall be accepted in place of the specific types or brands provided for in the Bill
of Quantities unless approved.
The Contractor shall carefully investigate the structural and finish conditions
affecting all his work and shall arrange his work accordingly, furnishing such
fittings and accessories as may be required, to meet site conditions with the
approval of the Client.
W2.4 LAYING OF RCC PIPE LINES:
Pipes and accessories shall be carefully examined before being laid and defective
of damaged pipes shall not be used. The pipes shall be brushed clean inside and
outside to remove any soil or foreign matter that may have accumulated on inside
of the sockets and outside of spigots, before being lowered into the trench, and
shall be kept clean during laying operation by plugging or other approved method.
The bottom of the trench shall be shaped to give substantially uniform
circumferential support to the lower fourth of each pipe. Pipe laying shall
proceed upgrade with the spigot ends of the bell and spigot pipe pointing in the
direction of flow. Each pipe shall be laid true to line and grade and in such
manner as to form close concentric joint with the adjoining pipe.
If the width of the trench at the pipe exceeds the necessary, due to any reason
other than under direction from Client, the Contractor shall install at no additional
cost to the Client, such concrete cradling, pipe encasement or other bedding as
may be required to satisfactorily support the added load of the backfill. Trenches
114
shall be kept free from water until the pipe jointing material has set, and pipe shall
not be laid when the condition of the trench or the weather condition is unsuitable
for such work. At times when work is not in progress, open ends of pipe and
fittings shall be securely and satisfactorily closed so that no trench water, earth or
other substance will enter the pipe and fittings.
As the work progresses, the interior of the sewer shall be cleaned of all dirt and
superfluous materials of every description. Where cleaning after laying is
difficult because of small pipe size, a suitable swab or drag shall be kept in the
pipe and pulled forward past each joint immediately after the jointing has been
completed.
Where sewers cross above water line, the sewer pipe for a distance of 10’ each
side of the crossing shall be of cast iron steel or other approved pressure pipe and
with no joint closer than 3’ to the crossing or shall be fully encased in concrete of
min. 6” thickness.
The jointing of pipes with collars shall be done first with spun yarn rope (dipped
in hot Asphalt composition) fitting in between the ends of pipes and pressed
together. The dia of rope shall not exceed ¾” or as directed by the Client. The
collar shall then be brought in the middle of the joint. Wooden wedges shall be
placed at two or three places around the pipe so that the collar may have uniform
gap all round the pipe for pressing pipes together. At a time five or six pipes shall
be jointed together. After putting bitumen soaked hemp rope, suitable jacks and
wedges or any other approved method shall be used. The inside of the collar and
outside portion of the pipe shall be cleaned with brush, cement sand mortar of 1:2
ratio applied and then the pipes inserted from both ends of the collar. The mortar
containing as little quantity of water as possible shall be carefully inserted by
hand into the joints and tightly pressed with caulking tool. The mortar shall be
finished off on the outside at an angle of 45 deg. The wooden wedges shall be
carefully removed and mortar filled in the cavity before finishing. The joints shall
be protected from weather and maintained wet for at least ten days and shall not
be covered with backfill until the joints have been tested and approved.
For jointing of pipes with spigot and socket joints, the first pipe shall be bedded
with the socket end upstream. The interior surface of the socket shall be carefully
cleaned with a wet brush and its lower portion filled with mortar to such a depth
as to bring together the inner surfaces of the abutting pipes flush and even. All
further joints shall be made in this manner. The remaining of the socket joints
shall be filled in with mortar and well pressed with the help of caulking tool. The
mortar shall be finished smooth on the outside at an angle of 45 deg. The joints
shall be protected and cured as for collar joints.
115
W2.5 SOIL, WASTE, VENT & ANTI-SYPHONIC PIPES AND PLUMBING

INSTALLATION:
Examination and preparation of pipes shall be as specified for RCC pipes.
The pipes shall run exposed or embedded in walls and floors as specified or
shown on drawings. Where embedding in walls or floors is required, the
necessary instructions and route of pipe work shall be approved by the Client.
Pipes running exposed on walls and ceiling shall be properly clamped with
hangers, supports and clamps. For passage of pipes through masonry wall and
RCC beams and slab and walls, pipe sleeves shall be embedded and properly
caulked and water proofed.
Horizontal soil and waste pipes unless otherwise specified shall be given a grade
of ¼” per ft. and 1/8” per ft. respectively.
All main vertical soil stacks shall extend full size to above the roof line, except
where otherwise indicated. The part of the soil stack carried up as vent pipe shall
not have any bend or angle except when unavoidable, in which case the angle
shall be as obtuse as possible. The vent stack shall joint the soil stack at a point
not less than 3’ above the highest connection to the soil stack. Horizontal waste
lines receiving the discharge from two or more fixtures on the first floor shall be
provided with end vents, unless separate venting of fixtures is called for. Changes
in pipe size of soil, waste and drain lines shall be made with reducing fittings or
recessed reducers. All changes in direction shall be made by the appropriate use
of 45 deg. Tees, long or short sweep 1/4 to 1/16 bends, etc. or equivalent fittings
as approved. Single and double sanitary tees and quarter bends may be used in
drainage lines only where the direction of flow is from horizontal to vertical.
Short sweep not less than 3” in dia may be used where the change in direction of
flow is either in plan or from vertical to horizontal and may be used for making
necessary offsets between the ceiling and the next floor above. The use of short
sweep bends or fittings, where deemed necessary because of installation
conditions, shall be subject to the approval of the Client.
The Contractor shall provide offsets in the piping where required or directed by
the Client to avoid interference with other work, or to increase the head-room
under piping or to improve the appearance of the pipe work. Piping shall be
installed in such a manner that will permit freedom of movement during
expansion & contraction without causing the pipes to be wrapped and adequately
insulated against noise transmission through pipe-work in habitable rooms. All
piping shall be installed in such a manner as to prevent delay or interference with
the work of others working in the same area. All openings in pipes shall be kept
closed during construction work with plugs. Slip joints shall be permitted only in
trap seals or on the inlet side of the traps. Tucker or hub drainage fittings shall be
116
used for matting union connections wherever practicable. The use of long screws
and bushings is prohibited.
Clean Outs shall be of the same size as the pipe except the cleanout lugs larger
than 4” will not be required. Cleanouts installed in connection with cast iron
spigot and socket pipe shall consist of a long sweep ¼ bend or one or two 1/8
bends extended to an easily accessible place, or where indicated on the drawings.
An extra-heavy cast-brass ferrule with counter-sunk trap screw cover shall be
caulked into the hub of the fitting and shall be flush with the floor. Where
cleanouts in connection with threaded pipe are indicated and are accessible they
shall be cast iron drainage T-pattern 90 deg. Branch fittings with extra-heavy
brass screws plugs of the same size as the pipe upto and including 4”. Test tees
with cast iron cleanout plugs shall be installed at the foot of all soil, waste and
drain stacks and on each building drain outside the building. In addition,
cleanouts shall be provided at all changes of direction in excess of 45 deg. And at
distance not exceeding 50’ in horizontal drain line 4” and smaller size, and not
exceeding 100’ in drain lines larger than 4”. Underground cleanouts shall be
extended to an accessible location, to the surface of the floor above or to grade,
subject to approval of the Client. Panels and plates for access to cleanouts shall
be provided.
Each Fixture and piece of equipment, including floor drain, required connections
to the drainage system shall be equipped with a trap. Traps are to be supplied
with the fixtures as possible, and no fixture shall be double trapped. Except as
otherwise indicated, traps installed on bell and spigot pipe shall be of cast iron.
Traps installed on threaded pipe shall be recess drainage pattern.
Floor Traps with gratings shall be made of high grade, strong, tough and even
grained metals. Castings shall be free from blowholes, porosity, hard sports,
excessive shrinkage, cracks or other defects, shall be smooth and well cleaned
both inside and outside. Castings shall not be repaired, plugged, brazed or
burned. The wall thickness of iron casting shall be not less than ¼”.
Joints for Cast Iron soil, waste and vent pipes shall be made with lead, jute,
hemp or hempen spun yarn. The material shall be well packed into the annular
space so as to prevent the entrance of lead into the pipe. Run lead joints shall be
applied to perfectly dry pipes. Under wet condition lead fibre joints shall be made
both with quantities and depth of jointing materials and by method as per BS:CP-
301 (1950). The remainder of the space shall be filled with molten lead that is hot
enough to show a rapid change in colour when stirred. The lead shall be caulked
to form a tight joint without over straining the bell.
117
W2.6 MANHOLES, GULLY-TRAPS, SEPTIC TANKS AND SOAKAGE PITS:
Manholes shall be located at every change of grade and direction and at suitable
intervals and of sizes as shown on drawings. The top of manhole shall be about
3” above the surrounding ground and it shall be sloped all-round from C.I. frame
to avoid any obstacle to the pedestrians unless for a pavement the top is required
to be flush with the pavement level. Frame and cover shall be painted with
bitumastic paint. Brick masonry chamber shall be constructed around the Gully
Trap and shall have C.I. grating, frame and cover. The chamber shall be finished
smooth from inside and outside and the C.I. grating, frame & cover shall be
painted with bitumastic paint.
The disposal work shall comprise an out-fall to the public sewer. In the absence
of such an arrangement it shall be connected with a septic tank. The septic tank
shall be water tight structure of the capacity, shape and size as specified in the
BOQ or shown on drawings. Mica flap ventilation cowl and C.I. pipe shaft shall
be provided on the intercepting Manhole. The treated fluid from the septic tank
shall be led into a soakage pit. The soakage pit shall be a well sunk to a depth of
about 2’ to 3’ below the natural water table or as directed by the Client. The pit
shall be filled with stones or brick bats and suitably sealed on ground level with
RCC slab, as approved by the Client.
W2.7 G.I. PIPES FOR WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM:
The pipes shall run exposed or embedded in walls and floors as specified or
shown on drawings. Where embedding walls or floor is required, the necessary
instructions and route of pipe work shall be approved by the Client. Pipes
running exposed on walls and ceiling shall be properly clamped with Hangers,
Supports & Clamps. For passage of pipes through masonry wall & RCC
structures, asbestos cement pipe sleeves shall be embedded, properly caulked and
water proofed. Pipes laid underground shall be provided with protective coat as
specified.
All screwed joints both internal and external shall be carefully examined. The
threads of the joints shall be perfect for the full depth of the joint. In case there is
any flaw in the threads, the thread shall be corrected using dies of proper size.
The screwed ends of pipes or specials to be joined shall be slightly tapered. The
jointing work shall be so arranged that the two ends of the pipes or specials
jointed shall be at equal distance from the middle of the socket and shall have a
space of not more than ¼” between them. Country cotton yarn smeared with
genuine white lead shall be wound in the grooves of the outside threads of the
pipes from end of the joint. The strand of cotton yarn shall project outside ends of
the joint or inside the pipe. White lead paste shall be thin & made up by boiling
genuine and moist white lead in linseed oil.
118
Screwed flanged joints shall be employed on galvanized iron pipelines for

jointing special fittings and cast iron pipes. The jointing of socketed and
spigotted pipe with G.I. pipes shall be done with the help of these joints by
employing flanged spigot or flanged sockets. The flange of the fitting shall be
bolted on to the flange of the galvanized iron pipe. The flange on the G.I. pipe
lines shall not be allowed to be buried in earth but shall be enclosed in a small
brick chamber in 1:3 cement sand mortar, the length and height of which shall be
clear of any dimensions by 3” and suitably covered up. Each flanged joint shall be
provided with a 1/8” thick rubber gasket in-between the flanges and M.S. Bolts
and nuts screwed on evenly tight. Welded flanged joints shall be made at the site
of work by welding mild steel flanged on the ends of the pipes and making ends
even by machining. For the purpose of welding, a mobile welding plant shall be
provided at site by the Contractor.
Union couplings of approved quality and make shall be provided on the pipelines
in numbers desired by the Client, for easy maintenance of all parts of work.
Specials and fittings such as tees, bends, reduces, etc. shall conform to B.S.
specifications and shall be suitable for the class of pipe. All changes in directions
in the pipe line shall be effected by means of bends of large radii and the use of
elbows shall be restricted only where there is no room for bends, but square
elbows shall not be permissible for effecting changes of direction unless
otherwise approved by the Client.
Pipelines attached to walls and ceilings shall be supported by galvanized iron

holder bats or clamps of approved quality which shall be properly secured into the
walls or ceiling to withstand forces of operation, expansion and contraction.
Spacing of holder bats or clamps shall not exceed 8’ or as directed by the Client.
Pipelines attached to walls or ceilings shall be laid with sufficient clearance in
order to facilitate painting, cleaning or for the provision of lagging material if so
required.
W2.8 FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM:
The Contractor shall provide and install on the site of works Fire Fighting Mains
with Fire-hydrants according to Bs: CP-402-101 (1952) using specified materials,
and Dry-riser System within the building including dry-riser pipes, inlets, outlets
valves and hangers, anchors, concrete anchor blocks etc. as per samples
previously submitted and approved by the Client and in accordance with
requirements of BOQ, as shown on the drawings and conforming to best
engineering practices.
119
The pipework shall conform to all relevant clauses of this section. The Contractor
shall provided and install pipe hangers, anchors, and supports required for proper
supports, shall be rigid enough to prevent undue strains on equipment served.
Hangers, except for the springs, shall be designed as to yield a Safety factor of
five based on the ultimate tensile strength of material.
They shall be located so as not to interfere with the free expansion and contraction
of piping between anchors or guides. The following table gives the maximum
spacing for Hangers and supports for various pipe diameters:
Normal Pipe Maximum Span Normal Pipe Size Maximum Span

Size (Inch) (Feet) (inches) (Feet)
1 7 3 12
1.5 9 4 14
2 10 6 17
2.5 11 6 19
Anchors shall be welded steel plated type with wrought steel straps unless
otherwise approved by the Client. All anchors shall be designed for rigid
fastening to the structure either directly or through brackets. Anchors or guides
shall be capable of with-standing the forces imposed by expansion and
contraction and during operation. Pipe sleeves shall be furnished & set in position
at proper and permanent location for all piping passing through masonry walls,
floors, partitions etc. Sleeves in walls and partitions shall be furnished & set in
position at proper and permanent location for all ping passing through masonry
walls, floors, partitions etc. Sleeves in walls and partitions shall be flush with
finished surface. Sleeves in floors for exposed risers shall end 1.5” above
finished surface of floor and flush with ceiling below. Space between Sleeves and
Pipe shall be caulked with cement mortar and non-extruding bitumastic filler for
water tightness shall be connected to FIRE BRIGADE type inlets with drip cock
installed on the wall near entrance to lower most floors approximately 3’ above
floor level. It shall be housed in Cast Iron Box with locking arrangement and
with a wire glass front marked “fire dry riser inlet’. Outlets of specified size or
landing valves shall be provided approximately 3’ above floor level on each floor
at locations shown on the drawings. These shall be housed in cast iron boxes with
locking arrangement and with wired glass front marked “FIRE DRY RISER
OUTLET”. Inlets and outlets shall be on standard manufacture to be approved by
the Client & shall be suitable for fire mains installed on the works. The body of
inlets & outlets shall be of gun metal and the spindles and wheels shall be of
bronze. Each dry riser shall have air relief valve fitted at the top. Metal indicator
plates showing the position of indoor “Inlets” and “Outlets” of dry risers shall be
fixed outside the buildings and position of such indication plates shall be
approved by the Client. These plates shall comply with BS-750.
120
W2.9 TESTING OF PIPE LINES:
No work shall be covered over or surrounded with concrete until it has been tested
by the Contractor and inspected and approved by the Client.
a) Drainage Pipes:
The test shall be applied before the pipes are launched with concrete or
covered and repeated after back filling the trench. Water test shall be
carried out in drainage lines of RCC or cast iron. Pipe should be subject to
a test pressure of at least 5’ head of water at the highest point of the
section under test. The test should be carried out by suitably plugging the
lower end of the drain and the ends of connections, if any, and filling the
system with water. A knuckle bend should be temporarily jointed in at the
top end and a sufficient length of vertical pipe jointed to it so as to provide
the required test head which shall be maintained for 30 minutes without
showing a drop of more than 3 inches.
In RCC pipe lines water should be added until absorption by pipes and
joints has ceased. A slight amount of sweating which is uniform may be
overlooked but excessive sweating in a particular part of joint shall be
taken as a defect.
Any leakage visible shall indicate defective work which shall be cut out
and made good by replacement by the Contractor at his cost and retested
for acceptance.
Air test may be employed if allowed by the Client where an adequate

supply of water is not available. The length should be suitably plugged
and air pumped until a pressure of 4” of water is indicated in a glass U-
tube connected to the system. Without further pumping the pressure
should not fall below 3” during a period of 5 minutes.
Testing by means of smoke shall not be regarded as adequate. After

testing the pipelines as specified, the interior of pipelines as specified, the
interior of pipelines shall be inspected to ascertain that the pipes are
entirely clear of obstruction and that the invert is smooth. For pipes less
than 3” in diameter, 3 loose plug shall be passed through each pipeline to
ensure that the pipes are entirely clear of obstruction and that the invert is
smooth. The loose plug shall be passed through each pipeline to ensure
that the pipes are entirely clear of obstruction and that the invert is smooth.
The loose plug shall be in the form of cylinder with solid ends made of
121
timber not less than 1” in thickness, or by any other method as approved

by the Client.
b) Water Pipes:
After laying, jointing and anchoring, the main should be slowly and
carefully charged with water, so that all air is expelled, then allowed to
stand full for several days before testing under pressure is not exceeded.
Pressure gauges should preferably be recalibrated before the test.
The test may be the maximum working pressure at the point of reading
plus 50%. The test pressure should be maintained by the pump for about
one hour and if there is any leakage it should be measured by the quantity
of water pumped into the main in that time. A general leakage of one
gallon per inch of diameter per mile per 24 hours per 100 ft. head may be
considered reasonable, but any visible individual leak should be repaired.
Any defective pipe-length, joints fittings, and valves and any defective
material shall be replaced or defective work rectified by the Contractor
and retested for acceptance, all at Contractor’s cost.
W2.10 SPECIAL PIPES AND FITTINGS:
PVC Pipes:
PVC pipes shall be best quality manufactured by Pakistan PVC Ltd or approved
equivalent conforming to BSS-3506-1969. The fittings such as flanges, sockets,
tees and bends shall conform to BS-4346-1969. The pipes and fittings shall be
capable of withstanding a pressure of 400’ head of water. The joining shall be
done by PVC solvent cement 70.
PVC Valves:
Sluice valves for PVC pipes shall conform to relevant British Specifications and
the jointing will be done as for PVC pipes.
Copper Pipes:
Copper pipes and fittings shall conform to BS-2871 Part-I (1971). They shall be
suitable to be jointed from outside with couplings manufactured to the same
specifications as those for pipes. The pipes and fittings shall be capable of
withstanding a pressure of 400’ head of water. The jointing will be done
manipulative, i.e. the pipe ends have to be opened out with special tools, the pipe
ends shall be cupped by means of a drift; the fittings comprising a brass nipple
122
with shaped ends and a central spanner grip. The cupped ends of tubes shall be
fitted to the shaped ends of the nipple and recessed fly nuts are tightened thereby
making a water tight metal or metal joint.
Stainless Steel and Cast Steel Pipes: Stainless steel and cast steel pipes and
fittings shall be of best quality and conform to relevant British Specifications.
The pipes and fittings shall be capable of withstanding pressure 400’ head of
water. The jointing shall be done by sleeve welded joints.
W2.11 MEASUREMENT:
Pipes shall be measured in running feet or meters (as given in BOQ) of the
finished length without adding lengths consumed in joints and without deducting
lengths of specials, fittings, valves and the like installed in the line.
Specials/fittings used in G.I., PVC, Copper, and lead pipe lines shall not be
measured for separate payment.
Special/fittings of M.S., Cast steel and C.I. shall be measured by number or by

weight.
Bedding material (other than the excavated material) shall be measured by

volume.
Floor traps, valves, chambers, manholes, fixtures and similar items shall be
measured by number.
W2.12 RATES:
Rates shall be full compensation for everything required to be furnished and done
to complete the work (pay) items as per specifications in all respects.
Inter-alia as specified and required, the rates shall cover all costs for :-
Handling, laying, jointing, installation, fixing, painting, testing and dis-

infecting. Protective coatings and wrappings specially required for
metallic lines buried in earth specified. Building in walls, floors and
structures. Cutting holes through walls, floors or other structure and
making good and finishing the same. Cutting chases in walls etc. and
making good and finishing the same.
Fixing arrangements such as hanging systems, clamps, holder bats, nuts, bolts,
screws, sleeves etc. and all jointing materials. Concrete bedding and backing
blocks shall be paid under section “Concreting”. Rates for other bedding
123
materials like sand, stone or brick ballast shall also cover shaping them for pipe
circumference and compacting etc.
The contractor shall provide and fix the equipment/ materials of superior quality
as indicated below or approved equivalent as per approval of the Engineer.
SR. MANUFACTURERS/ BRANDS/

EQUIPMENT/ MATERIALS
NO SUPPLIERS
1 Pumps KSB Pumps, GRUNDFOS Pump
2 PPR, uPVC Pipes & Fittings DADEX Pipes or equivalents.
3 G.I Pipes & Fittings INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRIES
LIMITED (IIL) Pipes or
equivalents.
124
SECTION – E-1
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATION
(INTERNAL & EXTERNAL)
1. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
a) The electrification work shall be carried out by licensed workmen

authorized to undertake such works under the provisions of the Pakistan
Electricity Act and Rules.
b) The installation generally should be carried out in conformity with the

Pakistan Electricity Act and Rules and the latest edition of I.E.E. Wiring
Rules, but where Specifications herein differ from those Rules, these
Specifications shall be followed indifferent to the rules.
c) All material shall be as specified, genuine make, new and unused to fully
meet with the requirements and details furnished in the Exhibited
Drawings. If the make of material is not specified or detail of some
component of a job is not given, the Contractor shall at his own
responsibility and expense, obtain all information which may be necessary
for completion of the work and get approval from the Client. The
Contractor shall, in general, use materials of highest grade and quality
conforming British Standards or equivalent Specifications.
d) The Contractor shall set out the work himself and if any discrepancy is
found is drawings or B.O.Q., shall report the matter to the Client and shall
act as directed by them in writing. If any defective or modified setting out
is carried out by the Contractor on his own will, he shall rectify or make
good the same at his own cost.
e) Any special conditions and requirements of the local authorities shall be

met with. The work shall be carried out by qualified workmen only,
having competency certificate and under instructions of a Supervisor
having a license granted by the Govt. of Pakistan / relevant Province of
Pakistan to undertake such a job.
Appointment of a professional electrical engineer registered as such

with Pakistan Consulting Council and a qualified supervisor is
compulsory for the Works under this tender document. The biodata of
the Supervisor and Client should be submitted to the Client before
commencement of the Works and/or when called for.
125
f) The specifications given here are general. Any specification not

applicable may be ignored. Any work allotted to the Contractor,
afterwards, in the range of such specifications shall have to be done
accordingly.
g) The work will not be extended now and the Contractor is supposed to
submit such rates which will be considered applicable for the
extensions/new buildings in the project within reasonable time.
h) The Contractor is supposed to perform his own survey of the works and
base his rates upon the same. Incase he finds that the routes/works
proposed in the tender drawings are at some/all places not workable as
such due to some unforeseen circumstances or differ much in assumed
volume of work, he is supposed to submit his own working drawings, at
his own cost, for approval to the Client to proceed as reinstructed.
2. SPECIAL CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT:
THE TENDER:
The tenderer shall submit with his tender a full and clear description of the
fittings/equipment he proposes to supply together with such drawings,
illustrations and technical data as may be necessary. Six copies of all description
drawings and illustrations etc. are to be submitted. The tenderer shall carefully
examine the specifications, the schedule of quantities and prices, the drawings and
other information supplied herewith, and shall on his responsibility and at his own
expense obtain all the information which may be necessary for preparation of the
tender.
The schedule of quantities and rates must be fully priced, monied out and totaled
in ink and signed by the tenderer, and shall truly set forth the actual prices and
money calculations used by the tenderer in arriving at the amount stated in the
tender.
The tenderer is required to quote for the followings:
The rate and the total amount in local currency for supply, installation and
testing of all materials included in the schedule of quantities.
Additionally, he is required to quote for any items or accessories not

included in the schedule of quantities, which are nevertheless necessary
for completion of all the works specified.
126
No item should be installed unless its sample is provided to and got

approved in writing by the Client whether the make of the item is
specified in detail in B.O.Q. or not. For items whose samples are not
available ready made e.g., Distribution Boards or any other such items, the
Contractor must submit detailed shop drawings to the Client for approval
and proceed as instructed.
3. SCOPE OF WORK:
The works to be carried out under these Specifications include supply and
installation, compete in all respects of electrical and other relevant materials
incidental to proper completion of the installation. The Specifications are
intended to provide a broad outline of the required equipment and installations
and are not intended to include details of design and constructions:
The works generally stated, comprise the following main items:
i. Providing, fixing and connecting main distribution boards complete with

necessary switch-gear with connections to each block shown on each
drawing and as required.
ii. Complete wiring of lights, fans and switch sockets and other outlets as
indicated on the drawings or necessary for satisfactory completion of the
works including lamps holders, ceiling roses and other accessories as
required.
Wiring mains and sub-mains whether in PVC or steel conduit, on surface,

concealed in slab/walls etc. or laid directly underground or in PVC or
Steel conduit as per details in the drawings.
iii. All material shall be suitable for system voltage 415/240 volts A.C. at 50
Hertz except as otherwise required. They will be of genuine make without
fail and brand new completely unused.
iv. Providing, fixing and connecting other such items that may have left out
above and are found necessary for completion of the Project.
All components of work usually carried out such as finishing, painting, testing,
cleaning etc. of complete installation are included in the given rates by the
Contractor.
127
4. LIGHTING FIXTURES:
The fittings shall be as specified in the Bill of Quantities. The lighting fixtures
shall be provided with all necessary supports, suspension arrangements, lamps,
lamp holders, chokes, hooks, hardware, starters, etc. as required for installation.
The light fittings shall have all required accessories of first class quality and shall
be tested and commissioned.
The chokes should be Polyester filled having high efficiency. The starters as well
as the chokes should be made of M/s. PHILIPS or equivalent. The fittings shall
have spring loaded roller type lamp holders. The items shall be of top quality and
approved by the Client in writing.
Each of the fluorescent tubes and high pressure mercury lamp fittings must be
power factor corrected by a capacitor.
All fittings shall be supplied complete with lamps and other accessories.
The tube lights shall be cool day light, 36 of 18 Watt.
In case a specified luminaires is not available at any cost or has become obsolete,
the Contractor shall request for an alternative specification and shall not proceed
without approval from the Client.
Moreover:
i. Pendant type luminaires shall be suspended from the ceiling at a height

determined and approved by the Client in case they are not specified in
drawings of BOQ. In general, however, they should be suspended 6”
below ceiling fans at the minimum and may have a clearance of 8’ from
the finished floor.
ii. Manufacturer’s instructions shall be strictly followed for an installation.
iii. Outdoor fittings, control switches or other accessories shall be weather

proof type ab initio or made so by fabrication mechanically.
iv. The switches must be rated minimum 40% greater than total current drawn
in a multi-point circuit whether it be 5, 15 or more Amperes.
v. Fan boxes must be provided for suspension of chandeliers where ever

required. The item will be considered part of installation of the chandelier
and no extra claim will be entertained for that.
128
5. SWITCHES:
The switches shall be rated as called for in BOQ but as warranted by the total
current drawn by a point. The minimum rating should be 5 Amp. They will be
miniature royal type, one way or twoway as required. Bakelite made and fitted on
a recessed type switch-board.
A gang of switches may be formed by more than one switch on one common
board. The switches should be of approved manufacturers single or twoway as
called for in the Schedule of Quantities.
The switch board shall be fabricated on a C.I. box of the requisite size or made
out of 2 mm thick sheet steel protected by an external coat of bitumen.
They should be recessed mounted in wall 4.5 feet above finished floor level.
The selected colours and make must be consistent throughout the installation in
the building.
At places where a switch is exposed to live weather conditions directly or

indirectly, it must be of weatherproof variety. No extra claim for that provision
will be entertained.
6. FANS
All fans shall be A.C. capacitor type fans of sizes as called for in schedule of
quantities. They should be complete with accessories e.g. fan box with 5/8”
suspension hook, necessary length down-rod, canopy, ceiling rose, flexible cord
24/.20” size (23/.0076”) oversheathed, brass hardware, etc.
All fans must be accompanied by multi-step fan regulators suitable for recessed
mounting. The regulator may well be multistep choke type or may consist of a
dimmer switch.
Dimmer switch if used must be rated at least 200 W and should have an internal
circuit for freedom from radio interference.
Exhaust fans should be complete with capacitor, metallic stove enameled frame,
air-pressure operated and gravity controlled louvers.
129
All the fans, whether ceiling or exhaust, should be of M/s. Parwaz/Millat make
unless otherwise called for in schedule of quantities.
In case of fan of the specified sweep is not made by the specified companies, it
will be procured on special order for the same companies. Anyhow, if the fans of
such specified sweep and variety are regularly made by any other company, it
may be used provided it is one of the following makes:
G.F.C.
PAK FAN
ROYAL FAN
Every fan shall be controlled by a separate switch as well as a multistep regulator.
Provision and installation of a Fan-box, metallic body, top quality with 5/8” dia.
suspension hook and holdfast is integral part of every ceiling fan.
7. SWITCH-SOCKET OUTLETS:
The switch-sockets shall be of approved manufacturers with item number and

current rating as called for in schedule of quantities.
They will in general be mounted 12” above finished floor level or as per site
requirement on a C.I. or 2 mm thick sheet steel box recessed in wall. They should
be mounted above counters in kitchens or other such places if required.
The box shall be bitumen coated on the outer surface in touch with the wall when
recessed mounted.
8. WIRING AND CABLE INSTALLATION:
a) GENERAL:
The Contractor shall furnish all materials and labour to install wires and
cables as indicated on drawings and listed in the schedule of quantities.
The Contractor shall provide, without any extra cost, materials for
terminations etc. such as lugs, solder, clamps, supports, bushes, fixing pins
etc. necessary for a complete wiring installation. Other miscellaneous
items such as filling compound, identification tags/boards, earthing clips
and straps shall also be furnished for a complete wiring installation in
accordance with the best modern practices.
130
All wires and cables shall be arranged to provide bends of reasonably

large radius, when they are run in conduit or under ground. Bends shall
not be made to a radius less than 10 times the overall diameter of cables.
Wiring shall be continuous between terminations and use of connectors or
joints on the route will not be allowed.
Looping-in system shall be followed throughout.
Size of the conduit, whether it be PVC, steel or pipe/tube of any other

material, will be selected in conformity with the general rule that area of
cross section covered by the drawn-in cables should no where be in excess
of 40% that of the conduit itself.
The following table may be used as a guide for the purpose:
Nominal
Conductor Size & Gauge of Conduit in mm
size
sq.mm. 20 25 32 38 50
Max. Number of Cables
1.5 8 16 21 35 -
2.5 6 13 20 28 -
6.0 4 7 12 16 21
10.0 2 4 7 10 14
16.0 - 3 5 8 11
25.0 - 3 5 7 9
35.0 - - 2 3 4
50.0 - - 2 3 4
b) CONCEALED WIRING IN PVC/STEEL CONDUIT:
The Contractor shall provide and install all cables and wires of the sizes
called for in drawings and in the schedule of quantities or found otherwise
necessary for a complete wiring e.g. for wiring measuring instruments
within a Distribution Board or Panel etc.
The cables should be single or multi-core as called for in Schedule of

Quantities and shall comprise of PVC insulated copper conductor unless
otherwise called for in BOQ or drawings.
The cables for pointing wiring only may be one of the following makes in
the order of preference:
131
PAKISTAN CABLES LTD.

NEWAGE CABLES LTD.
PIONEER CABLES LTD.
FAST CABLES LTD.
ASIAN CABLES LTD.
The proposed brand of the cables by the Contractor should be approved by

the Client before installation. Once selected, the cable of only one brand
should used through out in the project for pointing wiring.
When passing through the floors/ceilings or columns, the wires or cables

shall be enclosed in heavy gauge conduit, the conduit shall be laid above
the reinforcement steel of the slab and shall be firmly secured by binding
to the steel in order to avoid being disturbed during the pouring of
concrete.
After finishing the pouring, the concealed conduit shall have a covering of
35 to 50 mm of concrete around it including the thickness of the finishing
plaster.
For passing through the walls, the conduit should be recessed 1” in the
wall while the wire run be vertical i.e. from floor towards the ceiling or
vice versa. The conduit may be flush with the wall (excluding plaster) if
the wiring is horizontal.
The installation of wires and cables in PVC or steel conduit pipes shall be
done with care to prevent damage to the cables.
To facilitate pulling cables, lubrication only as recommended by the cable

manufacturers may be used for decreasing friction. Under no
circumstances shall soap or corrosive oil of any kind be used.
The cable manufacturer’s specifications for minimum bending radius,

pulling speed and maximum pulling tension on cables shall govern the
cable pulling operations. When several cables or wires are to occupy the
same conduit, they may be pulled together.
Pull boxes shall be installed in conduit runs, where-ever required, to limit

the pulling length of the cable. The drawings are diagrammatic and do not
indicate the locations of pull boxes, however, they should be installed in
conduit runs to limit the pulling length to the following:
i. Straight runs – not more than 100 ft.

ii. Runs with one 90 degree bend – not more than 50 ft.
132
iii. Runs with two 90 degree bends – not more than 25 ft.
The minimum length of all inspection boxes shall not be less than four
times the cable manufacturer’s recommended bending radius of the cable.
Unless otherwise specified all wiring shall be in concealed conduits.
Where ever the conduit may have to run directly underground, it will be
laid at a depth of 0.8 m below finished ground level.
The under-ground conduit must be surrounded by at least a 100 mm thick

covering of insulation grade sand, over which 3” thick layer or burnt
bricks should be laid. The back-filling should be compacted to 95% of the
maximum dry density of the backfill material.
Rates quoted for such run will mean to include all these and other
incidental materials to complete the job in every respect.
PVC conduit, wherever mentioned in the drawings or Bill of Quantities, is

understood to mean to be Beta class pipe or equivalent make.
Steel conduit must be made by I.I.S.
9. WIRING IN PVC/STEEL CONDUIT ON SURFACE:
All conditions except for those specific for the concealed wiring as laid down
above in item 8, shall apply to the wiring in conduit on surface whether it be steel
or PVC.
The conduit on surface of the wall will be installed at a height determined by the
Client but normally it will be 1’-6” below the ceiling.
The saddles and clamps used for the PVC conduit shall be made of PVC and
those for the steel conduit shall be made of cast iron.
The maximum distance between any two neighbouring saddles and clamps shall
be 2’ Additional saddles and clamps shall be provided close to the bends and
other such points of stress and no weak and loose point shall be in the installation
for any cause.
The steel conduit should be de-rusted, and cleaned from inside as well as outside
and given one coat of red Lead Oxide as a primer over which should be given two
coats of black enamel. The enamel should be fine and of such high quality that it
should not crust off by the minor bending or jerking etc.
133
10. PVC CONDUIT AND PVC ACCESSORIES:
a) PVC CONDUIT:
PVC conduit where ever mentioned in the Bill of Quantities or the

drawing shall mean class ‘D’ pipe to be supplied by the Contractor in
standard manufactured lengths made by Beta or exact equivalent made by
approved firm conforming BSS 3506, 1969. The PVC conduit accessories
shall conform to BSS 4346, 1969.
The Conduit shall be capable to withstand a tensile strength of 500/550

kg/cm.sq. and a pressure of 173 lbs/sq.in. (12.17 kg/cm.sq)
The jointing shall be done by PVC solvent cement-70. The solvent shall
be applied so as to yield a water tight joint.
The minimum size of the conduit used shall be dia 20mm unless otherwise
specified.
The conduit should have specific volume resistivity of 3-5 x 1015 ohms and
a dielectric strength of 23-28 kV/mm.
b) Except for outlet boxes e.g. switch-boards, light/fan-box, outlet points, or

pull boxes (which are all required to be of C.I. or fabricated from 2 mm
thick steel or alloy sheet), the PVC accessories may be applied e.g.
elbows, rawl plugs, bends, junction boxes etc. etc.
The Contractor will supply and install all accessories in the quoted price
for the supply and installation of PVC Conduit.
Soft metal bushes should be used at terminal ends in order to protect wire
insulation from damage during and after pulling operations.
The PVC junction boxes shall be 645 mm.sq. in area and 38 to 59 mm in

depth at the minimum.
The outlet/pull/fan boxes should be of cast iron or steel/alloy sheet as

previously indicated.
134
11. HEAVY GAUGE STEEL CONDUIT:
All conduit shall be heavy gauge 16 SWG steel min. and threaded type in
standard manufactured length complete with all accessories and protected by a
black enamel coating.
The black enamel coating shall be of such good quality that it should not flake or
crack during bending or rough usage. An additional coating should be given after
installation in position.
The minimum size of the conduit used shall be dia. 20 mm unless otherwise
called for in BOQ or drawings. The total cross sectional area of the cable drawn
in the conduit should not be more than 40% of the cross sectional area of the
conduit itself.
The conduit shall be installed concealed in slab, or on surface as called for in

BOQ.
If installed on surface, it shall be firmly held by means of clamps and saddles

which shall not in any case be spaced more than 610 mm.
If installed concealed in the slab/walls, only one coat of hot bitumen all around is
required.
The horizontal runs of conduit on surface shall not be more than 450 to 600 mm
below the ceiling level (unless otherwise called for in BOQ or drawings) and
where hindrance is met on the route, the conduit shall be taken around the
hindrance above or below neatly and then run at the same level.
12. CLEANING:
The cleaning of the entire conduit system shall be essentially completed before
wiring is installed. Conduits shall be tested for continuity and obstructions. Any
obstructions found shall be cleared by use of a cutting mandrel or other approved
device and the conduit be cleaned out before the installation of cable.
13. MAINS/SUBMAINS/UNDERGROUND CABLES:
The cables shall be armoured, PVC/PVC or XLPE insulated and of sizes as called
for in schedule of quantities and drawings.
The cables shall invariably be of Copper conductor unless otherwise mentioned in

drawings or BOQ.
135
They will be laid in conduit, ducts, RCC pipe, directly underground etc. as
required.
The cables must be of any of the following makes:
PAKISTAN CABLES LTD

NEWAGE CABLES LTD.
PIONEER CABLES LTD
FAST CABLES LTD
ASIAN CABLES LTD
All passages of common traffic, whether they be roads, streets or verandas etc.
shall in any case be crossed through large size high quality and pressure bearing
RCC pipes. Minimum diameter of the pipes shall be 100 mm.
The cables or conduit shall be laid 0.8 m below finished ground level surrounded
by a layer of at least 150 mm insulation grade sand unless otherwise required.
Pass of BS size sieve No. 14 and retain of No. 18 size clean and dry river sand
may be used if ready prepared insulation grade sand is not available.
Burnt bricks should be laid over the sand and then the trench should be back-filled
and compacted to 95% of maximum dry density of the back-fill material.
Route Indicators, which in any case are integral part of the installation, should be
metallic comprising dia. 75 to 100 mm sign board welded to dia. 12 mm G.I. pipe
750 mm long overall unless otherwise detailed in the drawing.
14. DISTRIBUTION BOARDS/PILLAR BOXES
Distribution boards/Pillar Boxes shall be fabricated out of sheet steel at least 1.5
mm thick, stove enameled and shall be having hinged door, handle, lock and key
arrangement.
They shall comprise of fuses, switch-fuses or MCB’s having the rating as called
for in BOQ.
The fuses shall invariably be high rupturing capacity type made by Power
Electronics, SA Electric Co., Electrech or approved equivalent. The approval
must be achieved in writing.
All boards should be provided with identification tags/stickers, bus bars, phase
indication miniature lamps etc. They shall be recessed mounted on wall, fixed on
136
surface, stand free on floor or may be masonry pad mounted in open as called for
in schedule of quantities or drawings.
In general, the distribution boards shall be recessed type, the pillar boxes masonry
pad mounted and the main panels in power stations free standing.
The distribution boards shall in general be provided with cable end boxes or
sealing glands so that no leakage of current may be possible.
No holes of any kind shall be left unsealed anywhere so as to avoid attack of

rodents.
Soft metal bushes must be provided for smaller sizes (below and including
16 mm.sq.) cables outgoing or incoming to the distribution boards.
Cables glands may be used for the larger sizes.
The masonry pad for mounting the Pillar Boxes shall be as detailed in the
drawings. The pad shall be plastered ½” thick all around. The Pillar Boxes shall
be weather proof and shall be fixed mounted on the masonry pad.
15. CIRCUIT BREAKERS:
The circuit breakers used in the distribution boards mentioned above or otherwise
(e.g. for plug-in-box etc. if required) shall be any of the makes given below and
shall have the specified number of poles, interrupting current capacity of
sensitivity. In case a circuit breaker of the given make is not available, an
alternative can be used only with the written approval of the Client.
a) MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKERS:
The MCB’s, single pole or double pole, shall be of one of the following
genuine make only:
1. LEGRAND 2. SIEMENS
3. TERRASAKI 4. FUJI
The single pole or 2 pole MCB’s should have a minimum interrupting

capacity of 6000 Amperes unless otherwise called for in Schedule of
Quantities.
The three phase MCB’s should be three pole with neutral link having a
minimum interrupt capacity of 7500 Amperes at 415 volts unless
otherwise called for in BOQ.
137
The Three phase MCB’s shall be one of the following makes only:
LEGRAND
FUJI
TERRASAKI
SIEMENS
All the MCB’s, whether single or multi-pole one, must be fitted both with
the magnetic as well thermal tripping devices.
The selected make of the MCB’s should be consistently same throughout

the installation.
b) MOULDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKERS:
The Moulded Case Circuit Breakers should invariably be of any of the

following make in the order of preference unless otherwise required in the
BOQ or drawings:
1. LEGRAND 2. FUJI
3. TERRASAKI 4. SIEMENS
5. HITACHI
The Contractor shall propose the selected make to the Client and shall
proceed after approval. One and the same make, shall be consistently used
throughout the installation as far as feasible.
All the MCB’s should be adjustable type having the ratings as given in the
BOQ and capacities as given against each below unless otherwise called
for in the Schedule of Quantities:
NOMINAL RATING INTERRUPTING

AMPERES CAPACITY (kA)
15 to 80 7.5
100 to 150 10.0
200 to 300 15.0
400 to 600 20.0
700 to 800 40.0
1000 to 1200 60.0
As a general rule the breaking capacity of the breakers towards the starting
end of the supply shall be greater than that of the distribution side.
138
c) EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS:
All the E.L.C.B.’s should be of the rating as called for in the Schedule of
Quantities and having the interrupting capacity or sensitivity as given
below unless otherwise called for:
NOMINAL INTERRUPTING SENSITIVITY

RATING CAPACITY (kA) mA
AMPERES
2 Pole 4 Pole
15 to 15 5 7.5 30
60 - 7.5 30
75 to 125 - 22.0 30
150 to 200 - 22.0 100
Only those Earth Leakage Breakers are permitted which are fitted with
built-in over-load and short circuit release. Any breakers installed
otherwise will have to be removed and replaced by the required ones at the
cost of the Contractor.
d) AIR CIRCUIT BREAKERS:
LEGRAND made compact series Three Phase Air Circuit Breakers 3 or 4

pole as called for in the BOQ should be used having 80 kA Interrupting
Capacity at the minimum and fitted with following protections/fittings:
Short Time Delay (Adj.)

Instantaneous (Fixed)
Ground Fault (Adj.)
Alarm Switch
Locking Device for On/Off button with Lock and Key
On/Off Counter
Overload Trip Indicating Contact
Short Circuit Trip Indicating Contact
Ground Fault Trip Indicating Contact
Indicating Lamps as Required.
Earth Fault Relay
Under Voltage Trip
Overload Protection
Surge Protection
139
And any other protections called for in BOQ or drawings.
16. SWITCH FUSES
The switch-fuses where ever indicated shall be rotary cam type with H.R.C. fuses.
The switch-fuses shall be recessed mounted within the distribution Boards/Pillar

Boxes.
In case the switch-fuse of the specified rating or a rating close to (but larger than)
the same is not available, a Fuse-Switch or a Load Break Switch with Separate
H.R.C. fuses and bases may be used.
17. EARTHING:
The earthing arrangement shall conform drawings and latest I.E.E. regulations.
All metallic parts in the installation are in general to be earthed.
Earthing shall in general be done by a hard drawn bare copper conductor.
Minimum size of the earthing conductor shall be dia. 2 mm and that of Earth Lead
dia. 4 mm but the size otherwise given in the drawings or BOQ must be followed.
The earth Lead shall be drawn in G.I. pipe from the Earth Set to the requisite
Earth Point, Distribution Board or Machine etc. unless otherwise called for in
BOQ.
All Earthing Electrodes shall be interconnected with SWG 8 bare copper

conductor laid under ground side by side with cables.
140
18. WORKING AND “AS BUILT DRAWINGS”
The Contractor shall prepare and submit for approval, the drawings, literature of
the fittings/equipment, appliance and fixtures which shall in any case be installed
only after written approval by the Client as required subject to a maximum of six
no. drawings.
The Contractor can propose alternative route/routes of the cables/conduit if he

finds so to be more convenient and more workable. He should in such a case
develop his own Working Drawings and submit for approval three sets of such
Working Drawings to the Client. One set after approval as given will remain with
the Client, one with the Client and the other with the Contractor himself for
record and reference.
The Contractor is supposed to submit the shop drawings of all the Distribution
Boards and the Panels for approval before installation and purchase of the items.
The drawings should give full details of all materials, finishes and set up. The
Contractor should submit three sets of the drawings for the purpose and proceed
only as per the approved drawings.
The Contractor should also submit working drawings for all other installation
work (e.g., luminaires, switch-sockets, switch-boards etc.) proposing the process
of installation he is going to adapt in the actual work.
The Contractor is responsible for submitting in triplicate the “As Built Drawings”
of the electrical works if there be some variation of any nature and any magnitude
in execution to the original tendered drawings on any account.
Failure to submit the above drawings and get them approved by the Client may
result in withholding of his final bill/security money.
19. STEEL POLES FOR FLOOD/GARDEN/STREET LIGHTING:
Steel poles shall be either seam welded or seamless extruded. The finished
product shall represent the best quality by modern manufacturing standards.
The steel used to manufacture the poles shall have specifications not less than the
following:
Ultimate tensile strength: 75,000 psi

Yield strength: 53,000 psi
Modulus of elasticity 27,00,000 psi
The diameters and sections of the poles shall be as shown on the drawing.
141
Maximum working strength without dislocation shall be 70% of ultimate breaking

strength. Factor of safety equal to 2.5 and wind pressure on 2/3 of projected area
shall be assumed to be 12 pounds per square foot (58.57 kg/m2).
Wall thickness of any pole at any place shall be standard as per thickest size
manufactured and easily available in the market at the time of installation. It
shall, however, not be less than 5 mm at any place for any section.
The following tolerances are permitted:
Nominal outside dia. = +/- 1.5%

Nominal Wall thickness = +/- 15 %
Nominal Total length = +/- 1.0 %
Nominal Total Length = +/- 5.0 %
Lateral displacement = +/- 0.1%
The poles shall be relieved of all welding and drawing stresses and thoroughly
cleaned of all oxidation, scale, oils and contaminants before finishing.
The poles should be given a Lead-oxide prime coating from ground line to top
and a bituminous solution coating from bottom to ground. A silver white
coloured, fine quality, two coat enamel should be applied over the primer unless
otherwise directed.
Each pole should invariably be properly earthed.
20. TESTING:
Upon completion of the installations the Contractor shall perform field tests on all
equipments, materials, system. All tests shall be conducted in presence of the
Client or their appointed representative.
In general all test made by the Contractor shall be of the nature to assure that the
entire installation is sound and that all circuits lighting, power and equipment etc.
will function properly and as intended.
The Contractor shall furnish and install all tools, instruments, test equipment,
materials etc. and furnish all personnel required for carrying out complete testing.
The Contractor shall record all test results and submit the same to the Client duly
initialed by his testing engineer.
142
The insulation resistance test shall be performed on all electrical equipment and
wiring. Using Megger tester or any self contained instrument such as direct
indicating Ohmmeter of the generator type.
Only D.C. potentials shall be used for such testing and those shall be as follows:
Circuits under 230 V = 500 V test voltage
Circuits 230-400 V = 1000 V test voltage
The minimum acceptable insulation resistance value shall be 5 Mega-Ohms for

VIR cables and equipment and 1 Mega-Ohm for PVC cables.
The insulation test between each cable of a circuit as well as between earth and
individual cable shall be made. All equipment shall be tested to earth.
If the insulation resistance of the circuit under test is found less than that specified
above, the cause of low reading shall be removed.
The corrective measures shall include dry out procedure by means of heaters if
equipment is found to contain moisture but if circuits are found defective, these
shall be removed and replaced and then tested again.
The tests shall be carried out at least three times and the readings shall not vary
from each other more than 7.0% of average value.
Each resistance tests shall be made by the Contractor on the earthing system,
separating and reconnecting each earth connection as may be required.
The electrical resistance of the ECC together with the resistance of the earthing
lead measured from the connection with earth electrode to any other position in
the completed installation shall not exceed one Ohm.
Approval for the soundness of all the electrical installation from the relevant
department is the liability of the Contractor. The final payment of the Contractor
may be withheld until the approval is achieved.
143
21. ELECTRIC MOTOR PUMPS:
Pumps shall be made by K.S.B. Grundfos or equal approved and will be complete
with impellers, coupling flanges, reducers, enlargers, etc. to connect them with the
incoming and outgoing lines and to commission them satisfactorily.
The concrete foundation and another bolts shall be considered integral part of the
motor pump.
Timer, instruments, float-less control replay, probe rods, probe rod holder, control
resistances etc. will be provided within the quoted price for all automatic electric
motor pumps. The timer will be adjusted to the requirements as indicated by
Client incharge at Site. The timer and other instruments will be of the best quality
available in the market.
Wiring, including supply of materials whether it be of the control circuit or main

motor circuit is included in the installation. The Contractor will himself visit the
site and assess the nature and dimension of the work and base his quotation upon
the assessment. No extra claim will be entertained in this regard on whatsoever
grounds.
The work will be considered incomplete unless the installation is tested and
commissioned to the entire satisfaction of the Client. The work must conform
drawings and BOQ.
22. TELEPHONE SYSTEM:
a) WIRING: The system wiring should be done by minimum two pair

standard telephone cable drawn in minimum dia. 20 mm PVC concealed
conduit. The conduit should be made by Beta and the cable should be
made by Pakistan Cables “SIEMENS” or “Newage Cables”.
No joints are allowed in the wiring on any account what-so-ever.
b) TELEPHONE OUTLETS: The outlet should be rosette and jack type

and must be mounted on concealed type outlet boxes made of Cast Iron or
Bitumen-coated 2 mm thick sheet steel/alloy. The box should be covered
by 3 mm thick electric grade plastic.
The rosette and jack must be made out of Chromium plated Brass of high
conductivity.
The joint of telephone cable with the rosette or jack may be soldered.
144
c) TELEPHONE JUNCTION BOXES: The junction Boxes have to be

metallic. They may be fabricated out of sheet steel 1.5 mm thick and gray
stove enameled.
They should house the number of pairs of Brass terminals as indicated in

the Schedule of Quantities.
The number of terminals should be equal on the incoming and outgoing

sides.
The Junction Boxes should be of a size not only sufficient for the number
of pairs for which hit is designed/called for in the BOQ but must have
space enough for 100% increase.
The Junction Boxes may be mounted 4’ (1200 mm) above relevant floor
level. They are required to be recessed in walls.
d) TELEPHONE EXCHANGE: The exchange shall be locally made

digital type suitable for specified number of incoming trunk calls and
extension points. It should be fit for one operator console.
Rechargeable lead acid battery bank should be provided along with the
battery charger of rating suitable for the trouble free function of the
exchange.
The exchange shall be made by Toshiba, Siemens or Philips. The

exchange shall include all accessories with main distribution frame and
power supply.
Essential spare parts satisfactory for immediate requirements in case of

breakdowns due to minor faults will be provided with the exchange by the
Contractor. The spares should be sufficient for use for three years.
Maintenance for a period of one year including provision of any kind of

parts of whatever cost will be the responsibility of the Contractor. No
additional payment to that effect will be made to the Contractor.
Approval for the installation and commissioning of the exchange will be

the liability of the Contractor to achieve from the PTC department,
Government of Pakistan.
c) TELEPHONE SETS: The telephone sets should be digital type suitable

for most modern functions limited by the purpose for which they are to be
145
installed. They should be provided along with the lead of suitable length
up to the relevant telephone outlet.
Any approval required from PTC department for installation of the sets
will be liability of the Contractor.
23. SERVICE CONDITIONS:
The equipment covered by these specifications, drawings and schedule of

quantities must be suitable for operation under the service conditions set out
below.
It may be assumed that the air is not normally heavily polluted by dust, smoke,
corrosive gases or vapour. However, at certain times of the year severe dust
storms may be experienced.
Relative Humidity may range upto 90%.
The reference ambient temperature assured for the purpose of these standards are:
Maximum 45 º C
Max. over any 24 hrs. 40º C
Mean in the year 25º C
Minimum -5º C
The maximum value of ambient temperature and humidity, however, does not
occur simultaneously. During the monsoon season high humidity may persist for
several days at a time.
The altitude for installation shall not exceed 1500 meters above mean sea level.
146

Bidding Document Vol II Specification For CB Medical College 14 02 2019

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bidding Document Vol II Specification For CB Medical College 14 02 2019

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

All the specification, material and testing will be followed as per MES

Schedule of rate 2014 for schedule items

G3 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS (PVT.) LTD.

1.2 NATURE OF SOIL AT SITE:

1.3 ANTIQUITIES AND TREASURE TROVE ETC.

1.4 CLEARING AND GRUBBING:

Excavation shall be unclassified unless designated otherwise in B.O.Q.

Excavation shall also include separation of unsuitable materials from the

1.5.2 Excavation for Site Leveling:

It shall consist of carrying out all cutting of material necessary to obtain

1.5.3 Structural Excavation for Foundations of Structures, Appurtenances

1.5.3.1 Excavation for building foundations and structures shall be carried

1.5.3.6 In case unsuitable material is encountered at the desired level of

1.6.1 Filling of Foundation Trenches and Under Floors:

Filling shall be commenced only after inspection and approval of

Filling shall be brought up evenly on either side of structure. The excess

1.6.2 Selected Granular Fill:

1.6.3 Filling for Leveling of Site:

1.7 DISPOSAL OF EXCAVATED MATERIAL:

1.8 DEWATERING OF SUB-SOIL WATER:

Dewatering of sub-soil water by well-pointing, bailing and/or pumping shall be a

1.9 SHORING AND SHEETING LEFT IN PLACE:

1.10 TERMITE PROOFING:

“Mirage”, or approved equal termite proofing chemical shall be

1.10.2 Area to be Termite Proofed:

The termite proofing chemical shall be used as per printed

1.11.3 Structural Excavation shall be measured by volume. Filling of the

1.11.4 Earth Work for Leveling shall be measured by volume.

1.11.8 Termite Proofing shall be measured by area or as given in BOQ. In case

1.12 PAYMENT AND RATES:

1.12.2 Pay Items:

Payment shall be made under the following items:

101 Clearing and Grubbing, per Clause 1.4, including disposal of

102 Structural Excavation above Sub-soil Water Level, as per Clauses

of material as per Clause 1.7. Only the quantity of excavation shall

103 Structural Excavation below Sub-soil Water Level, as per Clauses

105 Sand Fill, Granular Fill, or any other.

106 Dewatering of Sub-Soil Water, as per Clause 1.8. Rate shall be

107 Shoring and Sheeting Left in Place, as per Clause 1.9.

108 Termite Proofing, as per Clause 1.10.

2.2 APPLICABLE STANDARDS:

The following British/American publications of the issues indicated or current at

BS-3892 for pulverized fuel ash.

2.3 EMBEDDED ITEMS:

Full cooperation shall be given to other specialist contractors to install embedded

2.4.4 Coarse Aggregates: Coarse aggregates shall be obtained from

organic alkali or bituminous matter. Coarse aggregate shall

Soon after award of work, the Contractor shall submit a sample

2.4.5 Admixtures: The use of admixtures to promote workability or

2.4.6 Reinforcement: Steel reinforcement shall comply with the

Unless designated otherwise, the minimum yield stresses shall be

For Mild Steel plain round bars = 36000 psi.

For Deformed Mild Steel round bars

For Ribbed Cold worked high grade bars = 60000 psi.

For Deformed hot-rolled rebars = 60000 psi.

2.4.7 Form-work: shall be of rough timbers, steel, plywood proprietary

2.5 SAMPLE, TESTS AND ACCEPTANCE OF MATERIALS (EXCEPT

Sampling aggregates AASHTO T-2.

Sieve analysis AASHTO T-27.

Organic impurities AASHTO T-21.

Mortar strength AASHTO T-71.

Sodium Sulphate soundness AASHTO T-104.