Dan Melton Anthony A.

Hizon 3/2/21
BSN3B NCM116

CRITICAL THINKING EXERCISE - GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

Critical Thinking Questions and Exercises Discussion and Analysis
1. Compare and contrast the etiology of chronic and acute gastritis
2. Trace the pathophysiology of gastritis
3. Compare the incidence and symptoms for duodenal vs gastric ulcers
4. Make a pathophysiology for appendicitis

1.
Chronic Gastritis Acute Gastritis
chronic gastritis occurs over a long Acute gastritis is a sudden inflammation or
period of time it gradually wears swelling in the lining of the stomach. It can
away at your stomach lining. And it cause severe and nagging pain. However, the
can cause metaplasia or dysplasia. pain is temporary and usually lasts for short
These are precancerous changes bursts at a time.
in your cells that can lead to
cancer if untreated.
Symptoms:  Nausea  black stools
 bloating  Vomiting  bloody vomit that looks like used
coffee grounds
 belching  Indigestion
 a full feeling in the upper abdomen
 Loss of apetite
 loss of appetite after eating
 Upper abdominal pain
 weight loss

Risk Factors:
  high-fat diet
 high-salt diet
 smoking
Diagnosis:
 a test for the bacteria that
cause stomach ulcers
 a blood count and an
anemia test
How is chronic gastritis treated?
Medications and diet are the most
common ways of treating chronic
gastritis. And treatment for each
 a fecal test, which is used to
check for blood in your stool
 an esophagogastroduodenoscopy
, or endoscopy, which is used to
look at the lining of your stomach
with a small camera
Risk Factors:
 taking NSAIDs
 taking corticosteroids
 drinking a lot of alcohol
 having major surgery
 kidney failure
 liver failure
 respiratory failure
Diagnosis:
 a complete blood count (CBC), which
is used to check your overall health
 a blood, breath, or saliva test, which is
used to check for H. pylori
 an esophagogastroduodenoscopy,
or endoscopy, which is used to look at
the lining of your stomach with a small
camera
 a gastric tissue biopsy, which involves
removing a small piece of stomach
tissue for analysis
 an X-ray, which is used to look for
structural problems in your digestive
system
How is acute gastritis treated?
Some cases of acute gastritis go away
without treatment, and eating a bland diet can
type focuses on the cause of the
gastritis.
If you have Type A, your doctor will
likely address the problems related
to the nutrients you are lacking. If
you have Type B, your doctor will
use antimicrobial agents and acid
blocking medications to destroy H.
pylori bacteria. If you have Type C,
your doctor will likely tell you to
stop taking NSAIDs or drinking
alcohol to prevent further damage
to your stomach.
Medications
Diet
a high-salt diet
a high-fat diet
alcohol, including beer, wine, or
spirits
a diet high in red meat and preserved
meats
aid in a quick recovery. Foods that are low in
natural acids, low in fat, and low in fiber may
be tolerated best.
Lean meats like chicken or turkey breast can
be added to the diet if tolerated, though
antacids, including calcium carbonate
chicken broth or other soups might be best if
(Rolaids and Tums)
vomiting keeps happening.
proton pump inhibitors, such as omeprazole
(Prilosec)
However, many people do need treatment for
acute gastritis, with treatment and recovery
times depending on the cause of the gastritis.
H. pylori infections may require one or two
rounds of antibiotics, which could last for two
weeks apiece.
Medications
H2 antagonists such as famotidine (Pepcid)
and cimetidine (Tagamet) reduce the
production of stomach acid and can be taken
between 10 and 60 minutes before eating.
2.

3.
 Duodenal Ulcer Gastric Ulcer
Incidence: Incidence:

incidence rate for members age 15 and above incidence rate for members age 15 and

was 0.58 per 1,000 p-y (males 0.76, females above was 0.21 per 1,000 p-y (males

0.40) 0.23, females 0.18).

Symptoms: Symptoms:

If you have a duodenal ulcer, you might: Symptoms of gastric and duodenal ulcers are The most common symptom is a burning

 have pain in the stomach or abdomen
(this might come and go and is
relieved by eating or taking an
antacid)
 have indigestion
 feel very full and bloated after eating
 feel like you might vomit (nauseous)
 lose weight
Very occasionally, an ulcer can cause serious
complications. Go to the emergency
department if:
 you have a sharp pain in your
stomach that doesn't go away
 your vomit or stools (poo) look
bloody or a black colour
generally similar. The most common
complaint is a burning pain in the stomach.
Duodenal ulcers may also cause abdominal
pain a few hours after eating.
This pain tends to respond well to
medications or foods that reduce stomach
acid, but as the effects of these wear off, the
pain usually returns.
Abdominal pain from a duodenal ulcer may
be worse when the stomach is empty, for
example, between meals, at night, or first
sensation or pain in the middle of your
abdomen between your chest and belly
button. Typically, the pain will be more
intense when your stomach is empty, and it
can last for a few minutes to several hours.
Other common signs and symptoms of ulcers
include:
 dull pain in the stomach
 weight loss
 not wanting to eat because of pain
 nausea or vomiting
 bloating
 feeling easily full
 burping or acid reflux
 thing in the morning.  heartburn, which is a burning
sensation in the chest)
 pain that may improve when you eat,
drink, or take antacids
 anemia, whose symptoms can include
tiredness, shortness of breath, or paler
skin
 dark, tarry stools
 vomit that’s bloody or looks like
coffee grounds
Talk to your doctor if you have any symptoms

of a stomach ulcer. Even though discomfort

may be mild, ulcers can worsen if they aren’t

treated. Bleeding ulcers can become life-

threatening.

4.
References:
 https://www.healthline.com/health/gastritis-acute#noHeaderPrefixedContent

https://www.healthline.com/health/gastritis-chronic#treatments

https://www.scribd.com/doc/6779638/Pathophysiolo-of-Gastritis

https://www.healthline.com/health/stomach-ulcer#overview

https://www.healthline.com/health/gastritis-acute#_noHeaderPrefixedContent

https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/duodenal-ulcer

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4003625/#:~:text=For%20duodenal%20and%20pyloric%20canal,males%200.23%2C%20females

%200.18).

https://www.slideshare.net/clauisagibal/pathophysiologyofappendicitis