

𝐹𝑦 = 3.515 𝐹𝑢 = 4.570 

𝐹𝑦 = 2.530 𝐹𝑢 = 4.080 
 𝑊𝐷 = 350 𝑘𝑔/𝑚 𝑊𝐿 =
500 𝑘𝑔/𝑚
𝑊𝑆 = 3550 𝑘𝑔/𝑚
 ℎ = 30,5 𝑐𝑚

𝑡𝑤 = 1,30 𝑐𝑚

𝑏𝑓 = 8,05 𝑐𝑚

𝐴𝑔 = 56,90 𝑐𝑚2

𝑇𝑛 = 𝐴𝑔 𝑓𝑦

𝑇𝑛 : 𝑒𝑠𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑜 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖ó𝑛

𝐴𝑔 : á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑙

 𝑘𝑔
𝑇𝑛 = (56,9 𝑐𝑚2 ) (3.515 ) = 200.003,5 𝑘𝑔
𝑐𝑚2

𝑇𝑛 = 200,00 𝑇𝑜𝑛

𝐴𝑃𝐿 = (35,5 𝑐𝑚)(1,3 𝑐𝑚) = 46,15 𝑐𝑚2

𝑘𝑔
𝑇𝑛 = (46,15 𝑐𝑚2 ) (2.530 ) = 116.759,5 𝑘𝑔
𝑐𝑚2

𝑇𝑛 = 116,76 𝑇𝑜𝑛

𝑇𝑛 =
116,76 Ton

𝑠2
𝑏𝑛 = ℎ − 𝑛 ∗ 𝑑𝑎 + ∑
4𝑔

𝑏𝑛 : 𝑎𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑜 𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑜

ℎ: 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑖𝑙 𝐶

𝑛: 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑗𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎

𝑠: 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑎 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑗𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠

𝑔: 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑗𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠

𝑑𝑎 : 𝑑𝑖á𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑗𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠
 (5 𝑐𝑚)2
𝑏𝑛 (𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐹) = 30,5 𝑐𝑚 − (2 )(2,54 𝑐𝑚) + = 26,48 𝑐𝑚
4(5,9 𝑐𝑚)

(5 𝑐𝑚)2 (5 𝑐𝑚)2
𝑏𝑛 (𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸) = 30,5 𝑐𝑚 − (2)(2,54 𝑐𝑚) + + = 24,98 𝑐𝑚
4(5,9 𝑐𝑚) 4(6 𝑐𝑚)
 𝑏𝑛 (𝐴𝐵𝐷𝐸) = 30,5 𝑐𝑚 − (2)(2,54 𝑐𝑚) = 25,42 𝑐𝑚

𝑏𝑛
𝑏𝑛 = 24,98 𝑐𝑚

𝐴𝑛 = 𝐴𝑔 − 𝑑𝑡𝑤 + 𝑏𝑛 𝑡𝑤

𝐴𝑛 = 56,9 𝑐𝑚2 − (30,5 𝑐𝑚)(1,3 𝑐𝑚) + (24,98 𝑐𝑚)(1,3 𝑐𝑚)

𝐴𝑛 = 49,73 𝑐𝑚2

𝑈 = 0,85

𝐴𝑒 = 𝑈𝐴𝑛

𝐴𝑒 : Á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎

𝑈: 𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 á𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑜)

𝐴𝑒 = (49,73 𝑐𝑚2 )(0,85) = 42,27 𝑐𝑚2

𝑘𝑔
𝑇𝑛 = (𝐴𝑒 )(𝐹𝑢 ) = (42,27 𝑐𝑚2 ) (4.570 ) = 193.157,87 𝑘𝑔
𝑐𝑚2

𝑇𝑛 = 193,16 𝑇𝑜𝑛
 𝑏𝑛 = 24,98 𝑐𝑚 + 5,00 𝑐𝑚 = 29,98 𝑐𝑚

𝐴𝑛 = (29,98 𝑐𝑚)(1,3 𝑐𝑚) = 38,98 𝑐𝑚2

𝑈 = 0,85

𝐴𝑒 = (0,85)(38,98 𝑐𝑚2 ) = 33,13 𝑐𝑚2

𝑘𝑔
𝑇𝑛 = (33,13 𝑐𝑚2 ) (4.080 ) = 135.166,29 𝑘𝑔
𝑐𝑚2

𝑇𝑛 = 135,17 𝑇𝑜𝑛

𝑇𝑛 =
135,17 𝑇𝑜𝑛

𝑇𝑛 = 0,6𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑛𝑣 + 𝑈𝑏𝑠 𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑛𝑡 ≤ 0,6𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑔𝑣 + 𝑈𝑏𝑠 𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑛𝑡

 𝐴𝑔𝑣 = 𝐿𝑣 ∗ 𝑡𝑤

𝐴𝑔𝑣 = (24 𝑐𝑚)(1,3 𝑐𝑚)

𝐴𝑔𝑣 = 31,2 𝑐𝑚2

𝐴𝑛𝑣 = 𝐴𝑔𝑣 − 𝑛 ∗ 𝑑𝑎 ∗ 𝑡𝑤

𝐴𝑛𝑣 = 𝐴𝑔𝑣 − 2,5 (𝑑𝐵𝐴𝑅𝑅 )(𝑡𝑤 )

𝐴𝑛𝑣 = 31,20 𝑐𝑚2 − 2,5(2,54 𝑐𝑚)(1,3 𝑐𝑚)

𝐴𝑛𝑣 = 22,95 𝑐𝑚2

𝐴𝑛𝑡 = 𝑏𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑤 + 𝐴𝑓

𝐴𝑔 − ℎ ∗ 𝑡𝑤
𝐴𝑓 =
2

𝑠2
𝑏𝑛 = ℎ − 𝑛 ∗ 𝑑𝑎 + ∑
4𝑔

(5 𝑐𝑚)2 (5 𝑐𝑚)2
bnt (EBFG) = 21,2 cm − 2,5(2,54 cm) + + = 16,95 cm
4(5,9 𝑐𝑚) 4(6 𝑐𝑚)

(5 𝑐𝑚)2
bnt (EBC) = 21,2 cm − 1,5(2,54 cm) + = 18,45 cm
4(5,9 𝑐𝑚)

bnt (EFG) = 21,2 cm − 1,5(2,54 cm) = 17,39 cm

 bu =
16,95 cm

Ag − d t w
Af =
2

56,9 cm2 − (30,5 cm)(1,3 cm)

Af = = 8,63 cm2
2

Ant = (16,95 cm)(1,3 cm) + 8,63 cm2

Ant = 30,66 cm2

𝑇𝑛 = 0.6𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑛𝑣 + 𝑈𝑏𝑠 𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑛𝑡 ≤ 0.6𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑔𝑣 + 𝑈𝑏𝑠 𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑛𝑡

𝑘𝑔 2)
𝑘𝑔
0,6 (4.975 ) (22,95 𝑐𝑚 + (1,0) (4.920 ) (30,66 𝑐𝑚2 )
𝑐𝑚2 𝑐𝑚2

𝑘𝑔 2)
𝑘𝑔
0,6 (3.680 ) (31,20 𝑐𝑚 + (1,0) (4.975 ) (30,66 𝑐𝑚2 )
𝑐𝑚2 𝑐𝑚2

Tn = 203,037,26 kg ≤ 205.922,87 kg

Tn = 203,04 Ton

𝐾𝑥 𝐿 (2)(450 𝑐𝑚)
= = 56,96
𝑟𝑥 (15,8 𝑐𝑚)

𝐾𝑦 𝐿 (2)(450 𝑐𝑚)
= = 94,74
𝑟𝑦 (9,5 𝑐𝑚)
 𝜋2𝐸 𝜋 2 (2.039.000 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚2 )
𝐹𝑒 = = = 2.242,08 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚3
𝐾 𝐿 2 (94,71)2
( 𝑟𝑥 )
𝑥

𝐹𝑦 3.515 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚2
𝜆𝑐 = √ = √ = 1,25
𝐹𝑒 2.242,08 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚2

𝜆𝑐 < 1,5

2 2
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = (0.658𝜆𝑐 ) 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = (0.6581,25 )(3,515) = 1.827,69 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚2

𝑃𝑛 = 𝐴𝑔 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 227,8 𝑐𝑚2 ∗ 1.827,69 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚2 = 416.348,50 𝑘𝑔

𝜙𝑐 = 0.90

𝜙𝑐 𝑃𝑛 = 0.90 ∗ 416,35 𝑡𝑜𝑛 = 374,72 𝑡𝑜𝑛

 374,72 𝑡𝑜𝑛
𝑃𝑎 = = 267,65 𝑡𝑜𝑛
1,4

𝑊𝑢 = 1,2𝑊𝐷 + 1,6𝑊𝐿

𝑊𝑢 = 1,2(350 𝑘𝑔/𝑚) + 1,6(500 𝑘𝑔/𝑚)

𝑊𝑢 = 1.220 𝑘𝑔/𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿2
𝑀𝑢 =
8

(1.220)(8)2 𝑘𝑔
𝑀𝑢 = = 9.760
8 𝑚

𝑀𝑢
𝑍𝑥𝑥 ≥
𝜙𝑏 𝑓𝑦

(976.000)
𝑍𝑥𝑥 ≥
(0,9)(3.515)

𝑍𝑥𝑥 ≥ 308,52 𝑐𝑚3

 𝐿𝑏 = 400 𝑐𝑚

𝐸
𝐿𝑝 = 1,76𝑟𝑦𝑦 √
𝐹𝑦

2
𝐸 𝐽𝑐 0,7𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥𝑥 ℎ0
𝐿𝑟 = 1,95𝑟𝑇 √ √1 + √1 + 6,76 [ ]
0,7𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥𝑥 ℎ0 𝐸𝐽𝑐

𝐿𝑏 ≤ 𝐿𝑝

𝑀𝑛 = 𝐹𝑦 𝑍𝑥𝑥

𝐿𝑝 < 𝐿𝑏 ≤ 𝐿𝑟

𝐿𝑏 − 𝐿𝑝
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶𝑏 [𝑀𝑝 − (𝑀𝑝 − 0,7𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥𝑥 ) ( )] ≤ 𝑀𝑝
𝐿𝑟 − 𝐿𝑝

𝐿𝑟 < 𝐿𝑏

𝑀𝑛 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝑆𝑥𝑥 ≤ 𝑀𝑝
 𝐶𝑏 𝜋 2 𝐸 𝐽𝑐 𝐿𝑏
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = √1 + 0,078 ( )
𝐿 𝑆𝑥𝑥 ℎ0 𝑟𝑇
( 𝑟𝑏 ) 2
𝑡

2.039.000
𝐿𝑝 = 1,76(3,5)√ = 148,36
3.515

𝐿𝑟

2
2.039.000 (16,6)(1) 0,7 ∗ (3.515)(457)(25,08)
= 1,95(3,9) √ √1 + √1 + 6,76 [ ]
0,7(3.515) (457)(25,08) (2.039.000)(16.6)(1)

𝐿𝑟 = 6.302,21√0.00145√1 + √1 + 4,693

𝐿𝑟 = (6.302,21)(0,038)(1,84) = 441,57

𝐿𝑝 < 𝐿𝑏 < 𝐿𝑟

𝐿𝑏 − 𝐿𝑝
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶𝑏 [𝑀𝑝 − (𝑀𝑝 − 0,7𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥𝑥 ) ( )] ≤ 𝑀𝑝
𝐿𝑟 − 𝐿𝑝
𝐶𝑏

𝐶𝑏 = 1,3

𝐸
𝜆𝑝𝑓 = 0,38√
𝐹𝑦

𝜆𝑝𝑓 = 9,15

𝑏𝑓
< 𝜆𝑝𝑓
2𝑡𝑓

6,6 < 9,15

 𝐸
𝜆𝑝𝑤 = 3,76√
𝐹𝑦

𝜆𝑝𝑤 = 90,56

𝑑
< 𝜆𝑝𝑤
𝑡𝑤

39,7 < 90,56

𝐿𝑏 − 𝐿𝑝
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶𝑏 [𝑀𝑝 − (𝑀𝑝 − 0,7𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥𝑥 ) ( )] ≤ 𝑀𝑝
𝐿𝑟 − 𝐿𝑝

𝑀𝑝 = 𝐹𝑦 𝑍𝑥𝑥

𝑀𝑝 = (3.515)(513) = 1.803.195 𝑘𝑔 ∗ 𝑐𝑚

𝑀𝑝 = 18,03 𝑡𝑜𝑛 ∗ 𝑚

0,7𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥𝑥 = (0,7)(3.515)(457) = 1.124.448 𝑘𝑔 ∗ 𝑐𝑚

0,7𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥𝑥 = 11,24 𝑡𝑜𝑛 ∗ 𝑚

400 − 148,36
𝑀𝑛 = (1,3) [18,03 − (18,03 − 11,24) [ ]] ≤ 18,03 𝑡𝑜𝑛 ∗ 𝑚
441,57 − 148,36

𝑀𝑛 = 15,86 𝑡𝑜𝑛 ∗ 𝑚

𝜙𝑏 𝑀𝑛 ≥ 𝑀𝑢

(0,9)(15,86) ≥ 9,8

14,274 ≥ 9,8
 𝑉𝑛 = 0,6𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣

𝐴𝑤 = (𝑑 − 2𝑡𝑓 )𝑡𝑤

𝑉𝑛 = (0,6)(3.515)(23.96)(0.66)(1.0)

𝑉𝑛 = 33.350,88 𝑘𝑔

𝑉𝑛 = 33,35 𝑡𝑜𝑛

𝜙𝑣 𝑉𝑛 = 30,015 𝑡𝑜𝑛

𝑊𝑢 𝐿
𝑉𝑢 =
2

(1.220)(8)
𝑉𝑢 = = 4.880 𝑘𝑔
2

𝑉𝑢 = 4,88 𝑡𝑜𝑛

𝐿
Δ𝑎 =
360

800
Δ𝑎 = = 2,22 𝑐𝑚
360

5𝑊𝑠 𝐿4
Δ𝐸 =
384𝐸𝐼𝑥𝑥
 5(5,50)(800)4
Δ𝐸 =
384(2.039.000)(5.994)

Δ𝐸 = 2,4 𝑐𝑚

𝐼𝑥𝑥 = 8,491 𝑐𝑚4

5(5,50)(800)4
Δ𝐸 =
384(2.039.000)(9.906)

Δ𝐸 = 1,69 𝑐𝑚