CE 401 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

LECTURE 12: FOOTING DESIGN

Yaip K Telue
BEng, BEng(Hons2A), PhD(QUT)
MIE(Aust), MIE(PNG)

Professor and Head Department of Civil Engineering

PNG Unitech
LECTURE 12: DESIGN OF FOOTINGS

Footing design in these notes are undertaken as per AS 3600 and the Concrete Designers Handbook (published
by the Cement and Concrete Association of Australia (C&CAA)-now renamed the Australian Conrete Institute).
The student is advised to consult chapter 8 of the above reference to understand the theory on the design of
footings. In these notes only the examples relating to strip footings are presented. The design process is as shown
in the Flow chart in Figure 6-8.
LECTURE 12: DESIGN OF FOOTINGS

An example of a footing design is presented below in order to understand the design steps involved in their
design.

1.1.1 FOOTING DESIGN EXAMPLE

A square footing carries a dead load of 500 kN including self weight of the footing (un-factored) and 300 kN of
live load (un-factored). Design a suitable isolated square footing for the 400 mm square column if the allowable
bearing pressure of the soil is 200 kPa. The concrete shall have a minimum f’c of 32 MPa and cover to the
reinforcement shall be 65 mm. N bars (grade 500) shall be used to reinforce the footing. Draw a neat sketch
showing the reinforcement in the footing. (Please use load factors of 1.2 for Dead Load and 1.5 for Live Load).
(CE 302 Examination Question-2007)
LECTURE 12: DESIGN OF FOOTINGS

P*

f ’c = 32 MPa
D =??

Cover = 65 mm
Fsy = 500 MPa

L = ??
Section A-A

P* = 500 (DL) x 1.2 + 300 (LL) x 1.5 = 600 + 450 = 1050 kN

Depth (2 Marks)

From Chart 8.6 and N* = 1050 kN, Cw = 400 mm f’c = 32 MPa and qa = 200 kPa

d ≈ 328 mm.

D = 328 + 20/2 (bar dia/2) + 65 (cover) = 403 mm.

Adopt D = 450 mm.

2. Plan Area (2 Marks)

P = 300 + 500 = 800 kN.

Area of footing, A = 800/200 = 4 m2

Assume square footing and adopt width = 2m x 2m.
LECTURE 12: DESIGN OF FOOTINGS
LECTURE 12: DESIGN OF FOOTINGS

3. Check Punching Shear. (5 Marks)

M v* = 0
D = 450 – 65 – 20/2 = 375 mm.

μ = (400 + 375) x 4 = 3100 mm

βh = 400/400 = 1.0

fcv = 0.17 x 3√ f’c = 0.51 √ f’c > 0.34 √ f’c

= 0.34√32 = 1.92 MPa

Vuo = 0.7 x (3100 x 375 x 1.92)

= 0.7 x 2232 = 1562.4 kN > N* = 1050 kN  OK.
LECTURE 12: DESIGN OF FOOTINGS
LECTURE 12: DESIGN OF FOOTINGS

P*
4. Flexural Reinforcement (Bending Capacity)
0.4 m
0.8 m 0.8 m

M* = 200 x 0.82 x 0.5 x 1.5 = 96 kNm (2 Marks)

d = 450 – 65 – (20/2) = 375 mm D =?

 kud ≤ 0.4  d and a ≤ 0.2  d ≈ 0.1d

 guess l  0.9 d = 0.9 x 418 = 376 mm

 = 0.8
Ast required /m = 96 x 106 / (0.8 x 333.9 x 500) = 719 mm2 /m (1 Mark)
q = 200 kPa
Try N20 bars at 200 centres.

Ast provided = 1570 mm2/m

Ast(min) = 1.4 /500 x 1000 x 375 = 1050 mm2/m < Ast provided OK. (2 Marks)
LECTURE 12: DESIGN OF FOOTINGS

Check N 20 at 200 centres, Ast provided = 1570 mm2/m

fsy = 500 MPa

T = 500 x 1570 x 10-3 = 785 kN

C= 785 kN
A = 785 x 103/(0.85 x 32) = 28 860 mm2

 kud = 28 860/1000 = 28.86 mm (2 Marks)

a = 28.86/2 = 14.43 mm

l = 375 – 14.43 = 360.6 mm

Mu (provided) = 785 x 0.3604 = 283 kNm

 = 0.85-0.007(32-28) = 0.822

 kud = 28.86 mm

 kud = 28.86/(0.822 x 375) = 0.09 < 0.4  OK. (2 Marks)

under-reinforced section OK

LECTURE 12: DESIGN OF FOOTINGS
Use N 20 bars at 200 centres at top and Bottom and in both directions, Ast provided = 1570 mm2/m

Vuc = 1 2 3 bv do (Ast . f’c/ (bv do)) 1/3 x 10-3 = 1.35 x 1000 x 375 x (1570 x 32/(1000 x 375)1/3
= 259 kN

 Vuc = 0.7 x 259 = 181.3 kN

1 = 1.1(1.6 -do/1000) = 1.35

2 = 1.0
3 = 1.0

At do : V* = (160 – 200 x 0.375) = 85 kN

Since V* = 85 kN < 0.5 x Vuc = 90.5 kN no shear reinforcement is required.

Note if 0.5 x Vuc < V* and D = 450 mm > 250 mm and b/2 = 500 mm > D, Cl. 8.2.5 (a) and (b), then, no shear
Reinforcement is required.

800 (Typ)
400
450 mm

N20 at 200 centres Top

and Bottom

2000 sq