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Introduction
▪ Before standard systems of measurement were invented,
many approximate units were used.
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Units
▪ Units of measurement define the definite magnitude of
physical quantity which adopt convention and law.
➢ e.g. Unit for physical quantity length is metre
➢Base units
➢Derived units
➢Supplementary units
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SYSTEMS OF UNITS
In the past, the systems of units most commonly used were
the English and metric.
The MKS and CGS systems draw their names from the units
of measurement used with each system; the MKS system
uses Meters, Kilograms, and Seconds, while the CGS
system uses Centimeters, Grams, and Seconds.
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Units
English
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SI System
• SI stands for System International Units, i.e. the International
System of Units. SI is the abbreviation used in all languages to
indicate the system.
• The SI is constructed from seven base units, which are defined
in physical terms.
• By combining these units in accordance with simple geometrical
and physical laws, we can arrive at the derived units.
• In principle, the SI covers all application areas, although certain
units outside SI are so useful that they are accepted for general use
together with the SI (e.g degree, hour, day, minute).
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Base Units (seven base units)
▪ Fundamental unit refers to quantity
NAME SYMBOL QUANTITY
Kilogram kg Mass
Second s Time
Meter m Length
Ampere A Electrical current
Kelvin K Temperature
Mole mol Amount of substance
Candela cd Luminous intensity
By combining these units in accordance with simple geometrical and
physical laws, we can arrive at the derived units.
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Derived Units
▪ Derivation/further ext./combination . unit of base unit
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SI Mechanical Units
▪ Unit of Force: Newton (N)
➢ Force which will give a mass of 1 kg an acceleration
of 1 meter per second.
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SI Mechanical Units
▪ Energy
➢ The capacity for doing work.
➢ Energy is measured in the same units as work.
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SI Electrical Units
▪ Voltage
➢ The potential difference between two points on a conductor
carrying a constant current of 1 ampere when the power
dissipated between these points is 1 watt.
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SI Electrical Units
▪ Resistance and Conductance
▪ Conductance is the reverse of resistance.
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Prefixes
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Dimensions
▪ Parameter or measurement
used to describe some relevant
characteristic of an object.
▪ Dimensions is describing the
size or spatial characteristic of
an object: length, width, and
height .
▪ Also for other physical
parameters such as the mass 3-Dimension of gear system
and electric charge of an object.
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Dimensions
▪ Example 1;
- Dimension of physical quantity SPEED is L/T (or in units
m/s, km/h, mph)
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Example
▪ Determine the dimensions of velocity, acceleration and
force.
▪ Solution:
▪ Velocity = length/time
[v] = [L]/[T] = [LT-1]
• Acceleration = velocity/time
[a] = [v]/[T] = [LT-1]/[T1] = [LT-2]
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