LEARNING MODULE IN SCIENCE 7

S.Y. 2020-2021
Lesson 2: Elements and Compounds
Submission:
September 28, 2020
Learning Objectives:
 Differentiate elements from compounds
 Describe some properties of metals and non-metals
 Investigate properties of acidic and basic substances
 Identify acidic and basic substances using indicators
 Follow safety precautions in handling corrosive substances found at home.

EXPLORE
In the previous chapter, you learned that mixtures may be heterogeneous or homogenous, and that
solutions are homogenous mixtures. Since the components of solutions cannot be easily identified, the
relative amount of each component may be expressed qualitatively and quantitatively.

Activity 1: Discovering Elements

Let us see how well you know about the different elements and its corresponding symbols. Put the name of the elements
and the symbols respectively.
1. Th – 6. Sg – 11. Dubnium –
2. Ce – 7. Nd – 12. Rhenium –
3. Ca – 8. Cf – 13. Gold –
4. Nb – 9. Ho – 14. Cobalt –
5. Bh – 10. Nh – 15. Barium –

In this chapter, you will discover another example of homogenous matter called pure substances, learn
about their properties, and know their classification. You will find answers to the following questions:
1. What makes substances like elements and compounds different from mixtures?
2. How do you know if a substance is an element or compound?

FIRM UP
In this section, we will go deeper with the concepts associated with elements and compounds.

Elements
A pure substance exhibits the following characteristic properties:
 cannot be separated into two or more substances by physical or mechanical means;
 homogenous (has uniform properties throughout the sample;
 has a constant chemical composition.
An element is a pure substance which cannot be broken down by chemical means, consisting of atoms which have identical
numbers of protons in their atomic nuclei. The number of protons in the nucleus is the defining property of an element, and is
referred to as the atomic number. In total, 118 elements have been identified. The first 94 occur naturally on Earth, and the
remaining 24 are synthetic elements produced in nuclear reactions. Save for unstable radioactive elements (radionuclides)
which decay quickly, nearly all of the elements are available industrially in varying amounts.
When different elements are combined, they may produce a chemical reaction and form into compounds due to chemical
bonds holding the constituent atoms together.

Origin of Names of Elements

Origin Name Symbol Basis
Pre-chemical Names Carbon C Carbonis(Greek)
Copper Cu Cuprum ( Latin)
Gold Au Aurum (Sanskrit)
Lead Pb Plumbum (uncertain)
Silver Ag Argentum (Latin)

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ABADA COLLEGE Mr. Jerry De Leon Taay
Marfrancisco, Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro Teacher
 LEARNING MODULE IN SCIENCE 7
S.Y. 2020-2021

Names of Celestial Bodies Cerium Ce Ceres (first asteroid discovered )

Helios (sun)
Helium He Neptune (planet)
Neptunium Np Pluto (planet)
Plutonium Pu Tellus (earth)
Tellurium Te

Names of mythological Arsenic As Arsenikus (brave male)

entities Cobalt Co Kobold (evil spirits)
Nickel Ni Nickel (devil)
Thorium Th Thor (the Norse god of war)
Tungsten W Wolfram (wolf)

Names of minerals/ores Aluminium Al Alumen (alum)

Boron B Borah (borax)
Calcium Ca Calx (chalk)
Fluorine F Fluor Lapis (fluorspar)
Silicon Si Sitex (flint, hard stone)

Names of color Cesium Cs Caesus (blusih gray)

Chlorine Cl Khloros (yellow green)
Indium In Indicum (indigo)
Iridium Ir Iris (violet)
Rhodium Rh Rhodon (rose)

Geographical names/ Americium Am Seaborg, Gheorso, and Thomson, et.

workplaces of discoveries Berkelium Bk al, University of California,
Californium Cf Berkeley, U.S.A.
Germanium Ge Winkler, Germany
Polonium Po Marie Curie (Poland)

Periodic Table of Elements

The periodic table of elements is a tool that aids you in identifying the physical and chemical properties of elements. The
rows or horizontal arrangement in the periodic table are called periods or series. The columns or vertical arrangement are
called groups or family.

Group Family Names

IA Alkali metals
IIA Alkaline earth metals
IIIA Boron family
IVA Carbon family
VA Nitrogen family or Pnictogens
VIA Oxygen family or Chalcogens
VIIA Halogen family
VIIIA Noble gases

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ABADA COLLEGE Mr. Jerry De Leon Taay
Marfrancisco, Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro Teacher
 LEARNING MODULE IN SCIENCE 7
S.Y. 2020-2021

Activity 2: Do the Research!

Directions: Research the topic indicated to the left column and answer the questions below, based on that topic. You can
use any references you want or anything that can be accessed.

Elements
1. Which element has a half-life of only 8 seconds?
Why?

2. What is the strongest metal on earth in terms of

tensile strength? Why?

3. What is the weakest metallic element in the

periodic table that floats on water? Why?

Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

Do you notice the heavy, ladder-like line that passes between B-Al, Al-Si, Si-Ge, Ge-
As, As-Sb, Sb-Te, Te-Po, and Po-At? This line is called Sanderson Line. It divides
metals from non-metals. The elements to the left of the Sanderson line are metals,
while those to the right of the line are nonmetals. Elements adjacent to the Sanderson
line are metalloids.
A metalloid is an element that has properties that are intermediate between those of
metals and nonmetals.  Metalloids can also be called semimetals. Silicon is a typical
metalloid. It has luster like a metal, but is brittle like a nonmetal. Silicon is used
extensively in computer chips and other electronics because its electrical conductivity is
in between that of a metal and a nonmetal.

Physical Properties of Metals and Nonmetals

Metals Nonmetals
Lustrous (shiny) Not lustrous (dull appearance)
Ductile (can be drawn into wires) Nonductile
Malleable (can be hammered into thin sheets) Brittle as solids
Good conductors of heat and electricity Poor conductors of heat and electricity
High melting point May be solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature
Usually solid (except mercury) at room temperature

Use of Metals and Nonmetals

Metals both in pure and compound form have extensive uses in industries, home, and other fields.

 copper and aluminum are used for carrying electrical currents;

 iron, aluminium, and copper are used to make utensils for cooking;
 chromium and nickel are used in electroplating;
 iron, chromium, and nickel are used to make stainless steel;
 silver, gold, and platinum are used in making jewelry

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ABADA COLLEGE Mr. Jerry De Leon Taay
Marfrancisco, Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro Teacher
 LEARNING MODULE IN SCIENCE 7
S.Y. 2020-2021
 sodium compounds are used in making soap, detergents;
 calcium compounds are used in making cement, bleaching powders, and Plaster of Paris.

Elements Essential to Life

1. Bulk or structural elements – these are major components of molecules in the human body(hydrogen, carbon,
nitrogen, oxygen, and sulphur)

2. Macrominerals – these are nutritionally important elements that are required in amounts greater than 100 mg per day
(sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chlorine, and phosphorous)

3. Trace elements – these are elements needed by the body in very small amounts but with large effect on the human
body (iron, zinc, copper)

Activity 3: Check Your Understanding

Answer the following questions and statement. Put your answer on a separate sheet.
1. What is the operational definition of an element?
2. How will you prove that an element is a homogenous substance?
3. What are metalloids? Give some examples.
Compounds
4. Identify five metals and two non-metals found at home and give their uses.

Do all sugar crystals look the same? Do they taste the same? If your answer is yes, you
can infer that its properties are uniform, therefore, it is homogenous. Compounds and
elements are homogenous substances.
What makes a compound different from elements? From the previous lesson, you learned
that elements cannot be broken down into simpler components. In contrast, compounds
can be chemically separated into their component elements. An example of a compound is
sugar, which is composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.

Acids, Bases, and Salts

An acid is a compound that exhibits the following properties:
 tastes sour
 reacts with some metals
 changes blue litmus paper to red
 reacts with base to form salt
 reacts with some metals to produce hydrogen gas
A base is a compound that exhibits the following properties:
 has a bitter and biting taste
 has a slippery, soapy feeling
 changes red litmus paper to blue
 reacts with acids to form salt
 very few react with metals
A salt is a product of the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base.

Activity 4: A SEEd and BaSEEs!

Instruction: Observe and list down five acids and five bases that you can find at your home. State the functions of these
compounds.
ACIDS FUNCTIONS

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ABADA COLLEGE Mr. Jerry De Leon Taay
Marfrancisco, Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro Teacher
 LEARNING MODULE IN SCIENCE 7
S.Y. 2020-2021

BASES

Handling Acids and Bases

Strong acids and bases can be corrosive to human tissues. Safety precautions should be practiced when handling the
chemicals in the laboratory.
1. Use hand protection (gloves) appropriate for acid or bases.
2. Wear safety glasses or goggles.
3. Wear a laboratory gown.
4. If an acid or a base enters your eyes or comes in contact with any part of your body, flush
the affected part with plenty of water then go to the clinic at once.
5. Dispose these chemicals properly.

Activity 5: Inspect!
Instruction: Collect the labels of common acids and bases found at home. Find out if there are hazard symbols or special
instructions on how to handle these chemicals. Specify the product and write them all on the sheet provided with this
module.

Neutralization Reaction - is the process of combining an acid and a base. It is the principle involved when a person with
hyperacidity takes an antacid like aluminium hydroxide.

Indicator – is a substance that exhibits on color when added to acids and another color when added to bases.
pH Value – measures the acidity or basicity of a substance

The pH scale ranges from 0 to14. A neutral solution has a pH equal to 7. A pH value lower than 7 indicates that the
solution is acidic, while a pH value higher 7 means the solution is basic.

Activity 6: Gumamela As Indicator

Objectives
1. Prepare a vegetable indicator
2. Identify the acidic or basic character of the substance
3. Infer the appropriate pH value of the substance based on color change or the indicator
4. Demonstrate proper techniques in handling materials.
Materials

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ABADA COLLEGE Mr. Jerry De Leon Taay
Marfrancisco, Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro Teacher
 LEARNING MODULE IN SCIENCE 7
S.Y. 2020-2021
Transparent glass (any kind) Acid
Caserole (cooking equipment) vinegar, lemon, sprite,
Gumamela flower water
Water Base
baking soda, bleach, cleaning soap
Procedure
1. Put the acids and bases into separate container (glass) and set aside.
2. Obtain gumamela flowers of the same color (preferably red).
You can also use eggplant skin, mayana leaves, or violet-colored camote leaves.
3. Boil in enough water for 15 minutes.
4. Filter the mixture after boiling and keep the filtrate. You may now use this as an acid-base indicator.
5. Arrange the solutions from its acidity and basicity. You may refer to the pH scale provided above.
6. Add 5 to 10 drops of the indicator to the household solutions that need to be tested.
7. Share your results on a separate paper.

Note. You may take a photo of the result of your experimentation and send it to me if you have the equipment and the access. If you
don’t have one, it is not a problem because I can trace your experiments base from the results you will state on a separate sheet of
paper. Follow the format of the results below.

DATA AND RESULTS

Solutions Appearance Color Approximate pH Value
Vinegar
Lemon
Sprite
Baking soda
Bleach
Cleaning soap
Water

CONCLUSION
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

DEEPEN
Activity 7: If I Were A..?

1. Choose any element from the Periodic

Table. Pretend you are this element for
the remaining questions.
2. How many electrons, protons, and
neutrons do you have?
____________________
Element’s Name
_______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

3. How are you used commercially (in _______________________________________________________

the business world)?

_______________________________________________________
4. At what temperature do you:
Boil? Melt? _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________
5. On what date were you discovered?
Who discovered you? _______________________________________________________

6
ABADA COLLEGE Mr. Jerry De Leon Taay
Marfrancisco, Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro Teacher
 LEARNING MODULE IN SCIENCE 7
S.Y. 2020-2021

Activity 8: Reading Comprehension Worksheet

Compound & Elements

The 100 plus elements are the "alphabet" of matter because every tangible material is a combinations of these elements.
The elements are categorized as: Metals, Non-Metals, Metalloids, Noble Gases
This main categorization is based on the electrical attributes of the elements. Some elements tend to "lose" an electron,
and become postively charged. (These are the metals), Other elements tend to "acquire" an electron, and become
negatively charged, (the non metals). The third group, (metalloids), fall in between these two extremes. And the Noble
Gas category is "unelectrical" -- displays no interest in either acquiring and losing an electron, but unlike te metalloids
who can be "persuaded" one way or the other -- the noble ones simply don't engage.
Since chemical reaction and chemical bonding are electrical in nature, it so happens that members of a certain category
can substitute for another member and thereby create a combination which is slightly different, but generally similar. Say
then that by carefully chosing a replacement element in a chemical compound, it is possible to "engineer" a desired slight
change in the nature of the compound. This used to be the art, and now is the science of chemistry.

Answer the following questions based from the information above. Write your answer on a separate sheet being provided.
1. Which elements are likely to lose electrons?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which elements are likely to gain electrons?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Which type of element is likely to have no electrical charge at all?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. How does knowing a great deal about the property of certain elements help us as humans?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

TRANSFER
Activity 9: Elements on Board
For your performance task, you will be making a 3D model of periodic table of elements on 1/8 illustration board.
You can use any recyclable materials you have at your home. Your project will be evaluated through the rubrics provided
below.

Deadline: September 30, 2020

Note: Seek first for parent’s permission before using any materials at your home.

Here is an example of a periodic table of elements model.

7
ABADA COLLEGE Mr. Jerry De Leon Taay
Marfrancisco, Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro Teacher
 LEARNING MODULE IN SCIENCE 7
S.Y. 2020-2021

Rubric for 3D Model

Criteria Excellent Satisfactorily Fair Poor
(4points) (3points) (2points) (1point)

Accuracy All concepts and

connections present Most concepts and
are correct and connections shown are Many factual errors Concepts have no
accurately described. accurate. A few concepts exist such as connection and the
may be off-base. concepts connected data are all
inappropriately. incorrect.
Completeness Captures the entire Essential elements of the Omits one or more The concept map
scope of the problem situation are present. It major concepts or contains no
being presented captures the right concept. connections. connection and
including all required data.
concepts.

Design and Model is neat and well Model has design flaws. Model has minor Model has many
Materials designed. Choice of Choice of materials is design flaws. Some design flaws.
materials is well suited appropriate for the model. of the materials does Choice of
for the model. not suit model. materials does not
suit the model.

Labeling Labeled correctly and Labeled correctly: the The note card was There were no
Accuracy excellently: the name name of the element, present with some labels and the
of the element, chemical symbol, atomic labelled information, symbols are
chemical symbol, number, and atomic mass. but not all. Parts that incorrect.
atomic number, and were missing may
atomic mass. have included: the
name of the element,
chemical symbol,
atomic number, and
atomic mass.

Model Creativity Project is excellently Project is unique. It shows Project has many Project appears
done. It is neatly creativity and similar components forced.
crafted and orhanized. organization. as other presentation. Components are
strange and do not
serve any purpose.

References
You and the Natural World 7 by: Teresita Religioso,8Vengco and Cordero-Navaza
ABADA COLLEGE Mr. Jerry De Leon Taay
Marfrancisco, Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro Teacher
Science Links 7 by: Estrellita Madriaga, Valdoz, Aquino, and Apolinario