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1. Two plates are connected with G4.6 grade bolts of 20 mm diameter as shown in Figure. Find the
efficiency of the joint. The yield and ultimate strength of plate are 250MPa and 410MPa
respectively.
20 mm
180 mm
Solution:
T dn = 0.9 A n f n /γ mn
A n = Net area Available
= 20 ( 180 – 3x22)
= 2280 mm2
Therefore T dn = 2280 x 0.9 x 410 / 1.25 = 673.056 kN
b. Strength of the bolt in the joint against single shear (Shear plane through unthreaded part)
fu ∏ d 2
Vnsb =
3 4
= (400/ √3)(22/7*1/4*20 )
2
= 56.59 kN
Strength of joint in shear due to all bolts = P s = 6 x 56.59 = 339.54 kN
Page 1 of 16
c. Strength of the bolt in the joint against bearing
V npb = 2.5 k b d t f u
p 60
= − 0.25 = − 0.25 = 0.66 (min. pitch = 2.5d o =55mm, say 60mm)
3do 3x 22
fub 400
= = = 0.975
fu 410
=1
673
Efficiency = x100 = 82.25 %
818.18
2. Two plates of 16 mm thick are to be joined using M20 bolts of grade 4.6 by
1. Lap joint and 2. Butt joint using 10 mm, two cover plates. Determine the bolt value.
1. Lap joint :
16 mm plates
f 0.78∏ d 2
x ub
1
Design shear strength of the bolt =
1.25 3 4
Page 2 of 16
Design strength of bolt in bearing = V npb = 2.5 k b d t f u
k b is the least of
e
= = 40/ (3x22) = 0.606
3do
p 60
= − 0.25 = − 0.25 = 0.66
3do 3x 22
fub 400
= = = 0.975
fu 410
=1
Therefore K b = 0.606
2. Butt Joint :
10 mm cover plate
16mm
f ub 1.78∏ d 2
Design shear strength of the bolt = / 1.25 = 103.31 kN
3 4
Page 3 of 16
(Since, one plate is connected in the threaded region where as another is through unthreaded. That is
double shear.)
Gusset plate
k b is the least of
e
= = 35/ (3x18) = 0.648
3do
p 45
= − 0.25 = − 0.25 = 0.584
3do 3 x18
Page 4 of 16
fub 400
= = = 0.975
fu 410
=1
Therefore k b = 0.584
200
No of bolts required = = 3.48 = Say 4 bolts.
57.52
5.An angle section of a truss with 8 mm thick carries 120kN to a gusset plate of 10 mm thick
using lap joint by M20 bolt of 4.6 grade. Find number of bolts.
f 0.78∏ d 2
x ub
1
Design shear strength of the bolt = = 45.26 kN
1.25 3 4
k b is the least of
p 60
= − 0.25 = − 0.25 = 0.66
3do 3x 22
fub 400
= = = 0.975
fu 410
=1
Therefore K b = 0.606
Page 5 of 16
120
No of Bolts required = =3 bolts should be provided.
45.26
6. A bracket connected to a column loaded as shown in fig. if M20 bolt of 4.6 grade are used. Determine
the value of factored load ‘p’ which can be carried safely.
250mm
60 AA
80
80 10mm plate
60
60 60 ISMC 300
For M 20 bolts d = 20 mm
do = 22 mm
fu = 410 N/mm2
f 0.78∏ d 2
x ub
1
Design strength of the bolt = = 45.26 kN
1.25 3 4
k b is the least of
Page 6 of 16
e
= = 40/ (3x22) = 0.606
3do
p 60
= − 0.25 = − 0.25 = 0.66
3do 3 x 22
fub 400
= = = 0.975
fu 410
=1
Therefore K b = 0.606
Design strength = 2.5 k b d t f u /1.25 = 2.5 x 0.606 x 20 x 10 x 410 / 1.25 x 10-3 = 99.384 kN
P
Direct shear force on the farthest bolt = F 1 = = 0.2 P
5
(since ∑𝑟 2 = 4x1002)
Per Px 250x100
We know that F 2 = = = 0.625P
∑r 2
40000 F2
F1
α
Considering bolt A-A,
F1 = 0.2 P
rmax
80mm
F2 = 0.625P α
Therefore cosα = 0.6 CG 60mm
Page 7 of 16
7. A Bracket is bolted to a flange of a column ISHB 300 @ 577 N/m as shown in the figure.
Determine the Maximum value of P (factored load) which can be carried safely.
350 mm
2
8 mm plate
1
50
25
ISHB 300
80 90 80
Solution:
For M 20 bolts d = 20 mm
do = 22 mm
f ub = 400 N/mm2
fu = 410 N/mm2
Page 8 of 16
Bolt value is given as,
f 0.78∏ d 2
x ub
1
Design strength of the bolt = = 45.26 kN
1.25 3 4
k b is the least of (from the figure, pitch and edge distance are taken)
e
= = 25/ (3x22) = 0.378
3do
p 80
= − 0.25 = − 0.25 = 0.507
3do 3x 22
fub 400
= = = 0.97
fu 410
=1
Therefore K b = 0.378
P
Direct shear force on the farthest bolt (A) = F 1 = = 0.042 P
24
F R = 0.135P
» P = 333.8 kN.
Page 9 of 16
8. A bracket is bolted to flange of a column as shown using 8mm thick gusset plate. Use M 20 of
grade 4.6 design the connections.
300 kN
350 mm
Solution:
do = 22 mm
f ub = 400 N/mm2
fu = 410 N/mm2
e = 40mm say
p = 60mm say
f 0.78∏ d 2
x ub
1
Design strength of the bolt = = 45.26 kN
1.25 3 4
k b is the least of
e
= = 40/ (3x22) = 0.606
3do
Page 10 of 16
p 60
= − 0.25 = − 0.25 = 0.66
3do 3x 22
fub 400
= = = 0.975
fu 410
=1
6𝑀
We know that e=�
2𝑣𝑝
6 𝑥 350 𝑥 300
=�
2 𝑥 45.26 𝑥 60
∑𝑟 2 = 4[3302+2702+2102+1502+902+302+6(702)]
∑𝑟 2 = 1147200 mm2
P 300
And also F 1 = = = 12.5
n 24
70
Cosα =
337.34
Therefore Ok.
Page 11 of 16
9. Determine the shear capacity of the bolt used in connecting 2 plates as shown. Slip resistance
is designed at the service loads. Use HSFG bolts of 8.8 grade µ f =0.3, d= 20mm.
40 65 40 40 65 40
F ub = 800MPa
F y = 0.8x800 = 640MPa
1
Design Strength of HSFG bolt = x µf x ne x kn x fo
1.1
Here, µ f = 0.3
ne = 2
K n = 1 (Assumed)
F o = A nb x f o
∏ 2
= 0.78 x d x 0.7 x 800 = 137.2 kN
4
1
Therefore strength = x 0.3 x 2 x 1x 137.2 = 74.85 kN
1.1
10. Design the bolted connection between the flange of a column ISHB 450 at 907 N/m and a
bracket plate 15mm thick. The bracket plate is supporting a load of 150 kN at an eccentricity of
350mm. Adopt 20 dia HSFG bolts of grade 8.8 consider µ f =0.3
Page 12 of 16
From the steel table, for ISHB 450,
Thickness = t f = 13.7 mm
350
1
Strength of the bolt = x µf x ne x kn x fo
1.1
K n = 1 (Assumed)
F o = A nb x f o
∏ 2
= 0.78 x d x 0.7 x 800 = 137.2
4
1
Therefore strength = x 0.3 x 1 x 1x 137.2 = 37.425 kN
1.1
4
No. of bolts required in each row is 3
2
6𝑀
= �2𝑣𝑝 1
6 𝑥 150 𝑥 350
= �2 𝑥 37.42 𝑥 60
45 140 45
∑𝑟 2 = {(702+2402) + (702+1802) + (702+1202) + (702+602) +702= 132500mm2.
Page 13 of 16
11. Design a suitable longitudinal fillet weld to connect 2 plates as shown in figure for the full
strength of smaller plate.
120mm 180mm
120mm P
S=10mm
12mm thick
16mmthick plate
Solution.
Ag . fy 120 x 12 x 240
Strength of the plate (due to shear) = = = 314.18 kN ------- i
γ m 1.1
Let the normal throat thickness of weld = 0.7(size of weld, S) = 0.7x10 = 7mm
fu 1
Design Strength of the weld = x x Area of weld ------ ii
3 1.25
410 1
= x x L w x 7 = 314180
3 1.25
That is L w = 237 mm
Therefore provide 10mm thick weld of length 120mm on either side as shown.
Note: The lap can be reduced by providing welds on 3 or 4 sides. For four side welding using
S=6 or 7 mm, suitable lap can be provided.
Page 14 of 16
12. A tie member of a roof truss 2ISA 100x75x8 mm has to resist a factored force of 300kN.
Design the welded connection if 8mm thick gusset plate is used for connection. The connection is
made at the fabricators shop.
135 mm
59 mm 2-ISA 100x75x8
2-ISA 100x75x8
Gusset plate
Sol:
Near the square edge 1.5 mm less than 8mm = 8-1.5 = 6.5mm
fu 1
Strength of weld per unit length = x
3 1.25
410 1
= x = 189.37 N
3 1.25
Therefore L w = 264mm
L 1 x 31 = 69L 2
69 L 2
L1= and L 1 + L 2 = 190mm
31
13. Design a suitable Plug weld to connect 2 plates as shown in figure for 100% efficiency.
10 mm
20
10
20 200 mm
10
Ag . fy 200 x 10 x 20
Strength of the plate by yielding = = = 454.54 kN
γ
mo 1.1
fu 1
Load taken by the weld = 0.7 S L x x
3 1.25
410 1
= 5.6 x 368 x x = 390.25 kN
3 1.25
To achieve 100% efficiency, slot welds are to be provided to resist a force of (454.54 – 390.25)
That is 64.29 kN.
fu 1 410 1
Strength of the weld/mm2 = = x = x = 189.37 N/mm2
3 1.25 3 1.25
64.29 x10 3
Area of slot = = 339.49 = 340 mm2
189.37
Page 16 of 16