1.

2. Single bolted double cover butt joint is used to connect two plates of 16 mm thick
at 60 mm pitch find the efficiency of the joint. The thickness of cover plate is
8mm. M16 bolt of grade 4.6 is used. Take edge distance as 40mm.

Efficiency of the joint = ( bolt value/ Strength of solid plate ) x 100

Strength of solid plate Tdg = Agfy/gmo

Area per pitch length = p.t

Ag = 16 x 60 = 960 mm2

Strength of solid plate Tdg = 960 ´250/1.1

= 218181 N= 218.18 kN

To find bolt value

Shear capacity of bolts in double shear

f ub (nn A nb+ ns A sb )
V dsb =
√ 3 . γ mb
For bolts in double shear nn =1 and ns = 1
π d2 π × 162
Anb =0.78× =0.78 × =156.75 mm2
4 4
π d 2 π ×16 2
A sb= = = 200.96 mm2
4 4

f ub ( nn Anb +n s A sb )
V dsb =
√3 . γ mb
400(1 ×156.75+1 ×200.96)
V dsb =
√ 3 ×1.25

Vdsb = 66087.5 N = 66.087 kN

Bearing capacity of bolt is given by

Vdpb = (2.5 kbfu .d.t)/gmb
d = diameter of the bolt
gmb = 1.25
t = thickness of plate (minimum) = 12 mm
diameter of bolt hole do = 16 + 2 = 18mm
pitch = p = 60 mm
edge distance e = 40 mm

kb is equal to minimum of the following four values

i) e/3do = 40/3x18 = 0.74
ii) p/3do – 0.25 = ( 60/3x18) - 0.25 = 0.861
iii) fub/fu = 400/410 = 0.97
iv) 1.0

\kb = 0.74

Bearing strength of one bolt =

Vdpb = (2.5 kbfu .d.t)/gmb = (2.5 x 0.74 x 410 x 16 x 16 )/1.25 = 174758 N
= 174.75 kN

Bolt value is minimum of Vdsb and Vdpb = 66.087 kN

Efficiency of the joint = ( bolt value/ Strength of solid plate ) x 100

= (66.087 / 218.18) x 100 = 30.3 %

3. Two plates 12mm and 18mm thick are connected by double cover butt joint
made of 8mm cover plate. Find the strength of the joint, if 6 numbers of M16
bolts of grade 4.6 and Fe410 plates are used on either sides of the joint in two
rows with pitch of 70 mm and edge distance of 40mm in both direction.

Solution :
To find the bolt capacity
For double cover butt joint, bolts are in double shear

Shear capacity of bolts in double shear

f ub (nn A nb+ ns A sb )
V dsb =
√ 3 . γ mb
For bolts in double shear nn =1 and ns = 1
π d2 π × 162
Anb =0.78× =0.78 × =156.75 mm2
4 4
π d 2 π ×16 2
A sb= = = 200.96 mm2
4 4

f ub ( nn Anb +n s A sb )
V dsb =
√3 . γ mb
 400(1 ×156.75+1 ×200.96)
V dsb =
√ 3 ×1.25

Vdsb = 66087.5 N = 66.087 kN

Shear strength of 6 bolts = 6 x66.087 = 396.526 kN

Bearing capacity of bolt is given by

Vdpb = (2.5 kbfu .d.t)/gmb
d = diameter of the bolt
gmb = 1.25
t = thickness of plate (minimum) = 12 mm
diameter of bolt hole do = 16 + 2 = 18mm
pitch = p = 70 mm
edge distance e = 40 mm

kb is equal to minimum of the following four values

i) e/3do = 40/3x18 = 0.74
ii) p/3do – 0.25 = ( 70/3x18) - 0.25 = 1.04
iii) fub/fu = 400/410 = 0.97
iv) 1.0

\kb = 0.74

Bearing strength for 6 no of bolts =

Vdpb = 6 x (2.5 kbfu .d.t)/gmb = 6 x (2.5 x 0.74 x 410 x 16 x 12 )/1.25 = 699033 N
= 699.03 kN

Strength of the joint = minimum of (Vdsb and Vdpb )

= minimum of (396.526 kN , 699.03 kN)

Strength of the joint = 396.526 kN
3 A bracket bolted to a vertical column is loaded as shown in Figure If M16 bolts of
grade 4.6 are used, Determine the maximum value of factored load P which can be
carried safely.

Solution :
Step 1:
Bearing strength of bolt is given by
R = 2.687 P

Equating Bolt value to resultant force on bolt R

R = Bolt value5
2.687 P = 28.296
\P = 28.296/2.687 = 10.53 kN
Answer : Safe factored load = 10.53 kN

4. Design a tension member to carry a factored force of 340 kN. Use 20 mm

diameter black bolts and a gusset plate of 8 mm thick.
Solution:

Step 1 calculate gross area of section required from the following expression:

Tdg = Ag fy/gmo

\ Ag = Tdg . gmo /fy = 340 x 1000 x 1.1 /250 = 1496 mm2

Add 20% area , Therefore total gross area of angle section needed
= 1496 + (20/100) x 1496 = 1795.2 mm2

Choose an unequal angle section with area closure to 17.95 cm2 from the steel table,

Try ISA 100 x 75 x12 with sectional area of 19.56 cm2

Step 2 : To design bolted joint - To find the bolt capacity

For M20 bolt , with lap joint , bolts are in single shear

Shear capacity of bolts in single shear

f ub (nn A nb+ ns A sb )
V dsb =
√ 3 . γ mb
For bolts in double shear nn =1 and ns = 0
π d2 π × 202
Anb =0.78× =0.78 × = 244.92 mm2
4 4
2 2
π d π ×20
A sb= = = 314 mm2
4 4

f ub ( nn Anb +n s A sb )
V dsb =
√3 . γ mb
400(1 ×244.92+ 0)
V dsb =
√ 3 ×1.25
 Vdsb = 45.25 kN

Bearing capacity of bolt is given by

Vdpb = (2.5 kbfu .d.t)/gmb
d = diameter of the bolt
gmb = 1.25
t = thickness of plate (minimum) = 8 mm
diameter of bolt hole do = 16 + 2 = 18mm
Assume pitch = p = 70 mm
edge distance e = 40 mm

kb is equal to minimum of the following four values

i) e/3do = 40/3x18 = 0.74
ii) p/3do – 0.25 = ( 70/3x18) - 0.25 = 1.04
iii) fub/fu = 400/410 = 0.97
iv) 1.0

\kb = 0.74

Bearing strength for 6 no of bolts =

Vdpb = (2.5 kbfu .d.t)/gmb = (2.5 x 0.74 x 410 x 20 x 8 )/1.25 = 97088N
= 97.09 kN

Bolt value = minimum of (Vdsb and Vdpb )

= minimum of (45.25 kN , 97.09 kN)

Bolt value = 45.25 kN
No bolts required = Tensile force/bolt value = 340/45.25 = 7.5 ( say 8 Nos)
Check for strength of the member in Block shear

Avg = (7 x 70 + 40 )12 = 6360 mm2

Avn = (7 x70 + 40 – 7.5x 22 ) x 12 = 4380 mm2
A
tg= 40 x 12 = 480 mm2
Atn = (40 -22/2) x 12 = 348 mm2

Tdb1 = 939.9 kN

Tdb2 = 957.4 kN

Strength in block shear = minimum of above two values = 939.9 kN > 340 kN Hence it is
safe in block shear.

5. A tie member 120mm x 10mm is to transmit a load of 150 kN. What is the length
of the fillet weld need to be provided to connect the plate with a gusset plate of
thickness 10 mm and calculate the necessary overlap.

Solution :
f uw
Total strength of the welded joint = ( L w . t e)
√3 . γ mw
Where fuw = 410 N/mm2
Lw = length of the weld
Assuming size of the weld as 5mm, s= 5 mm
Throat thickness te = 0.7 s = 0.7 x 5

410
150 x 103 = ( L w ×(0.7 ×5))
√3 × 1.25
\Lw = 226.31 mm

Actual length of weld required = Lw + 2s = 226.31 + 2 x 5 = 236 .31 (say 237 mm)

Let the plate is welded as shown in figure,

L

L
Then 2L = 237 mm
L = 237/2 = 118.5 mm
Length of overlap = 119 mm (say)
6.Calculate the efficiency of the lap joint shown in figure. Use M20 bolts of grade 4.6
and Fe410 plates.

Efficiency of the joint = ( bolt value/ Strength of solid plate ) x 100

Strength of solid plate Tdg = Agfy/gmo

Ag = 180 x 20 =3600 mm2

Strength of solid plate Tdg = 3600 ´250/1.1 = 818 kN

To find bolt value

For M20 bolt , with lap joint , bolts are in single shear

Shear capacity of bolts in single shear

f ub (nn A nb+ ns A sb )
V dsb =
√ 3 . γ mb
For bolts in double shear nn =1 and ns = 0
π d2 π × 202
Anb =0.78× =0.78 × = 244.92 mm2
4 4
π d 2 π ×202
A sb= = = 314 mm2
4 4

f ub ( nn Anb +n s A sb )
V dsb =
√3 . γ mb
400(1 ×244.92+ 0)
V dsb =
√ 3 ×1.25
Vdsb = 45.25 kN

Shear strength of 6 bolts = 6 x 45.25 = 271.5 kN

Bearing capacity of bolt is given by
Vdpb = (2.5 kbfu .d.t)/gmb
d = diameter of the bolt
gmb = 1.25
t = thickness of plate (minimum) = 20 mm
diameter of bolt hole do = 20 + 2 = 22 mm
Assume pitch = p = 70 mm
edge distance e = 40 mm
kb is equal to minimum of the following four values
i) e/3do = 40/3x22 = 0.606
ii) p/3do – 0.25 = ( 70/3x22) - 0.25 = 0.81
iii) fub/fu = 400/410 = 0.97
iv) 1.0

\kb = 0.606
Bearing strength for 6 no of bolts =
Vdpb = (2.5 kbfu .d.t)/gmb = 6 x (2.5 x 0.606 x 410 x 20 x 20 )/1.25 = 1192.6 kN

Bolt value = minimum of (Vdsb and Vdpb )

= minimum of (271.5 kN , 1192.6 kN)

Bolt value = 271.5kN
Efficiency of the joint = ( bolt value/ Strength of solid plate ) x 100
= (271.5/818 ) x 100 = 33.2%