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CONTROL VALVE First Edition ：10/2006

Operation
1. Operation with all spools in neutral position
(1) Neutral passage [Fig. 1] [Fig. 2]
Oil supplied from port P1 enters the tank passage [Ta] from neutral passage [L1], passing through the
throttle [Lc1] on the low pressure relief, and returns to ports T1, T2, T3, T5 and T6.
Oil supplied from port P2 passes through the tank passage [Ta] through neutral passage [R1], passing
through the restriction [Rc1] on the low pressure relief, and returns to ports T1, T2, T3, T5 and T6.
Pressures in the pressure chambers [L2] and [R2] located in the upstream of the low pressure relief are
directed to the pump through ports ps1 and ps2 and control the delivery volumes of pumps P1 and P2.
In addition, if a large amount of extra oil flows into the neutral passage, the low pressure relief mechanism
functions to prevent pressures on ports ps1 and ps2 from increasing abnormally.
(2) Signal passage [Fig. 2]
Oil supplied from port PP goes into port PT through throttle [Lc3]. It also flows into the tank passage [Ta]
through the land [Rc3], passing through the land [Lc4] and passage (5).
Part of the oil supplied from port PP goes into port PA through throttle [Lc5]. It also flows into the tank
passage [Ta] through the boom 1 spool land [Rc4], passing the passages [L4], (8) and [R4].
The oil that has passed through throttle [Lc6] flows into the tank passage [Ta] through the land [Lc7]. It also
passes through passage (4) and flows into the tank passage [Ta] through the travel spool land [Rc5].

[Fig. 1]

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Arm variable
regenerative throttle

[Fig. 2]

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Single Operation
1. Travel spool switching [Fig. 3] [Fig. 4]
When switching the travel spool by adding pressure through the pilot port Pb1 (Pa1) in travel (Section 1),
the oil supplied from port P1 flows into port B1 (A1) passing through the neck part of the spool via neutral
passage [L1]. The returning oil passes through the neck part of the spool via port A1 (B1) and returns to
the tank passage [Ta]. When switching the travel spool by adding pressure through pilot port Pb6 (Pa6) in
travel (Section 6), the oil supplied from port P2 flows into port B6 (A6) passing through the neck part of the
spool or passage [S6-1] via neutral passage [R1]. At this moment, because pressures on parallel
passages [R3] and [S6-1] are equal, the poppet [S6-2] does not open. The returning oil passes through
the neck part of the spool via port A6 (B6) and returns to the tank passage [Ta]. When switching only one
side of the spool in travel (Section 1 or 6), land [Lc4] or [Rc3] closes. Since the flow of oil supplied from
port PP to the tank passage is shut off, the pressure on port PT increases.

[Fig. 3]

[Fig. 4]

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2. Swing spool switching [Fig. 5]

When switching the swing spool by adding pressure through pilot port Pb2 (Pa2) in swing (Section 2), the
neutral passage [L1] closes. Oil supplied from port P1 passes from parallel passage [L3] through load
check valve [S2-1], passage [S2-2] and the neck part of the spool and flows into port B2 (A2). The
returning oil passes through the neck part of the spool via port A2 (B2) and returns to the tank passage
[Ta].

[Fig. 5]

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3. Boom spool switching

(1) Neutral Position [Fig. 6]
This valve has an anti-drift valve installed on the cylinder bottom side of boom 1. In the neutral position,
the poppet [AD1] is firmly seated by the pressure on port A7 that is directed to the spring chamber
[AD5] through the passage [AD2], spool [AD3] and passage [AD4].
(2) Boom-up (2-pump confluence) [Fig. 7]
When switching the boom 1 spool by adding pressure through pilot port Pa7 in boom 1 (Section 7), the
neutral passage [R1] closes. Oil supplied from port P2 passes through the parallel passage [R3], the
load check valve [S7-1] and the neck part of the spool and flows into port A7. When switching the boom
2 spool by also adding pressure through pilot port Pa3 in boom 2 (Section 3), the neutral passage [L1]
closes. Oil supplied from port P1 passes through the parallel passage [L3], the load check valve [S3-1],
the neck part of the spool and passage (6), and merges and flows into port A7. The returning oil
passes through the neck part of the spool via port B7 and returns to the tank passage [Ta].
(3) Boom-down (regeneration) [Fig. 8]
When switching the boom 1 spool by adding pressure through pilot port Pb7 in boom 1 (Section 7), the
neutral passage [R1] closes. Oil supplied from port P2 passes through the parallel passage [R3], the
load check valve [S7-1] and the neck part of the spool and flows into port B7. When switching the spool
[AD3] in the anti-drift valve by adding pressure to port pc2 and reducing the pressure in spring chamber
[AD5] at the same time, the poppet [AD1] opens and the returning oil from port A7 returns to tank
passage [Ta]. Part of the returning oil pushes open the poppet [S7-3] in boom 1 spool, passes through
the passage [S7-2] and merges into port B7 to prevent cavitation on the cylinder rod side.

[Fig. 6]

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[Fig. 7]

[Fig. 8]

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4. Backup spool switching [Fig. 9]

When switching the backup spool by adding pressure through pilot port Pb4 (Pa4) in backup (Section 4),
the neutral passage [L1] closes. Oil supplied from port P1 passes through the load check valve [S4-1], the
passage [S4-2] and the neck part of the spool through the parallel passage [L3] and flows into port B4
(A4). When switching the neutral cut spool [R] at the same time by adding pressure through port Pa
(Fig. 1), the oil supplied from port P2 passes through passage (11) and poppet [S4-3] to merge and flow
into passage [S4-2]. The returning oil passes through the neck part of the spool via port A4 (B4) and
returns to the tank passage [Ta].
5. Bucket spool switching [Fig. 10]
When switching the bucket spool by adding pressure through pilot port Pb8 (Pa8) in bucket (Section 8), the
neutral passage [R1] closes. Oil supplied from port P2 passes through the load check valve [S8-1], the
passage [S8-2] and the neck part of the spool through the parallel passage [R3] and flows into port B8
(A8). The returning oil passes through the neck part of the spool via port A8 (B8) and returns to the tank
passage [Ta].

[Fig. 9]

[Fig. 10]

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6. Arm spool switching

(1) Dump (2-pump confluence) [Fig. 11]
When switching the arm 1 spool by adding pressure through pilot port Pb5 in arm 1 (Section 5), the oil
supplied from port P1 flows into port B5 passing through the load check valve [S5-1], the passage [S5-
2] and the neck part of the spool via the neutral passage [L1]. When switching the arm 2 spool by also
adding pressure through pilot port Pb9 in arm 2 (Section 9), the oil supplied from port P2 passes
through the load check valve [S9-1], the passage [S9-2], the neck part of the spool and passage (10)
via the neutral passage [R1] to merge and flow into port B5. The returning oil passes through the neck
part of the spool via port A5 and returns to the tank passage [Ta].

[Fig. 11]

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(2) Crowd (2-pump confluence) [Fig. 12]

When switching the arm 1 spool by adding pressure through pilot port Pa5 in arm 1 (Section 5), the oil
supplied from port P1 flows into port A5 passing through the load check valve [S5-1], the passage [S5-
2] and the neck part of the spool via the neutral passage [L1]. When switching the arm 2 spool by also
adding pressure through pilot port Pa9 in arm 2 (Section 9), the oil supplied from port P2 passes
through the load check valve [S9-1], the passage [S9-2], the neck part of the spool and passage (9) via
the neutral passage [R1] to merge and flow into port A5. When switching the spool [AD3] in the anti-
drift valve by adding pressure to port pc1 and reducing the pressure in the spring chamber [AD5] at the
same time, the poppet [AD1] opens and the returning oil from port B5 passes through the neck part of
the spool, the passage [S5-3] and the arm variable regenerative throttle [Lc8] to return to tank passage
[Ta]. Part of the returning oil pushes open the poppet [S5-4] in arm 1 spool, passes through the
passage [S5-2] and merges into port A5 to accelerate the cylinder speeds. It also prevents the
cavitation on the bottom side.
(3) Variable regeneration (during crowding) [Fig. 13]
During arm crowding, the spool [S5-6] strokes according to the pressure at the passage [S5-2], which
was directed through the passage [S5-5], so the opening of arm variable regenerative throttle [Lc8]
changes accordingly. If the pressure at the passage [S5-2] is high, the stroke of spool [S5-6] increases
and the opening of throttle [Lc8] becomes larger. On the other hand, if the pressure at the passage [S5-
2] is low, the stroke of spool [S5-6] decreases and the opening of throttle [Lc8] becomes smaller. Thus,
the regenerating flow varies according to the bottom pressure on the arm cylinder.

[Fig. 12]

Arm variable
regenerative
throttle

[Fig. 13]

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7. Neutral cut spool switching [Fig. 14]

This valve has a neutral cut spool installed at the lowest stream of the neutral passage [R1] (at the upper
stream of the low-pressure relief valve).
When switching the neutral cut spool [R] by adding pressure to port Pa10, the neutral passage [R1]
closes.
Oil supplied from port P2 passes through passage (11), poppet [S4-3] (Fig. 10) and merges and flows into
passage [S4-2] in backup (Section 4).
8. Parallel throttle for arm [Fig. 14]
This valve’s parallel circuit for the arm has throttle valves installed in both arm 1 (Section 5) and arm 2
(Section 9). Consequently, the arm speeds are kept from slowing down even in combined operations.
The parallel circuit in arm 2 (Section 9) is connected with the passage [S9-2] (Fig. 12) after being
restricted by throttle [Rc6] at the end of poppet [S9-3] through parallel passage [R3].
The parallel circuit in arm 1 (Section 5) pushes open the poppet [S5-8] through parallel passage [L3] and
is connected with passage [S5-2] (Fig. 12) after being restricted by throttle [Lc9] in the parallel variable
throttle spool. The degree of restriction for throttle [Lc9] can be changed by adding pressure onto pilot
ports Pc4 and Pc5.

Arm parallel variable throttle

Arm parallel throttle

Neutral cut spool

[Fig. 14]

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9. Relief valve
(1) Main relief valve (Fig. 15)
Oil supplied from port P1 passes through the poppet [LP], and oil supplied from port P2 passes through
the poppet [RP] and passage (3). The two flows of oil are thus directed to the main relief valve. The
operation of the main relief valve regulates the maximum pressure on the P1 and P2 sides of the pump.
(2) Overload relief valve
In each cylinder port of boom 1, arm 1 and bucket, an overload relief valve is installed to prevent an
abnormal boost of pressure on the actuator due to external force.
This relief valve also prevents cavitations by drawing oil in from the tank when pressure on the cylinder
port becomes negative.

[Fig. 15]

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Combined Operations
1. Added operation with travel (Fig. 16)
If a task other than travel takes place during travel right/travel left movement (during forward/reverse or
pivot turning), or if travel right/travel left movement takes place while a task other than travel is being
performed, the oil supplied from port PP is shut off from the tank passage [Ta] at the signal land section
(other than travel) which has switched over to lands [Lc4], [Lc7], [Rc3] and [Rc5]. As the result, the
pressure in the signal passage will rise up to the set relief pressure, which is the source of oil pressure for
signals. A rise in signal pressure switches the straight travel spool. The pressures on port PT and PA also
increase. Once the straight travel spool is switched over, oil supplied from port P1 flows from the neutral
passage [L1] into travel (Section 1). It also passes through passage (2), the neck part of the straight travel
spool and neutral passage [R1] and flows into travel (Section 6). Oil supplied from port P2 passes through
the neck part of the straight travel spool and passage (1) and flows into the parallel passage [L3]. If the
negative pressure on sections other than travel is higher than the negative pressure on travel (Section 6),
part of oil supplied from port P2 pushes open the poppet [S6-2] and passes through the throttle at the end
of the poppet and merges in passage [S6-1]. Since travels (Sections 1 and 6) are achieved with oil
supplied from port P1 and tasks other than travel are achieved with oil supplied from port 2, the straight
travel is maintained during combined operation during travel right/left movement or combined operation
with other machines.

[Fig. 16]

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Anti-drift Valve
This anti-drift valve is attached on the cylinder port of the arm rod (bottom side of boom) to prevent a
natural drop of the arm (boom) cylinder.
In neutral (Fig. 17), pressure on the cylinder port passes through the neck of spool [AD3] via passage
[AD2] and is directed to the spring chamber [AD5] through passage [AD4].
The force of the spring and the pressure differential in the poppet areas firmly seats poppet [AD1].
During arm dump (boom-up) (Fig. 18), oil supplied from the pump pushes open the poppet [AD1] and
flows into the cylinder port.
During arm crowding (boom-down) (Fig. 19), pressure is applied to pc1 (pc2) to switch over spool [AD3],
directing oil from the spring chamber [AD5] into the drain port DR1 (DR2) via passage [AD6] to open the
poppet [AD1]. As a result, oil returning from the cylinder port flows into the tank passage [Ta].

[Fig. 17]

AD3 (With spool switched over)

[Fig. 18]

[Fig. 19]

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Hydraulics SH330SH350SH225
CONTROL VALVE
CONTROL VALVE

Relief Valve
1. Operation of the main relief valve
[1] This relief valve is integrated between the
neutral passage “HP” and low pressure
passage “LP”, and oil passes the orifice
in the poppet (C) and fills the internal
space (D).
The sleeve (E) and main poppet (C) act
on different areas (A and B). They are
firmly seated.

[2] If the pressure in the neutral passage

“HP” reaches the set spring force of the
pilot poppet, the pilot poppet (F) opens.
The oil flows around the poppet and
drilled hole (G) and is directed into the
low pressure passage “LP”.

[3] Since the pilot poppet has been opened,

the pressure in (D) reduces and the main
poppet (C) opens. As a result, the oil
flows directly into the passage “LP”.

Boost operation
When applying pressure to the pilot port
PH, the piston (H) moves to the set position
by plug (I). Due to this, the pilot spring force
rises and the pressure in “HP” rises.

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2. Operation of the overload relief valve

[1] This relief valve is integrated between
the cylinder port “HP” and low pressure
passage “LP”, and oil passes the orifice
in the piston (C) and fills the internal
space (G).
The sleeve (K) and main poppet (D) act
on the different areas (A) and (B). They
are firmly seated.

[2] When the pressure in the cylinder port

“HP” reaches the set spring force of the
pilot poppet, the pilot poppet (E) opens.
The oil flows around the poppet and
drilled hole (H) and is directed into the
low pressure passage “LP”.

[3] Since the pilot poppet (E) has been

opened, a flow passing orifice (I) in the
piston (C) is generated. This flow pro-
duces a differential pressure between
the passage “HP” and the backside of
the piston (C). This moves the piston
(C) until it seats on the poppet (E).

[4] The oil flow from the passage “HP” to

the backside of the poppet (D) is only
through the poppet (D), annular space
in the piston (C) and the orifice (F). As a
result, the differential pressure increas-
es. Due to this, the poppet (D) opens,
and the oil flows directly into the pas-
sage “LP”.

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3. Draw-in-oil feature of the overload relief valve

[1] This relief valve has an anti-void unit
K incorporated. This unit supplies oil to
the cylinder port “HP” when cavitation
B

takes place.
When the pressure in the cylinder port
“HP” is lower than the low pressure
A

side “LP”, the differential pressure be-

tween (A) and (B) opens the sleeve
(K). As a result, oil enters the cylinder
port “HP” through the low pressure side
“LP” and this prevents cavitation.
4. Function of low-pressure relief valve
[1] When oil doesn't flow

[2] Neutral spool

Oil from a neutral passage “HP” flows
to a flow low-pressure passage “LP” in
signal orifice “A”.
The pressure of the signal port “4Ps(5Ps)”
goes up by signal orifice “A”.

[3] Function of low pressure relief

The poppet “B” opens, and when it be-
comes pressure set with spring “C”
when excessive oil flows to a neutral
passage “HP”, it flows directly to “LP”
and oil from a neutral passage “HP”
prevents the abnormality pressure be-
ing generated.

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