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02 - Subjunctives - KTCS BD HSG TA
02 - Subjunctives - KTCS BD HSG TA
BÀI GIẢNG CHUYÊN SÂU BỒI DƯỠNG HỌC SINH GIỎI – MÔN TIẾNG ANH
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2: BỒI DƯỠNG KIẾN THỨC NÂNG CAO VỀ THỂ GIẢ ĐỊNH
*. General Definition:
Thể giả định là cấu trúc trong đó chỉ sử dụng hình thức nguyên thể không “TO” của động từ để nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng
hay tính chất khẩn cấp của sự việc. Thể giả định được sử dụng sau một số động từ, tính từ, danh từ.
1) Verbs Followed by the Subjunctive: Insisting, demanding … (khăng khăng, yêu cầu, …)
Form: S1+ V1 + (that) + S2 + (Should) + (not) + V2(bare) + …
V1: advise, demand, prefer, require, ask, insist, propose (đề nghị), stipulate (quy định), command (ra lệnh, chỉ huy),
move (đề nghị), recommend, suggest, decree (ra l ệnh, quy định băng sắc lệnh), order, request, urge, vote (bầu, bỏ phiếu,
đề nghị), resolve (kiên quyết), dictate (tuyên bố, ra lệnh), intend, petition (kiến nghị) …
E.g.
-Tom suggested that his friends stay over for the night.
- Sam proposed that Tom telephone his accountant.
- She recommended that he go and see a doctor.
- The manager requested that everyone put their requests in writing.
- He insisted that she stay until the end of the week.
- The Queen commands that he attend the ceremony.
- He urged that a business manager be hired to help things run more smoothly.
- The teacher recommended that we join the club.
- The professor asked that Tim submit his research paper before the end of the week.
- The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking.
- The doctor suggested that his patient not smoke.
The verb ‘be’: ‘Be’ has special subjunctive forms: I be, you be, she be, they be, etc.
- It is vital that you be truthful about what happened.
- He suggested that she be more vocal in the next meeting.
- She urged that the matter be resolved in a family court.
- Hadrian decreed that a new temple be built in the honour of Jupiter.
2) Adjectives Followed by the Subjunctive:
It + be + Adj/V.p2 + that + S + (should) + (not) + V(bare) + …
Sau đây là một số các tính từ đòi hỏi mệnh đề sau nó phải ở dạng giả định, trong câu bắt buộc phải có “that” và động từ
sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ “to”: advised, advisable, necessary, recommended, important, obligatory, required,
imperative, mandatory, proposed, suggested, best, crucial, desirable, essential, important, urgent, vital, fitting,
anxious, eager, …
Example:
- It's advisable that you practise English regularly.
- It is necessary that he find the books.
- It is necessary that he not find the books.
- It has been proposed that we change the topic.
E.g. - They would prefer me not do smoke here. => They would rather I did not smoke here.
- I would prefer you to leave now. => I would rather you left now.
Form 2: S + prefer + St + to St S + Would rather + St + than + St
E.g. I prefer flowers to candies => I would rather flowers than candies.
Form 3: S + prefer + V.ing + to + V.ing S + Would rather + V(bare) + than + V(bare)
E.g. I prefer going out to staying at home. => I would rather go out than stay at home.
Subjunctive Structures: As if/ As though – cứ như, như thể, dường như, có vẻ như
I. Aims
- To understand some Unreal structures after like As if/ As though … and do sentence related transformation
exercises.
II. Teaching Aids
- Handouts
III. Procedure
- T. presents the following contents item by item, eliciting examples, …
Subjunctive Structures: It’s time/ It’s high time/ It’s about time – đã đến lúc …
I. Aims
- To understand the structure after It’s high/about time … and do sentence related transformation exercises.
II. Teaching Aids
- Handouts
III. Procedure
- T. presents the following contents item by item, eliciting examples, …
*. Present Advice or necessity: It’s (high/about time) + (that) + S + V(past)/Were/(Were + V.ing)
E.g. - It’s time we left/were leaving now.
I. General Forms
1. Unreal Present Wishes: S + Wish(es) + (that) + S + V(past)/Were/(Were + V.ing)
E.g. - I wish I had enough money now.
- She wishes she were a millionaire.
2. Unreal Past Wishes: S + Wish(es) + (that) + S + V(past perfect)
S + Wish(es) + (that) + S + Would/Could + have + V(P2)
E.g. - I wish I had gone to her birthday party last week.
- He wishes he could have passed his exam last year.
3. Future Wishes: S + Wish(es) + (that) + S + Would/Could + V(bare)
E.g. - I wish I would/could attend her wedding next week.
*. Cấu trúc trên đây với would còn được sử dụng để chỉ sự phàn nàn về thói quen gây phiền phức của người khác:
S + Wish(es) + (that) + S + Would + V(bare)
E.g. - I wish you wouldn’t talk so much in class.
- I wish you wouldn’t complain all the time.
*. Note: I wish = If only
II. Transformation Patterns
1. Sorry + Past Clause Wish (often Unreal Past Wishes => I.2)
E.g. - I am sorry I forgot your birthday. => I wish I hadn’t forgotten your birthday.
2. Regret + (not) + V.ing Wish (often Unreal Past Wishes => I.2)
E.g. - I regret not inviting Cathy to the party. ONLY => If only I had invited Cathy to the party.
3. Want/ Would like + To Infinitive Wish (Unreal Present Wishes (I.2) or Future Wishes (II.3 => not often))
E.g. - I want the baby to stop crying. => I wish … the baby stopped crying/ didn’t cry.
- John would like to be an astronaut when he grows up. => John wishes he would be an astronaut when he
grows/grew up.
- You are too lazy. The teacher wants you to be more studious. => The teacher wishes you were more studious.
- My parents want me to be a doctor in the future. => My parents wish I would be a doctor in the future.
4. Pity/Shame/Mistake Wish (often Unreal Past Wishes => I.2 or Unreal Present Wishes => I.1)
Common forms: It’s a pity/a shame/a mistake + (that) + clause
What a pity/a shame/a mistake + (that) + clause
*. Hai cấu trúc trên dùng để diễn tả ước muốn ở hiện tại hay quá khứ phụ thuộc vào thì của mệnh đề sau that.
E.g. - It’s a pity that you were not here last week. => If only you had been here last week.
- It’s a pity the car is so expensive. => I wish the car were not so expensive.
PRACTICE
EX1: Rewrite the following sentences
1. “Let’s go for a walk in the park” said Andrew.
=> Andrew suggested that …
2. The doctor advised me to rest.
=> The doctor suggested …
3."Why don't you take a holiday?", said Simon. suggested
=> Simon ………………………………… a holiday.
4. She demands that the garden should be weeded now. (insistent)
=> …
5. We really must discuss this again.
=> It’s important that …
6. May the President live a long time!
=> Long …
7. Someone has suggested abolishing income tax.
=> It …
8. The students demanded the abolition of the regulation. (BE)
=> …
9. I would prefer you to deliver the sofa on Friday.
=> I would rather …
10. He would prefer you to pay him immediately.
=> He’d rather …
ANSWER KEY
EX1: Rewrite the following sentences
1. “Let’s go for a walk in the park” said Andrew.
=> Andrew suggested that …
(Andrew suggested that we/they (should) go for a walk in the park) (Hoc Vien QHQT – Khoi D 97-98, P.294)
2. The doctor advised me to rest.
=> The doctor suggested …
(that I (should) rest/ take a rest.) (BD HSG TA 12 – P.195)
3."Why don't you take a holiday?", said Simon. suggested
=> Simon ………………………………… a holiday.
(Simon suggested I take a holiday.)
4. She demands that the garden should be weeded now. (insistent)
=> …
(She is insistent on weeding the garden now./ She is insistent that the garden (should) be weeded now.)
5. We really must discuss this again.
=> It’s important that …
(we (should) discuss this again. (BDHSG TA 11 – P.18)
6. May the President live a long time!
=> Long …
(live the President! (BDHSG TA 11 – P.18)
7. Someone has suggested abolishing income tax.
=> It …
(It has been suggested that income tax (should) be abolished.) (Hoc Vien KHQS – Khoi D 97-98, P.275)
=> Subjunctive + Passive
8. The students demanded the abolition of the regulation. (BE)
=> …
(The students demanded (that) the regulations (should) be abolished.) (BD HSG TA 12 – P.139)
- Abolish (v): hủy bỏ, bãi bỏ - abolition = abolishment (n) => Subjunctive + style + passive
9. I would prefer you to deliver the sofa on Friday.
=> I would rather …
(DH Hue – Khoi D – chuyen ban 97-98, P.171)
10. He would prefer you to pay him immediately.
=> He’d rather …
(you paid him immediately. (DH Hue – 2001-2002, P.56)