CHEMISTRY (CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE)

SINGLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Question 1:
Statement-1: The crystal structures of NaHCO3 and KHCO3, both show intermolecular hydrogen
bonding but are different.
Statement-2: In NaHCO3 the HCO3– ions are linked together through intermolecular hydrogen
bonds into an infinite chain, while in KHCO3, HCO3– ions form dimeric anions through
intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
Options:
(a) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true, and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation
for STATEMENT-1.
(b) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true, and STATEMENT-2 is not correct
explanation for STATEMENT-1.
(c) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false.
(d) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true.

Question 2: SnCl2.2H2O readily loses one molecule of water at 800oC because

Options:
(a) One water molecule is coordinated to lone pair of electrons on SnCl2 and the other is
hydrogen bonded to coordinated water molecule.
(b) One water molecule is bonded to SnCl2 by coordinate covalent bond and the other is held by
ion-dipole attractive forces to central metal ion.
(c) Both the water molecules are coordinated to lone pairs of electrons on pyramidal SnCl2.
(d) Both the water molecules are bonded to pyramidal SnCl2 by hydrogen bonds.

Question 3: In which of the following cases the stated bond is longer in first species than in
second species?
Options:
(a) C– H bond in cyclopropane and propane.
(b) Equatorial P –Cl bond in PCl5 and P–Cl bond in PCl6–.
(c) N – N bond in N2O4 and N–N bond in N2H4.
(d) C – C bond in benzene and C2H6.

Question 4: In the structure of H2CSF4, to decide the plane in which C = S is present the
following bond angle values are given:
Axial FSF angle (idealized = 180°)  170
Equatorial FSF angle (idealized = 120°)  97
After deciding the plane of double bond, which of the following statement is/are correct?
Options:
(a) two C – H bonds are in the same plane of axial S – F bonds
(b) two C – H bonds are in the same plane of equatorial S – F bonds
(c) total five atoms are in the same plane
(d) equatorial S – F bonds are perpendicular to plane of  -bond

Question 5: Identify the species containing banana bonds.

Options:
(a) (BeH2)n
(b) BF3
(c) (AlCl3)2
(d) (BeCl2)n

Question 6: Nodal planes of  -bonds (s) in CH2 = C = C = CH2 are located in

Options:
(a) all are in molecular plane.
(b) two in molecular plane and one in a plane perpendicular to molecular plane which contains
C–C  -bond.
(c) one in molecular plane and two in a plane perpendicular to molecular plane which contains
C–C  -bond.
(d) two in molecular plane and one in a plane perpendicular to molecular plane which bisects C–
C  -bond.

Question 7: The correct increasing order of extent of hydrolysis is

Options:
(a) CCl4 < MgCl2 < AlCl3 < SiCl4 < PCl5
(b) CCl4 < AlCl3 < MgCl2 < PCl5 < SiCl4
(c) CCl4 < SiCl4 < PCl5 < AlCl3 < MgCl2
(d) CCl4 < PCl5 < SiCl4 < AlCl3 < MgCl2

Question 8: Correctly match is:

Options:
(a) d x 2 − y 2 atomic orbital – One nodal plane
(b) p y atomic orbital – Two nodal planes
(c)  p x – ψ (gerade)
(d) p p y – ψ (ungerade)
Question 9: In which of the following species, d-orbitals having xz and yz two nodal planes are
involved in hybridization of central atom?
Options:
(a) IO2F2–
(b) ClF4–
(c) IF7
(d) None of these

Question 10: In which of the following molecule μ (observed) is found to be greater than μ
(theoretical):
Options:
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) None of these

Question 11: In which of the following cases C–C bond length will be highest?
Options:
(a) CH3–CF3
(b) FCH2–CH2F
(c) F2CH–CHF2
(d) CF3–CF3

Question 12: Select the incorrect statement about N2F4 and N2H4
(I) In N2F4, d-orbitals are contracted by electronegative fluorine atoms, but d-orbital contraction
is not possible by H-atom in N2H4.
(II) The N–N bond energy in N2F4 is more than N–N bond energy in N2H4.
(III)The N–N bond length in N2F4 is more than that of in N2H4.
(IV) The N–N bond length in N2F4 is less than that of in N2H4.
Choose the correct code:
Options:
(a) I, II and III
(b) I and III
(c) II and IV
(d) II and III

Question 13: Which of the following species absorb maximum energy in its HOMO-LUMO
electronic transition?
Options:
(a) O2
(b) N2–
(c) C2
(d) N2

Question 14: If CdI2 is pink in colour, the CdCl2 will be '____' coloured.
Options:
(a) yellow
(b) red
(c) blue
(d) cannot be predicted

Question 15: Which order are correct?

(I) Thermal stability: BeSO4 < MgSO4 < CaSO4 < SrSO4 < BaSO4
(II) Basic nature: ZnO > BeO > MgO > CaO
(III) Solubility in water: LiOH > NaOH > KOH > RbOH > CsOH
(IV) Melting point: NaCl > KCl > RbCl > CsCl > LiCl
Options:
(a) (I), (IV)
(b) (I), (II) and (IV)
(c) (II), (III)
(d) All correct

Question 16: The correct solubility order is/are:

(I) CaCO3 > SrCO3 > BaCO3
(II) Li2CO3 < Na2CO3 < K2CO3
(III) K2CO3 < Rb2CO3 < Cs2CO3
(IV) Na2CO3 > K2CO3 > Rb2CO3
Options:
(a) II, IV
(b) I, IV
(c) II, III, IV
(d) I, II, III

Question 17: On heating to 400-500oC, relatively unstable hydrides and carbonates decompose.
Which of the following will decompose when heated to 400-500oC?
(I) LiH (II) NaH (III) Li2CO3 (IV) Na2CO3
Options:
(a) II, III
(b) I, II, III
(c) I, III
(d) III, IV

Question 18: Which of the following molecules has non-zero dipole moment?
Options:
(a) ClF3O2
(b) XeO3F2
(c) (CH3)3P(CCl3)2
(d) (SiH3)3N

Question 19: From the statements given below,

(I) Ionisation energy of oxygen molecule is more than that of nitrogen molecule
(II) Electron affinity of nitrogen molecule is higher than that of oxygen molecule
(III) Electronegativity order of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbons - C2H2 > C2H4 > C2H6
(IV) N2 is as stable as CO as bond order of both the species is 3 as per MOT.
Options:
(a) I and II are correct.
(b) III and IV are correct.
(c) only III is correct.
(d) II and III is correct.

Question 20: Match the column

Column-I Column-II
(A) SO3 (gas) (p) Polar with p − d  bonds and identical S–O bond, lengths.
(B) OSF4 (q) One lone pair and p − d  bond.
(C) SO3F –
(r) Non-polar with p − p and p − d  bonds. Identical S–O bond
lengths.
(D) ClOF3 (s) Polar with p − d  bond.
Options:
(a) A – r; B – s; C – p; D – q
(b) A – p; B – s; C – q; D – r
(c) A – p; B – q; C – r; D – s
(d) A – s; B – r; C – q; D – p
Question 21: Match the column
Column-I Column-II
(A) Blue vitriol (p) Ionic bond
(B) Gypsum (q) Covalent bond
(C) Pure orthophosphoric acid (r) Hydrogen bond
(D) Chloral hydrate (s) Resonance stabilization
Options:
(a) A – p, q, r, s; B – s, r, q, p; C – q, s; D – p, r
(b) A – s, r, q, p; B – p, q, r, s; C – p, r; D – q, s
(c) A – s, r, q, p; B – r, s, p, q; C – q, s; D – p, q
(d) A – p, q, r, s; B – p, q, r, s; C – q, r; D – q, r

Question 22: Match the following:

Column-I (Compounds) Column-II (Characteristics)
(A) H4SiO4 (P) Back bond
(B) H2SeO4 (Q) Intermolecular hydrogen bond
(C) H3BO3 (R) Hypo valent compound
(D) H2NBF2 (S) Proton donor acid
(T) Hypervalent compound
Options:
(a) A ⟶ Q, S; B ⟶ P, T; C ⟶ R, S; D ⟶ P, R, T
(b) A ⟶ P, Q, S; B ⟶ Q, S, T; C ⟶ P, Q, R; D ⟶ P, Q, R
(c) A ⟶ P, Q, R; B ⟶ Q, S; C ⟶ P, Q; D ⟶ P, R
(d) A ⟶ P, Q, R, S, T; B ⟶ P, R, T; C ⟶ Q, S, T; D ⟶ P, R, T

Question 23: Match the column

Column-I Column-II
(A) H2S2O5 (P) Central atom is sp3 hybridized
(B) H6B2O72– (Q) M–O–M oxo linkage is present
(C) H4P2O6 (R) M–O–M oxo linkage is absent
(D) H6Si2O7 (S) Non-planar
Options:
(a) (A) – P, Q, S; (B) – P, R, S; (C) – Q, R, S; (D) – P, Q, R
(b) (A) – P, R, S; (B) – P, Q, S; (C) – P, R, S; (D) – P, Q, S
(c) (A) – P, Q, R; (B) – P, R, S; (C) – P, Q, S; (D) – P, R, S
(d) (A) – P, Q, S; (B) – P, Q, R; (C) – Q, R, S; (D) – P, R, S
Question 24: Match the column
Column-I Column-II
(A) 𝐵2 𝐻6 + 2𝑁𝑎𝐻 → (p) no change in hybridization of underlined atom
(B) 𝐻3 𝐵𝑂3 + 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 → (q) sp2 → sp3 (change in hybridization of underlined atom)
(C) 𝐵𝑒𝐻2 → (𝐵𝑒𝐻2 )(𝑠) (r) breaking of 3c – 2e– bond
(D) 𝐵𝐹3 + 𝑁𝑎𝐹 → (s) formation of 3c – 2e– bond
Options:
(a) A – p, r; B – q; C – s; D – q
(b) A – p, q; B – q; C – r; D – s
(c) A – q, r; B – s; C – p; D – q
(d) A – p, s; B – r; C – p; D – q

Question 25: Match the compounds listed in column-I with characteristic(s) listed in column-II.
Column-I Column-II
– +
(A) ClF2 , ClF2 (p) Square pyramidal.
–
(B) IO2F2 , F2SeO (q) See – saw and pyramidal shaped respectively.
(C) IOF4–, XeOF2 (r) Linear and bent shaped respectively.
(D) BrF5, XeOF4 (s) Square pyramidal and T-shaped respectively.
(t) Both sp3d2.
Options:
(a) A – r; B – q; C – s; D – p, t
(b) A – p; B – q; C – r; D – p, r
(c) A – q; B – p; C – r; D – p, t
(d) A – r; B – s; C – q; D – p, s

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Question 26: Which of the following is/are correct about the bond angle?
Options:
(a) OF2  H 2O  Cl2O  ClO2
(b) PF3  PCl3  PBr3  PI3
(c) NH3  NF3
(d) KrF4  SF2  N 2 H 2
Question 27: which of the following process is/are associated with change of hybridization of
the underlined compound?
Options:
(a) Al(OH)3 ppt. dissolved in NaOH
(b) B2H6 is dissolved in THF
(c) SiF4 vapour is passed through liq. HF
(d) Solidification PCl5 vapour

NUMERIC ANSWER TYPE

Question 28: At high temperatures Sulphur vapour is predominantly in the form of S2 (gas)
molecules. If the molecular orbitals for third row diatomic molecules (homonuclear) are
analogous to those for second-row molecules. Answer the following questions by putting correct
number in the boxes provided at the bottom.

P: The number of unpaired electrons in S2.

Q: The bond order of S2.
R: The number of  bond(s) in S2.
S: The bond order of S22–, disulphide ion formed by the gain of two electrons.

Question 29: The number of P–S bonds and P– P bonds in P4S3 are x and y respectively. The
number of  –bonds in P4O10 is z. Fill answer in bubbles as xyz.

Question 30: Number of hydrogen bonds in H9O4+ species is

Question 31: Consider the following combination of atomic orbitals:

Combining orbitals (internuclear axis)
(i) s + px ( x ) (ii) d xy + d xy ( x )

(iii) d yz + pz ( z ) (iv) s + s ( z )

(v) d yz + d yz ( x ) (vi) p y + p y ( y )

(vii) d z 2 + d z 2 ( z ) (viii) d xy + d xy ( z )

(ix) px + px ( y ) (x) s + pz ( x )
Then calculate value of "a2 + b2 + 2cd". (where a = σ M.O.; b = π M.O.; c = δ M.O.; c =
Non-bonding M.O.)
Question 32: When B2H6 is allowed to react with following Lewis bases, then how many given
Lewis bases form adduct through symmetrical cleavage of B2H6?
NH3, MeNH2, Pyridine, CO, T.H.E, PH3, PF3, Me3N, Me2NH

Question 33: Total number of molecules which can form H-bond among themselves.
SiH3OH, HCN, B(OMe)3, NHMe2, CH3CONH2, HCHO, HCOOH, NH2OH, H4SiO4

Question 34: Consider the following five groups (According to modern periodic table) of
elements with their increasing order of atomic numbers:
Group 1 ⟶ A, B, C, D, E Group 2 ⟶ F, G, H, I, J
Group 13 ⟶ K, L, M, N, O Group 15 ⟶ P, Q, R, S, T
Group 17 ⟶ U, V, W, X, Y
If first and last element of each group belongs to 2nd and 6th period respectively and Z
represents the carbonate ion (CO32–), then consider the following orders.
(i) O+ > H2+; Polarizing power
(ii) T3+ > S3+ > R3+; Stability of cation
(iii) U– (aq.) > V– (aq.) > W– (aq.) > X– (aq.); Size
(iv) JV2 < IV2 < GV2 < LV3; Covalent character
(v) GZ > IZ > JZ; Thermal stability
(vi) AV > BV > CV > DV > EV; Thermal stability
(vii) C3P > B3P > A3P; Lattice energy
(viii) KU3 < KV3 < KW3 < KX3; Melting point
Then calculate value of |p – q|2, here p and q are correct and incorrect orders in the given eight
orders respectively.

COMPREHENSION # 1 (FOR Q. 35)

Colour of compounds occurs due to phenomenon of polarization, charge transfer, d-d transition
and H.O.M.O.–L.U.M.O. transition. Most of the transition metal complex compound are
coloured either due to d-d electron transition or charge transfer and ionic compounds are
coloured due to polarization of anion.

Question 35: Which of the following is correct about 𝐾𝐹𝑒 𝐼𝐼 [𝐹𝑒(𝐶𝑁)6 ] and 𝐾𝐹𝑒 𝐼𝐼𝐼 [𝐹𝑒 (𝐶𝑁)6 ]
(𝐼) (𝐼𝐼)
complex compounds?
Options:
(a) Both are blue coloured compound because colour arises due to d-d electron transition in Fe
cation present outside the complex ion.
(b) Both are blue coloured compound because colour arises due to transfer of electron
between FeII and FeIII cation.
(c) Both are blue coloured compound because in complexes FeII cation shows same d-d
transition band.
(d) Complex (I) has blue colour while complex (II) has brown colour.

COMPREHENSION # 2 (FOR Q. 36 TO Q. 37)

Drago suggested an empirical rule which is compatible with the energetics of hybridization. It
states that if the central atom is in the third row or below in the periodic table, the lone pair will
occupy a stereo chemically inactive s-orbital, and the bonding will be through p-orbitals and
bond angles will be nearly 90o if the electronegativity of the surrounding atom is ≤ 2.5.

Question 36: In which of the following molecule central atom has higher % s-character in its
bond pair
Options:
(a) AsH3
(b) GeH4
(c) P4
(d) H2Se

Question 37: Correct order of bond angle is

Options:
(a) PH4+ > OF2 > SF2 > SbH3 > H2Te
(b) OF2 > SF2 > PH4+ > SbH3 > H2Te
(c) PH4+ > SF2 > OF2 > SbH3 > H2Te
(d) SF2 > OF2 > PH4+ > SbH3 > H2Te

COMPREHENSION # 3 (FOR Q. 38)

According to hybridization theory, the % s-character in sp, sp2 and sp3-hybrid orbitals is 50, 33.3
and 25 respectively, but this is not true for all the species. When θ is the bond angle between
equivalent hybrid orbitals then % s and p-character in hybrid orbital (when only s- and p-orbitals
are involved in hybridization) can be calculated by the following formula:
S P −1
cos  = =
S −1 P

Question 38: Two elements X and Y combined together to form a covalent compound. If % p-
character is found to be 80% in a hybrid orbital, then the hypothetical hybridized state of central
atom X for the orbital is
Options:
(a) sp2
(b) sp3
(c) sp4
(d) sp5

COMPREHENSION # 4 (FOR Q. 39)

Na[BH4] is ionic compound containing BH 4Θ tetrahydridoborate ion and in solid state NaBH4
has sodium chloride structure. Not all tetrahydridoborates are ionic. The beryllium, aluminium
and transition metal borohydrides become increasingly covalent and volatile. In these types of
tetrahydridoborate, the BH 4Θ form covalent bond with metal ion. One or more H atoms in a
BH 4Θ act as a bridging and bond to metal, forming a three-center bond with two electrons shared
by three atoms. The BH 4Θ is usually in that it may form one two or three such three center bonds
to the metal ion when forms covalent bond. Be(BH4)2 and Al(BH4)3 are covalent and structures
are given below.

Question 39: Total no. of 2c–2e– bond and 3c–2e– bond in Al(BH4)3 are respectively :
Options:
(a) 6, 12
(b) 6, 6
(c) 12, 12
(d) 12, 6

SUBJECTIVE ANSWER TYPE

Question 40: The dipole moment of a molecule is really the vectorial sum of the individual bond
moment present in it. To compute the dipole moment, it is necessary to find out the values of
various bond moment. In the following table, dipole moment of different bonds is as given.

Bond
Bond moments 0.4 D 1.5 D 2.5 D
The group moments of few group as given

Group NO2 OH CN CH3

direction of dipole toward N towards O towards N away from CH3
Dipole moment 4D 1.6 D 3.8 D 0.4 D

(i) In CH3CCl3 (I), CHCl3 (II) and CH3Cl (III) the normal tetrahedral bond angle is
1
maintained. Also given cos 70.5 = . Find dipole moments of the given compounds.
3
(given due to – I effect of Cl, the Bond moment of H—C bond directed toward the H
in CHCl3)
(ii) In the acetone molecule considering the normal planar structure, find the observed
dipole moment of acetone molecule.

Question 41: Draw orbital overlap diagram for the cases given below. consider internuclear axis
as y-axis. Also classify them as  ,  ,  if bond is formed by their overlap
(a) s and p y
(b) d xy and p y
(c) s and p z
(d) p x and p x
(e) p z and p z
(f) d xz and d xz

Question 42: The correct order of extent of polymerization is SiO44−  PO43−  SO42−  ClO4− .
Why, explain briefly?

Question 43: Find number of 𝑝𝜋 − 𝑑𝜋 bonds in

(a) Disulphate
(b) triphosphate
(c) trimetaphosphate
(d) trimer of SO3
(e) P4O10
(f) P4O6

Question 44: Explain the hybridization in solid form of PCl5, N2O5 and XeF6.
Question 45: O2, N2 are colourless gases but Cl2, Br2, I2 are coloured gases. Explain based on
M.O. theory.

Question 46: Draw the structure of following compound

(i) Na[B3O3(OH)4]
(ii) Na2[B4O5(OH)4].8H2O
(iii) Na6P6O18
(iv) S3O6–2
(v) S3O9
(vi) (CN)2

Question 47: Identify whether following statements are TRUE or FALSE.

(1) PbI2 is yellow due to high polarization of Pb2+.
(2) Beryllium chloride exists in a polymeric chain like structure in solid state.
(3) The thermal stability of alkaline earth metal carbonates follows the order:
BeCO3 < MgCO3 < CaCO3 < SrCO3 < BaCO3
(4) CuI has higher covalent character than NaI.
(5) The order of Xe–F bond length in various fluorides of Xenon is XeF2 < XeF4 < XeF6.
(6) PH5 can undergo sp3d hybridization to have octahedral geometry
(7) Dipole moment of CH3F is greater than that of CH3Cl.
(8) Increasing strength of hydrogen bonding is Cl–H----Cl < N–H----N < O–H----O < F–H----F
(9) The percentage of s-character in the orbital forming S – S bonds and P – P bonds in S8 and P4
molecules respectively are different.
(10) In SF4 the bond angles, instead of being 90º and 180º are 89º and 177º respectively due to
the repulsions between lone pair and bond pairs of electrons.
(11) Aqueous H3PO4 is syrupy (i.e., more viscous than water).
(12) SiO2 crystal may be considered as giant molecule in which eight-membered rings are
formed with alternate silicon and oxygen atoms.
(13) Borazine has higher intermolecular force of attraction as compared to benzene.
(14) The O – O bond length in O2[AsF4] is shorter than KO2.
(15) Individual oxidation number of two Sulphur atoms in thiosulphate (S2O32–) ion are +4 and 0,
however the average oxidation number of Sulphur is +2.
(16) The reason for Ka2 <<< Ka1 for peroxymonosulphuric acid is, intramolecular H–bonding in
the anion of acid after first ionization.
(17) Among HCl, HBr and HI, HI is the strongest acid while HCl is the weakest acid while
among HOCl, HOBr and HOI, HOCl is the strongest acid while HOI is the weakest acid.
(18) Equatorial FSF bond angle in SOF4 will be greater than in SF4 molecule
(19) The HOMO in F2– is  *2 px =  *2 py molecular orbitals.
(20) Bond order of O2– is more then O2+.
(21) NO+ is more stable than N2+.
(22) C2 is more stable than C2+.
(23) Fluorine does not form any polyhalide because it does not have d-orbitals in valence shell.
(24) In B2 and N2 molecules mixing of s- and p- atomic orbitals takes place.
(25) If there is a nodal plane perpendicular to the internuclear axis and lying between
nuclei of bonded atoms then corresponding orbitals ls antibonding M.O.
(26) If a nodal plane lies 1n the inter-nuclear axis, then corresponding orbitals pi(π) M.O.
(27) The σ-bonding molecular orbital does not contain nodal planes containing internuclear axis.
(28) The δ-bonding molecular orbital possesses three nodal planes containing the axis.
(29) Thermodynamic stability of graphite > diamond, but reverse order is true for their kinetic
stability.
(30) Melting point of NaCl > LiCl, but reverse order is true for their thermal stability.
(31) Lewis acidic strength of BeI2 > BeF2, but reverse order is true for their melting point.