Purposive Communication

Module 1
Topic 2
Public Speaking
The Dominican Blessing

May God the Father bless us.

May God the Son heal us.
May God the Holy Spirit enlighten us,
and give us eyes to see with,
ears to hear with,
hands to do the work of God with,
feet to walk with,
a mouth to preach the word of salvation with,
and the angel of peace to watch over us and
lead us at last,
by our Lord‘s gift to the Kingdom.
Amen

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MODULE INTRODUCTION AND FOCUS QUESTIONS

Humans‘ ability to communicate using formalized systems of language sets

us apart from other living creatures on the Earth. Whether these language
conventions make us superior to other creatures is debatable, but there is
no question that overall, the most successful and most powerful people
over the centuries have mastered the ability to communicate effectively. In
fact, the skill of speaking is so important that it has been formally taught
MODULE of
for thousands LESSON
years. Have you ever wondered where and when public
speaking originated?

―How can we communicate effectively?‖

The University of Santo Tomas is implementing the Flexible Dominican
Education (FDomE), a blended learning mode. The modes of learning are
generally blended meaning both online and offline methods are to be used.
Please let your instructors know what method is best suited for you.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
ONLINE
 All learning materials can be accessed via Google Classroom.
 Coordinate with your instructor for the code.
 Answer the activities based on the scheduled online lectures that will be
administered by your instructor and based on the learning materials uploaded in
Google Classroom.
 Submit the outputs as directed.

 Due to the limitations that this pandemic may concur on your access to learning,
you can avail of the university‘s offsite learning modality.
 Coordinate with your instructor on how to get the learning materials and
activities. It can be picked up in the CASE office or sent to you via courier
services.
 Submit the outputs based on the given schedule by the instructor.

OFFLINE
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MODULE LESSONS AND COVERAGE

Lesson Topics I should be Estimated

able to… time

1 Understand the
history of public
speaking
A short History of
Public Speaking Dissect a 2 hours
speech using
the general
principles of
logos, pathos
and ethos.

Public Speaking Give a short-

and Sample prepared
Speeches of Public Speech in a
Speaking. recording.

2 Ted Talks and Know the

Critical/Creative features of a
Thinking in Good Ted Talk
Today‘s Society

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PRE-TEST

Direction
Choose the letter of the best answer, write the letter on the
blank before the number.

_____1. Protagoras was the father of__________.

a. Adam c. Eve
b. Debate d. Public Speaking
_____2. Aristotle wrote a treatise with the title_______.
a. Da Vinci Code c. The Republic
b. The Zahir d. Rhetoric
_____3. It is like an ordinary debate, except you have to reason or argue in
verse.
a. Fliptop c. Balagtasan
b. Communication d. treatise
_____4. Eloquence means_______.
a. fluent or persuasive speaking c. nice voice when singing
b. beautiful lips d. good storyteller
_____5. Who is the Greek teacher of rhetoric?
a. Corall c. Leonardo Da Vinci
b. Corax d. Aristotle

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Good to know
 Public speaking is an essential life skill in the modern world, full
of meetings, conferences and networking events. In this article,
we look at the history of public speaking, from Greece to the
21st century, as well as famous orators throughout history.
Now, let‘s take a look back to the early years of public
speaking.

Activity 1
 Read about the History of Public Speaking
 Answer the following questions

Process Questions
1. Why do you think it is important to know the history of public
speaking?
2. How should speeches be organized?
3. According to Aristotle, what components make a speech
persuasive?

Activity 1

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Activity 2

Now that we know about the history of Public Speaking, Lets compare it to
Public speaking in today‘s Digital world.
1. Visit the following site: TED
2. Let‘s watch the following Video Presentations:
 TED's secret to great public speaking
 What reality are you creating for yourself?

3. Answer the following questions:

a. How can you differentiate Ted Talks and oration?

b. What can you learn about public speaking from listening

to the talk?

Offline

For offline learners, you can look for the attached file on the appendix
section.

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Analysis

In the next activity, we will dissect a speech using the general

principles of pathos, ethos and logos.

Direction: Analyse the following document and answer the given activities
within the document.(PAGES 1-4 only)

Speech analysis activity

 List the phrases that uses the principles of pathos ethos and logos.
 Use the answer sheet on page 4

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Post-Test: It is now time for us to test your knowledge on the topic based on
the lessons we‘ve discussed
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer, write the letter on
the blank before the number.

_____1. Protagoras was the father of__________.

a. Adam c. Eve
b. Public Speaking d. Debate
_____2. Aristotle wrote a treatise with the title_______.
a. Da Vinci Code c. Rhetoric
b. The Zahir d. The Republic
_____3. It is like an ordinary debate, except you have to reason or argue in
verse.
a. Fliptop c. Balagtasan
b. Communication d. treatise
_____4. Eloquence means_______.
a. good storyteller c. beautiful lips
b. nice voice when singing d. fluent or persuasive speaking
_____5. Who is the Greek teacher of rhetoric?
a. Corall c. Leonardo Da Vinci
b. Corax d. Aristotle
_____6. What are the three general purposes for giving speeches?
a. To persuade, act , & adjust your speaking style
b. To inform, make people laugh, & have fun
c. To inform, persuade, & entertain
d. None of the Above
_____7. The roman lawyer and educator that forwarded the idea that public
speaking should be ethical is ____________.
a. Aristotle c.Corax
b. Cicero d. Quintilian
_____8. Cicero‘s eloquence was described as____________.
a. ―resistless torrent‖ c. ―morning star‖
b. ―liquid fire‖ d. ―bright shadow‖
_____9. According to ________, a basic speech should contain three parts.
a. Borax c. Coral
b.Corax d. Boral

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_____10. The Philippines has its own tradition of public speaking
called__________.

a. Fliptop c. Balagtasan
b. Communication d. treatise

APPENDIX (Learning Materials/ References)

HISTORY OF PUBLIC SPEAKING

Our current knowledge and practice of public speaking draws upon the
Western thought from Greece and Rome.

Key Points
 The formal study of public speaking began approximately 2,500 years ago
in Greece and Rome to train citizens to participate in society.
 Aristotle (384-322 BCE), the most famous Greek Scholar, defined rhetoric
as the ―faculty of discovering the possible means of persuasion in reference
to any subject whatever.‖ He divided the ―means of persuasion‖ into three
parts–logical reason (logos), human character ( ethos ), and emotional.
 Cicero (106-43 BCE), one of the most significant rhetoricians of all time,
developed the five canons of rhetoric, a five-step process for developing a
persuasive speech that we still use to teach public speaking today.
 Quintilian (c. 35-95 CE) argued that public speaking was inherently moral.
He stated that the ideal orator is ―a good man speaking well‖.
 American Revolution–The rhetorical studies of ancient Greece and Rome
were resurrected as speakers and teachers looked to Cicero and others to
inspire defense of the new republic. John Quincy Adams of Harvard
advocated for the democratic advancement of the art of rhetoric.
 Throughout the 20th century, rhetoric developed as a concentrated field of
study with the establishment of public speaking courses in high schools and
universities. The courses in speaking apply fundamental Greek theories
(such as the modes of persuasion: ethos, pathos, and logos).

Key Terms

 sophist: One of a class of teachers of rhetoric, philosophy, and politics in

ancient Greece, especially one who used fallacious but plausible reasoning.
 orator: A skilled and eloquent public speaker.

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 rhetoric: The art of using language, especially public speaking, as a
means to persuade.

History of Public Speaking

Our current knowledge and practice of public speaking draws upon ancient
Greek, Roman, and Western thought.

The Classical Period (500 BCE – 400 BCE)

The ancient Greeks highly valued public political participation, where public
speaking was a crucial tool. We will begin an overview of four Ancient Greek
philosophers, also known as the ―fantastic four‖Aspasia of Miletus, Socrates,
Plato, and Aristotle.

Aspasia of Miletus (469 BCE), the ―mother of rhetoric,‖ is believed to have taught
rhetoric to Socrates. During this period Pericles, the Athenian ruler and Aspasia‘s
partner, treated Aspasia as an equal and allowed her the opportunity to engage
in dialogue with the important and educated men of society.

Socrates (469-399 BCE) greatly influenced the direction of the Classical Period.
Most of what we know about Socrates comes from the writings of his student
Plato.

Plato (429-347 BCE) wrote about rhetoric in the form of dialogues with Socrates
as the main character. Plato defined the scope of rhetoric according to his
negative opinions of the art. He criticized the Sophists for using rhetoric as a
means of deceit instead of discovering truth.

Aristotle (384-322 BCE) is the most famous Greek Scholar. Aristotle studied in
Plato‘s Academy where he later taught public speaking until Plato‘s death in 347
BCE. During this time, he opened his own school of politics, science, philosophy,
and rhetoric.

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Aristotle: This statue resides at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.

Aristotle defined rhetoric as the ―faculty of discovering the possible means of

persuasion in reference to any subject whatever.‖ Aristotle divided the ―means of
persuasion‖ into three parts, or three artistic proofs, necessary to persuade
others: logical reason (logos), human character (ethos), and emotional appeal
(pathos).

Sophist (400s BCE): The Classical Period flourished for nearly a millennium in
and around Greece as democracy gained prominence. Citizens learned public
speaking from early teachers known as Sophists. Sophists were self-appointed
professors of how to succeed in the civic life of the Greek states.
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The Romans: Cicero and Quintilian

Cicero (106-43 BCE) is considered one of the most significant rhetoricians of all
time. His works include the early and very influential De Inventione (On
Invention ), often read alongside the Ad Herennium as the two basic texts of
rhetorical theory (throughout the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance); De
Oratore (a fuller statement of rhetorical principles in dialogue form);
and Topics (a rhetorical treatment of common topics, highly influential through
the Renaissance). Cicero is most famous in the field of public speaking for
creating the five canons of rhetoric, a five-step process for developing a
persuasive speech that we still use to teach public speaking today.

Quintilian (c. 35-95 CE) extended this line of thinking and argued that public
speaking was inherently moral. He stated that the ideal orator is ―a good man
speaking well. ‖

The Medieval Period (400 CE – 1400 CE)

In contrast to the Classical Period, which saw tremendous growth and innovation
in the study of communication, the Medieval Period might be considered the dark
ages of academic study in public speaking. The church felt threatened by secular
rhetorical works they considered full of pagan thought. The Church did, however,
focus on persuasion and developing public presentation to improve preaching.

St. Augustine (354 CE-430 CE), a Christian clergyman and renowned rhetorician,
argued for the continued development of ideas that had originated during the
Classical Period. He thought that the study of persuasion, in particular, was a
worthwhile pursuit for the church.

The Renaissance (1400-1600 CE)

Powered by a new intellectual movement during this period, secular institutions

and governments started to compete with the church for personal allegiances.
Ideas surrounding issues of style in speaking situations received significant
attention during the Renaissance period.

Petrus Ramus (1515-1572) paid great attention to the idea of style by actually
grouping style and delivery of the five canons together. Ramus also argued that
invention and arrangement did not fit the canon and should be the focus of
logic, not rhetoric. Ramus challenged much of what early scholars thought of
truth, ethics, and morals as they applied to communication.
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Francis Bacon (1561-1626), a contemporary of Shakespeare, believed that the
journey to truth was paramount to the study and performance of
communication. According to Bacon, reason and morality required speakers to
have a high degree of accountability, making it an essential element in oration.

The Enlightenment (1600 – 1800 CE)

Neoclassicism revived the classical approach to rhetoric by adapting and applying

it to contemporary situations.

George Campbell (1719-1796), a Scottish minister and educator, tried to create

convincing arguments using scientific and moral reasoning by seeking to
understand how people used speech to persuade others.

Finally, the elocutionary approach (mid 1700‘s to mid-1800‘s) concentrated on

delivery and style by providing strict rules for a speaker‘s bodily actions such as
gestures, facial expressions, tone, and pronunciation.

Overall, the Enlightenment Period served as a bridge between the past and the
present. Political rhetoric also underwent renewal in the wake of the U.S. and
French revolutions. The rhetorical studies of ancient Greece and Rome were
resurrected in the studies of the era as speakers and teachers looked to Cicero
and others to inspire defense of the new republic. Leading rhetorical theorists
included John Quincy Adams, who advocated for the democratic advancement of
the art of rhetoric.

New School — 1900s and 2000s

Throughout the 20 th century, rhetoric developed as a concentrated field of study

with the establishment of rhetorical courses in high schools and universities.
Courses such as public speaking and speech analysis apply fundamental Greek
theories, as well as trace rhetorical development throughout the course of
history.

The 1960‘s and 70‘s saw renewed emphasis and focus on the works of those
from the Classical Period. Thus, the 60‘s and 70‘s worked to bridge together the
old and new school of communication study for the first time. Communication
departments had professors who studied and taught classical rhetoric,
contemporary rhetoric, along with empirical and qualitative social science.

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MODES OF PERSUASION

Ethos, Pathos, and Logos are modes of persuasion used to convince

audiences. They are also referred to as the three artistic proofs
(Aristotle coined the terms), and are all represented by Greek words.

Ethos or the ethical appeal, means to convince an audience of the author‘s

credibility or character.

An author would use ethos to show to his audience that he is a credible source
and is worth listening to. Ethos is the Greek word for ―character.‖ The word
―ethic‖ is derived from ethos.

Ethos can be developed by choosing language that is appropriate for the

audience and topic (this also means choosing the proper level of vocabulary),
making yourself sound fair or unbiased, introducing your expertise,
accomplishments or pedigree, and by using correct grammar and syntax.

During public speaking events, typically a speaker will have at least some of his
pedigree and accomplishments listed upon introduction by a master of
ceremony.

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Pathos or the emotional appeal, means to persuade an audience by appealing

to their emotions.

Authors use pathos to invoke sympathy from an audience; to make the audience
feel what what the author wants them to feel. A common use of pathos would
be to draw pity from an audience. Another use of pathos would be to inspire
anger from an audience, perhaps in order to prompt action. Pathos is the Greek
word for both ―suffering‖ and ―experience.‖ The words empathy and
pathetic are derived from pathos.

Pathos can be developed by using meaningful language, emotional tone,

emotion evoking examples, stories of emotional events, and implied meanings.

Logos or the appeal to logic, means to convince an audience by use of logic or

reason.

To use logos would be to cite facts and statistics, historical and literal analogies,
and citing certain authorities on a subject. Logos is the Greek word for ―word,‖
however the true definition goes beyond that, and can be most closely described
as ―the word or that by which the inward thought is expressed" and, "the inward
thought itself" (1). The word ―logic‖ is derived from logos.

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Logos can be developed by using advanced, theoretical or abstract language,

citing facts (very important), using historical and literal analogies, and by
constructing logical arguments.

In order to persuade your audience, proper use of Ethos, Pathos, and

Logos is necessary.

Examples of Ethos, Logos and Pathos:

Example of Ethos:

―Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard,
and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2
billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest
creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30...

During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company
named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my
wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film,
Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a
remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the
technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance.
And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.‖

Stanford Commencement Speech by Steve Jobs. June 12, 2005.

Example of Pathos:

"I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and
tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of
you have come from areas where your quest -- quest for freedom left you
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battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police
brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work
with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go
back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to
Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that
somehow this situation can and will be changed."

I Have a Dream by Martin Luther King Jr. August 28th, 1963.

Example of Logos:

"However, although private final demand, output, and employment have indeed
been growing for more than a year, the pace of that growth recently appears
somewhat less vigorous than we expected. Notably, since stabilizing in mid-
2009, real household spending in the United States has grown in the range of 1
to 2 percent at annual rates, a relatively modest pace. Households' caution is
understandable. Importantly, the painfully slow recovery in the labor market has
restrained growth in labor income, raised uncertainty about job security and
prospects, and damped confidence. Also, although consumer credit shows some
signs of thawing, responses to our Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank
Lending Practices suggest that lending standards to households generally remain
tight."

References:
The Economic Outlook and Monetary Policy by Ben Bernanke. August 27th,
2010.

Communication for Society by M.T. Uychoco et, al

https://business.tutsplus.com/tutorials/what-is-public-speaking--cms-31255

https://pathosethoslogos.com/

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-communications/chapter/history-
of-public-speaking/

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The Dominican Blessing

May God the Father bless us.

May God the Son heal us.
May God the Holy Spirit enlighten us,
and give us eyes to see with,
ears to hear with,
hands to do the work of God with,
feet to walk with,
a mouth to preach the word of salvation with,
and the angel of peace to watch over us and lead us at
last,
by our Lord‘s gift to the Kingdom.
Amen

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GE:5
.z MODULE INTRODUCTION AND FOCUS QUESTIONS

Effective communication in the workplace plays an important part in organizational

development on the whole. Communication is the process of sharing information
between two or more people. Now this is just the basic definition of communication,
and we know that the process is not just confined to information sharing. Rather, it is a
mode of sharing thoughts, feelings, expressions, and many other things too.
Communication is an art. For some people it comes naturally, while the others are too
nervous when it comes to communicating.

Can intercultural diversity affect communication?

The University of Santo Tomas is implementing the Flexible Dominican Education

(FDomE), a blended learning mode. The modes of learning are generally blended
meaning both online and offline methods are to be used. Please let your instructors
know what method is best suited for you.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
ONLINE
 All learning materials can be accessed via Google Classroom.
 Coordinate with your instructor for the code.
 Answer the activities based on the scheduled online lectures that will be
administered by your instructor and based on the learning materials uploaded in
Google Classroom.
 Submit the outputs as directed.

 Due to the limitations that this pandemic may concur on your access to learning,
you can avail of the university‘s offsite learning modality.
 Coordinate with your instructor on how to get the learning materials and
activities. It can be picked up in the CASE office or sent to you via courier
services.
 Submit the outputs based on the given schedule by the instructor.

OFFLINE

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GE:5

MODULE LESSONS AND COVERAGE

Lesson Topics I should be able to… Estimated

time

1  Understand the
importance of considering
culture in workplace
Communication in the communication in the 21 st
Workplace century 2 hours

 Identify the cultural

factors that influence
inter-cultural or cross-
cultural communication.

2 Simulating the  Construct basic workplace

Philippine Workplace documents based on the 2 hours
principles of corporate/
professional
communication
 Effectively introduce
oneself and answer
questions in a scenario
simulating the job
interview

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PRE-TEST
`
Choose the letter of the best answer, write the letter on the blank
before the number.

_____1. The communication process is made up of _____.

a. sender, channel, recipient c. initiator, channel, recipient
b. sender, channel, receiver d. sender, outlet, receiver

_____2. This type of communicating climate tends to promote a higher level of productivity
and job satisfaction.
a. open and unorganized c. closed and unorganized
b. open and clear d. closed and clear
_____3. Which of the following channels of communication would be the most appropriate
for contacting a client if you were working on the road?
a. Work schedule c. Memorandum
b. Two way radio d. Telephone

Study

Communication is one of the major concerns in the workplace. Creating and

maintaining a positive work environment is what means effective workplace
communication. Let‘s find out how it can be done.
Read the following articles and answer the question that follows:
 Good Communication in the Workplace
 How and why?

1. Have you ever engaged in intercultural communication?

2. Describe what as interesting and/or what was challenging about the experience.

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GE:5

Research

There are several factors that can affect or disrupt

communication in the workplace, Let‘s find out how to solve the
issues by visiting the following links:

1. Let‘s watch the following Video Presentations:

 10 ways to have a better conversation

2. Read the following articles:

 Intercultural issues in the workplace
 The importance of intercultural communication in the
workplace
3. Answer the following questions:
Process Questions:
i. Why is is important to be culturally sensitive in the
workplace?
ii. Why do we need effective communication skills at
work?
Activity 2

Research

For offline learners, you can look for the attached file on the appendix
section.

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Analysis

Analyse this essay and answer the following questions

1. List or identify the three situations detailed in the essay

and explain them in your own words.

2. Are there any equivalent examples you can give

from the Philippine context?

3. Which of the suggested solutions for each situation do

you think would work well for Filipinos? Discuss why.

POST-TEST
`
Choose the letter of the best answer, write the letter on the blank
before the number.

_____1. The communication process is made up of _____.

a. sender, channel, recipient c. initiator, channel, recipient
b. sender, channel, receiver d. sender, outlet, receiver

_____2. This type of communicating climate tends to promote a higher level of productivity
and job satisfaction.
c. open and unorganized c. closed and unorganized
d. open and clear d. closed and clear
_____3. Which of the following channels of communication would be the most appropriate
for contacting a client if you were working on the road?
a. Work schedule c. Memorandum
b. Two way radio d. Telephone

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GE:5

8|P a g e
 INTRODUCTION

In this lesson, you will apply the principles of the first two lessons. You will
review the general principles of workplace communication by writing several
workplace documents: memos, business letters, and emails. The exercises will be
drawn from your realm of experience but will be geared toward your future in the
workplace. In line with his framing, you will learn about the job application
process, from the writing of effective cover letters and resumes, to the job
interview process.

Pre-test
Draft a workplace document(Choose one only)

 Memo
 Business Letter

Before we can use the effective communication skills we have learned in

the previous topics, first we need to know the basics of JOB APPLICATION
and BASIC WORKPLACE DOCUMENTS.

Many people cant differentiate a CV(curriculum vitae) and Resume,

Memo and a business letter, Let‘s find out their differences by clicking on
the links:
The Difference between memo and business letter

The difference between a CV and a Resume

Process Questions(activity 1)

1. What are the similarities and differences of a Memo and a Business Letter?
2. What are the similarities and differences of a CV and a Resume?

Study
 Purposive
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GE:5
Research

Getting a job is not an easy task so we should equip ourselves

with the basics of Job Application and the most important among all
is the Job interview.So, How can we prepare for the Job Interview?
Lets watch this video

Now that we know about the differences between the basic

workplace documents, We should know how to create this essential
documents and more. Click the links to find out and answer the
following Questions.

Workplace documents
 How to write a Basic workplace document

Lets answer the following questions:
1. What are the steps in preparing for a job interview?
2. List atleast five (5) basic workplace document.

Research

For offline learners, you can look for the attached files on the
appendix section.

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Analysis
Below is an example of a badly written business letter. Rewrite the business letter
to make it more formal.

Create a short Mock Job Interview video

This will serve as your MIDTERMS PROJECT
Mechanics:
1. There should only be 2 character roles(Applicant and Interviewer)
and 1 cast of character (You will act as the applicant and
interviewer )
2. Video length should be no more than 5 minutes and no less than 2
minutes.
3. Be resourceful and creative

Transfer
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 Purposive
Exemplary
Communication
Concept
25% Has a clear picture of what they
are trying to achieve. Adequate
description of what they are
trying to do and generally how
his/her work will contribute to the
final project.
Script/
Storyboard
The storyboard illustrates the
25% video presentation structure with
thumbnail sketches of each
scene. Notes of proposed
transition, special effects, sound
and title tracks incl: text, color,
placement, graphics, etc. Notes
about proposed dialogue/
narration text are included.
Content/
Organizatio
The content includes a clear
n
statement of purpose or theme
25% and is creative, compelling and
clearly written. A rich variety of
supporting information in the
video contributes to the
understanding of the project’s
main idea. Events and
messages are presented in a
logical order. Includes properly
cited sources.
Quality
25% Video was completed and had
all required elements. The video
was well edited and moves
smoothly from scene to scene
with proper use of transitions.
Audio and other enhancements
were well used.
Final
Score
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Rubrics for Mock Job Interview
Proficient
GE:5
Has a fairly clear picture of what
they are trying to achieve. Can
describe what they are trying to do
overall but has trouble describing
how his/her work will contribute to
the final project.
The storyboard includes thumbnail
sketches of each video scene and
includes text for each segment of
the presentation, descriptions of
background audio for each scene,
and notes about proposed shots
and dialogue.
Information is presented as a
connected theme with accurate,
current supporting information that
contributes to understanding the
project’s main idea. Details are
logical and persuasive information
is effectively used. The content
includes a clear point of view with
a progression of ideas and
supporting information. Includes
properly cited sources.
Movie was completed and
contained all required items.
Editing was not done as well as it
should have been. Some poor
shots remain. Movie is still
somewhat choppy. Audio and
other enhancements were utilized,
but not for maximum effect.
Partially Proficient
Has brainstormed their
concept, but no clear focus
has emerged. Goals/final
product not clearly defined.
The thumbnail sketches on
the storyboard are not in
logical sequence and do not
provide complete
descriptions of the video
scenes, audio background,
or notes about the dialogue.
The content does not
present a clearly stated
theme, is vague, and some
of the supporting information
does not seem to fit the main
idea or appears as a
disconnected series of
scenes with no unifying main
idea. Includes few citations
and few facts.
Movie was made, but had
very little if any editing. Many
poor shots remain. Video
was very fragmented and
choppy with little to no audio
reinforcement.
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Draft a workplace document (choose only one)

1. Memo
2. Business Letter
3. Minutes of a meeting

Post test

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Learning Materials in Lesson 1 Communication in the

workplace

Types of Intercultural Issues in the Workplace

As the business world grows into workplace diversity and companies go global,
intercultural issues have become more common. Gender, race, religion,
language and social norms change from culture to culture. The challenge is to
create a workplace friendly to a wide range of cultures, attain a solid
understanding of the issues and make a real commitment to implement social
change through best practices in research, development and training.

Language And Nonverbal Communication

Language barriers can be anything from people with different native languages
attempting to understand each other to using words in the same language that
are acceptable in one culture and highly offensive in others. Hand gestures,
table manners and even eye contact have a place in culture as well. Crossing
these cultural lines can cause conflict. Companies can use cultural sensitivity
training to lessen the effects of involuntary breaches of cultural protocols.

Gender, Ethnicity And Religion

Ethnicity, race, gender and religion create some of the most difficult issues to
overcome in the workplace. Determining which one raises the most problems
depends on the corporate culture. Some of the most talked-about issues
include gender equality, political views associated with specific cultures,
observance of religious holidays and ethnic stereotyping.

Authoritarian Concepts
Views of hierarchy within familial and business structures vary greatly across
cultures. A U.S. native might expect to report to a direct manager, with that
manager having a direct report as well. On the other hand, in some European
and Middle Eastern cultures, authority isn‘t so clearly defined, and employees
can expect greater acceptance of input. In Chinese cultures, the final authority
is the government, with little room for employee contribution of any type,
except at executive levels.

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Social Constructs
Ignorance of other social norms and acceptable behaviors lead to difficulties in
global business communications. With an ever-widening global reach, people of
diverse backgrounds must learn to interact in a way that others find
acceptable. While this can be difficult, corporate training that includes some
level of social education is becoming more common around the world and can
help promote cooperation and understanding.

Learning materials in Writing a Memo

Writing a Memorandum Worksheet

Writing a Memorandum

An inter-office memorandum—or memo for short—is an efficient way to communicate

information to people within an organization, while at the same time providing a written record
of your communication. It is less formal than a letter, and it takes less time to create. A
memo does not have a salutation (Dear__) or a formal closing (Sincerely yours).

Memoranda (the plural for memorandum) may be sent through inter-office mail or through
email.

Parts of a Memorandum

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A memo has the following parts: (1) the heading, (2) the message or body, (3) the reference
initials, and (4) notations, if appropriate.

The heading includes the name of the person or persons to whom the memo is being sent, the
name of person(s) receiving a copy (if appropriate), the name of the sender, the date, and the
subject of the memo. Persons to whom a copy is being sent may, alternatively, be indicated
at the bottom of the memo after the reference initials.

The message, or body, of the memo should contain these key components of a business
letter: an opening that clarifies why the memo is being sent; details that are needed for
understanding or support of what is being presented or asked; and a closing that makes clear
what action is requested.

The person sending the memo should write his/her initials over or next to his/her name in the
‗From‘ part of the heading to document that it really came from him/her; or, alternatively, the
person may sign the memo at the bottom beneath the message. Typed initials at the bottom
of the page should be used to indicate who typed the memo if that person is different from
the person writing it.

If there is an attachment, it should be noted at the bottom of the page in the notations part.

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Manuscript Requirements for a Memo

1. Start your memo 2 inches from the top of the paper. Word processing programs generally
have a default one-inch top margin. You will need to press the <enter> key six times to move
down another inch.

2. Type in the title ‗Memo‘ or ‗Memorandum‘ in a large font (30 or higher), and perhaps bold,
either center- or left-justified, followed by three blank lines. (Press <enter> four times.)

Follow the directions below to create the heading. This section contains the word ‗To ‘ with the
name of the person to whom the memo is directed; ‗From‘ with the name of the sender; ‗Date,‘
with the current date; and ‗Subject‘ or ‗Re,‘ followed by a brief statement of the subject of the
memo. The heading may be single- or double-spaced, though double spacing makes it easier
to read. Generally the heading is left-justified, and the headings themselves (To, From, Date,
Subject) are generally mixed upper and lower case, though they can be all upper case.

To enter appropriate names and dates after each of the headings, use the <tab> key after the
colons to align the information.

3. At the left margin, key To: Use the <tab> key and key the name of the person. Then
press <enter> twice.

4. At the left margin, key From: Use the <tab> key and key the name of the person. Then
press <enter> twice.
5. At the left margin, key Date: Use the <tab> key and key the date. Then press <enter>
twice.

6. At the left margin, key Subject: Use the <tab> key and key the subject. Then press
<enter> three times.

7. Begin keyboarding the body of the memo.

8. If the person keying the memo is different from the person who wrote it, press <enter>
twice and key the initials of that person in lower case.

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9. If there is an attachment, press <enter> twice and key Attachment on the left margin.

NOTE: If a copy of the memo is being sent to someone else, insert CC: on the left margin
between steps 3 and 4 above and indicate to whom it is being copied, OR insert this
information after step 8, below reference initials.

Look at the model on the following page.

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Sample Memo

Memo

To: Students

Cc: Ruth Garcia, Principal

From: John McMahon, Instructor

Date: April 17, 2005

Subject: Completing Career Portfolios

I want to remind all of you that you are required to complete and present a
career portfolio in order to receive credit for this class, as explained in the course
syllabus. The due date for completed portfolios is no later than May 31. To
date, I have reviewed only 5 portfolios.
As a reminder, required components of the portfolio are listed on the portfolio
checklist in your assignment packet. They include a completed application form,
a resume, three letters of reference, a cover letter to accompany a resume or
make a job inquiry, and a follow-up thank you letter. Those wishing extra credit
should also include at least four work samples, a personal reflective essay (per
instructions), and an alternate resume using one of the formats we discussed in
class.
Presentations of your portfolios will take place the first week in June. Only after
I have reviewed your portfolio will I schedule your oral presentation, so the
choice slots will go to those who turn in their work early.
Now is the time to speak to me if you have any questions. I am here to help!

Attachment

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Learning Materials in ―Job Interview‖

When seeking employment, an interview with a hiring manager is often required.
An interview is a great way to assess if you‘re qualified for the position you‘re
applying for. The way an employer conducts an interview, the questions they ask
and the duration of the process will vary from company to company. In general,
though, they will have a similar structure. In this article, we‘ll discuss what to
expect in an interview and how to best prepare.
What is an interview?
An interview is a meeting in which you answer questions that highlight your skills
and qualifications for a job. Interviews are often held with one interviewer and
an interviewee, but you may meet with multiple interviewers at once. You might
also go through multiple rounds of interviews that ensure you‘re the right
candidate for the job. Interviews can take place in person, over the phone or
video call or even in a group setting.
What to expect for an interview

There are several things to expect when it comes to the interview process, but
the format will greatly depend on the company you‘re interviewing with. Here is
a general overview of what you can expect during a formal, in-person interview.
The pre-interview process

Prior to your interview, you will have already been in communication with a
recruiter or even the hiring manager. It‘s likely you already sent them your
resume and cover letter after determining their job posting interests you. If
required, you might have also provided them with your portfolio or other
supporting materials they can use to evaluate you as a potential asset to their
company.
If they think you might be a good fit for the role, you should expect to hear back
from them. In this scenario, they‘ll either ask you to come in for a formal
interview or ask to speak with you over the phone or via a video call. If the latter
is the case, this means they want to get to know you a bit more before moving
forward. Recruiters will often screen candidates by phone before asking them to
come in for a formal interview. Be prepared to answer general questions about
your background and experience. They will also be gauging your interest in the
role and the company itself.
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You can rest assured that they felt confident enough in your abilities to want to
know more about you and your expertise.
During the interview

While every company and human resources department works differently, the
way they structure their interviews is generally the same.
When you arrive for your interview, head to the secretary or reception desk and
let them know who you are and what position you‘re interviewing for. You‘ll
likely be asked to sit in a waiting area until the hiring manager is ready to see
you. It‘s important to stay off your phone so you don‘t seem disinterested in the
role.
Once the hiring manager has greeted you, they‘ll likely escort you to their office.
They might engage in small talk during this time. It‘s important to stay attentive
and actively listen to everything they have to say, even before the interview has
officially begun. The hiring manager will then provide you details about the job
you applied for and the qualities of the candidate they‘re hoping to fit the role.

Once the interviewer gives you an idea of the position and what it entails, they‘ll
want to hear how you are qualified for the role. They‘ll ask a series of general,
behavioral, situational and in-depth questions as they pertain to your industry.
Be prepared to answer questions regarding your experience, skills and
achievements. It‘s also possible they might ask you about employment gaps and
your preferred salary range. No interviewer will have the same questions, so it‘s
best to prepare for the most common ones you‘re likely to encounter.
Here are common interview questions that you can likely expect:

 Can you tell me a little bit about yourself?

 Why did you leave your last job?

 What are you looking for in a job?

 How did you hear about this position?

 What do you know about the company?

 Where do you see yourself in five years?

 Why should we hire you?

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After a round of questions, the hiring manager might ask if you have any
questions about the position or company. This is your opportunity to get clarity
about anything, express your interest in the role and show that you‘ve done your
research on the company. In essence, this is a great way to show the hiring
manager how interested you are in working for them.

After the interview, the hiring manager might give you a sense of what the
workplace environment is like by giving you a tour of the workplace. There‘s also
a chance they‘ll introduce you to your potential future colleagues. Be sure to
thank your interviewer both for their time and for the opportunity to interview
for the position before leaving.

How to prepare for an interview

Along with preparing how to answer interview questions, it‘s also important to
consider other aspects that will set you up for a successful interview. Prior to
your interview, use the following steps to guide you:
1. Review the job description.

Reviewing the job description is vital in understanding exactly what the hiring
manager is looking for in a candidate. The job posting is a great guide that can
help you better comprehend what the position entails and what will be expected
of you should you be hired. Be sure to review it in its entirety, as you‘re likely to
receive questions pertaining to it. The more you can present how you align with
the details in the job posting, the more qualified your interviewer will see you for
the role.
2. Consider why you’re applying for the position.

If you applied for the job, it‘s more than likely this is a role you‘d like to have.
Make sure to know exactly why this position is for you and why you want it in
the first place. The hiring manager is likely to ask you about your interest in the
role and why you‘d make a good fit.
3. Think of how you might answer interview questions.

Review common interview questions you might encounter for your field, and
consider your answers to each of them. This will help you feel more fully
prepared when you go in. Running through common interview questions will give
you an idea of how you‘ll craft your answers.

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4. Research the company.

Researching the company will help guide your answers to common interview
questions and give you a better idea of the company culture and role.
Researching the company and position is a great way to stand out among other
candidates while also expressing your interest in the position.

5. Practice your speaking voice, body language and mannerisms.

Confidence and body language are a great way to make a good first impression.
Practice a strong speaking voice and friendly body language. Nodding your head
while listening, planting your feet to the ground while sitting and sitting all the
way back in your seat are just some things to keep in mind during your
interview.

Related: Nonverbal Communication Skills: Definition and Examples

6. Prepare questions to ask the interviewer.

Asking insightful questions at the end of the interview is a great way to show
your interest in working for the company. Prepare several questions to ask the
interviewer that pertain to the position, company and office environment.
7. Practice your interview ahead of time.

Ask a friend or family member to walk through a mock interview with you. You
can also practice your answers out loud to yourself. Knowing the flow of the
interview process will help you stay calm and give you a better idea of what to
expect come the day of the interview. Repeatedly walking through a mock
interview will make you more comfortable and confident.
Related: 21 Job Interview Tips: How to Make a Great Impression

8. Print your resume to take with you.

While many recruiters will have a digital copy of your resume, printing a hard
copy is a good idea in case they don‘t have one readily available on the day of
the interview. Bringing a copy of your resume with you will let them see that
you‘ve come prepared. If you‘re interviewing with more than one person, be sure
to print multiple copies.

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9. Plan your travel arrangements.

Coordinate how and when you will arrive at your interview. Make sure to map
your route and leave plenty of time for travel and potential traffic. Arriving early
for your interview is a great way to show your interviewer that you are punctual.
Arrange to leave early should traffic become an issue. Have the address of the
location readily available if you need to reference it.
If something out of your control comes up, keep your interviewer‘s contact
information on hand, as well, in case you need to call them and make them
aware of the situation. If your interview will take place in an area close to you,
it‘s a good idea to visit the surrounding location in advance to scope out parking
and traffic so you know what to expect the day of your interview.
10. Plan your attire.

Have your outfit laid out ahead of time. Select attire that will help you make the
best impression. The style of outfit you choose should depend on the company‘s
dress code. Some companies have a formal dress code whereas many startups
tend to have a more casual and laid-back dress code. Dress for the company
you‘re hoping to work for.

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Rubrics for Mock Job Interview Video

References
https://www.notredameonline.com/resources/intercultural-
management/intercultural-communication-in-the-global-workplace/
https://eoc.sa.gov.au/about-equal-opportunity/employment/work/cultural-
differences-workplace
Interculturality and Diversity - NCCR PlanetS

Intercultural Communicative Competence. – The wannabe linguist

https://he.kendallhunt.com/sites/default/files/heupload/pdfs/Insley_2e_Ch9.pdf
https://woman.thenest.com/linguistic-anthropologists-do-3390.html
https://www.instructionalsolutions.com/blog/memo-format
https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/nonverbal-communication-
skills

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The Dominican Blessing

May God the Father bless us.
May God the Son heal us.
May God the Holy Spirit enlighten us,
and give us eyes to see with,
ears to hear with,
hands to do the work of God with,
feet to walk with,
a mouth to preach the word of salvation with,
and the angel of peace to watch over us and lead us at
last,
by our Lord‘s gift to the Kingdom.
Amen

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