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Solution
Step I: Calculation of VTH
Removing the 10 Ω resistor from the network,
For Mesh 1,
I1 = 10
Applying KVL to Mesh 2,
100 – 30I2 – 20I3 = 0
I2 = 2 A
Writing VTH equation,
5I1 – VTH – 20 I2 = 0
VTH = 5 I1 – 20 I2
= 5(10) – 20(2)
= 10 V
20
IL = =0.37 A
5+1.67
Solution
[ 600 0
120 ] [ II 12] = [ 800]
I1 = 2.67 A
I2 = 1.33 A
RTH = 16.66 W
Solution
Step I: Calculation of VTH
Removing the 10 Ω resistor from the network,
10
IL =60x =1.68 A
10+2
Solution
Step I: Calculation of VTH
Removing the 20 Ω resistor from the network,
From Fig.
VTH = 100 V
Step II: Calculation of RTH
Replacing the voltage source by a short circuit and the current source by an open
circuit,
RTH = 0
Step III: Calculation of IL
100
IL = = 5A
20
By source transformation,
RTH = (2 || 2) + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2 Ω
Step III: Calculation of IL
15
IL = = 3A
2+ 3
ANS: IL=4.38
ANS: IL=0.09A
ANS: IL=2.55A
2 Norton
1 For the given circuit find the Norton equivalent between points A and B.
Solution
Step I: Calculation of IN
Replacing 2 Ω resistor by short circuit,
2 Using Norton’s theorem, calculate the current flowing through the 15 Ω load resistor
in the given circuit.
Solution
Step I: Calculation of IN
10
IL =1.4x =0.56 A
10+15
RN = 50||20 = 14.28 Ω
Step III: Calculation of IL
14.28
IL =1.5x =0.88 A
14.28+10
Solution
Step I: Calculation of IN
Replacing the 8 Ω resistor by a short circuit,
The resistor of the 4 Ω gets shorted as it is in parallel with the short circuit.
Simplifying
the network by source transformation,
RN = 12 || 4 = 3 Ω
Step III: Calculation of IL
15
IL =6.58x =1.79 A
2+ 3
Solution
Step I: Calculation of IN
Replacing the 1 Ω resistor by a short circuit,
By source transformation,
2.2
IL =0.59x =0.41 A
2.2+ 1
6
3 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
1 For the given circuit find the value of R Lfor maximum power transfer and calculate
themaximum power absorbed by R L.
Solution
Step I: Calculation of VTH
Removing the variable resistor RL from the network,
4X2
R1 = =0.73Ω
4+ 2+ 5
4 X5
R2 = =1.82Ω
4+ 2+ 5
5X2
R3 = =0.91Ω
4+ 2+ 5
Simplifying the network,
V Th 2 (2.31)2
PMAX= = =0.41W
4 × R Th 4 X 3.27
2 For the given circuit, find the value of ‘ R L’ so that maximum power is dissipated in
it.Also, find Pmax .
Solution
Step I: Calculation of VTH
Removing the resistor R L from the network,
2X1
R1 = =0.4Ω
2+ 1+ 2
2X1
R2= =0.4Ω
2+ 1+ 2
2X2
R3 = =0.8Ω
2+ 1+ 2
Simplifying the network,
RTH = 2.85 Ω
Step III: Value of R L
For maximum power transfer
R L = RTH = 2.85 Ω
Step IV: Calculation of Pmax
V Th 2 (15.85)2
PMAX= = =22.04W
4 × R Th 4 X 2.85
3 Find the value of resistance RL for maximum power transfer and calculate the maximum power
RTh = 10 | | 5 = 3.33 W
Step III: Value of RL
For maximum power transfer
RL = RTh = 3.33 W
Step IV: Calculation of Pmax
V Th 2 (60)2
PMAX = =270.27W
4 × R Th 4 X 3.33
4 Find the value of resistance RL for maximum power transfer and calculate maximum
power.
Solution
Step I : Calculation of VTh
Removing the variable resistor RL from the network,
RTh = 6.48 W
Step III: Value of RL
For maximum power transfer
RL = RTh = 6.48 W
Step IV: Calculation of Pmax
V Th 2 (2.67)2
PMAX= = =0.29W
4 × R Th 4 X 6.48
5 Find the value of resistance the RL for maximum power transfer and calculate the maximum
power.
Solution
Step I: Calculation of VTh
Removing the variable resistor RL from the network,
By star-delta transformation,
100
I= =2.08A
5+5+20+9+ 9
Writing VTh equation,
100 – 5I – VTh – 9I = 0
VTh = 100 – 14I
= 100 – 14(2.08)
= 70.88 V
Step II: Calculation of RTh
Replacing the voltage source by a short circuit
RTh = 23.92 Ω
Step III: Value of RL
For maximum power transfer
RL = RTh = 23.92 W
Step IV: Calculation of Pmax
V Th 2 (70.88)2
PMAX= = =52.51W
4 × R Th 4 X 23.92