BES15a – Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

Lecture Notes #5

BSME 3A

Russel Loma

Carl Owen Olaviaga

Cj Hernandez Cabria

Ronald Bermundo

Domenick Maranan
Area Method of Drawing Shear-Moment Diagrams:

For Distributed loading:

−𝑑𝑣
𝑊=
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑚
𝑉=
𝑑𝑥
𝑉𝐵 = 𝑉𝐴 − 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑊 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚]𝐵𝐴

𝑀𝐵 = 𝑀𝐴 + 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚]𝐵𝐴

For concentrated force and couples:

𝑉𝐴+ = 𝑉𝐴− − 𝑃𝐴 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃𝐴 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒

𝑀𝐴+ = 𝑀𝐴− + 𝐶𝐴 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝐴 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑝𝑙𝑒

Procedure for Area Method:

1) Compute the support reactions from the FBD of the entire beam.
2) Draw the load diagram of the beam (which is essentially an FBD) showing the values of the
loads, including the support reactions. Use sign conventions to determine the correct sign
of each load.
3) Working from left to right, construct V and M diagrams.
4) When you reach the right end of the beam, check to see whether the computed values of
V and M are consistent with the end conditions.

Problem: (Using Area Method) PB=30 kN

y
4m 3m 3m

A E x
B D
CD=40 kN-m

The simply supported beam in the figure supports a 30 kN concentrated force at B and a 40 kN-m
couple at D. Sketch the shear force and bending moment diagrams by the area method. Neglect
the weight of the beam.
 Load Diagram:

Shear:

Moment:

For Shear Force diagram:

𝑉𝐴− = 0 because there is no loading applied at the left of A.

𝑉𝐴+ = 𝑉𝐴− − 𝑅𝐴 = 0 − (−14) = +14𝑘𝑁 ⓐ

𝑉𝐵+ = 𝑉𝐵− − 𝑃𝐵 = 14 − (+30) = +16𝑘𝑁 ⓑ

𝑑𝑢
Because 𝑤 = − 𝑑𝑥 = 0 between a and b, the slope of the U-diagram is zero between these points.

𝑉𝐸− = 𝑉𝐵+ − 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚]𝐸𝐵 = −16 − 0 = −16𝑘𝑁 ⓒ

𝑉𝐵− = 𝑉𝐴+ − 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚]𝐵𝐴 = 14 − 0 = 14𝑘𝑁 ⓓ

−𝑑𝑢
𝑤= 𝑑𝑥
= 0 between B and E, slope of U-diagram is zero in segment BE

Because there is no loading to the right of E, 𝑉𝐸+ = 0

𝑉𝐸+ = 𝑉𝐸− − 𝑅𝐸 = −16 − (−16) = 0

For Bending Moment Diagram:

𝑀𝐴 = 0 (since there is no couple applied at A) ⓔ

𝑀𝐵 = 𝑀𝐴 + 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚]𝐵𝐴 = 0 + (+56) = 56𝑘𝑁 ∗ 𝑚 ⓕ

𝑀𝐷− = 𝑀𝐵 + 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚]𝐷

𝐵 = 56 + (−48) = 8𝑘𝑁 ∗ 𝑚 ⓖ

Slope of V-diagram B and D is negative and constant, the m diagram has a constant
negative slope in this segment.

𝑀𝐷+ = 𝑀𝐷− + 𝐶𝐷 = 8 + (+40) = 48𝑘𝑁 ∗ 𝑚 ⓗ

𝑀𝐸 = 0 (because there is no couple applied at E)

To check:

𝑀𝐸 = 𝑀𝐷+ + 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚]𝐸𝐷 = 48 + (−48) = 0

Note:

The shear force between D and E is negative and constant which means that the slope of the m-
diagram for this segment is also constant and negative.

Problem (For SW/Assignment):

1. Write the shear force and bending moment diagram and compute for the maximum
moment.

2. Same instruction as problem 1

Stresses in Beams:

a.) Bending stresses- the stresses caused by the bending moment are known as bending stresses
or flexure stresses. The relationship between these stresses and the bending moment is called
flexure formula.

Flexure Formula;
−𝑀𝑦
𝐺= ; note: a positive bending moment M causes negative (compressive) stress above
𝐼
the neutral axis and positive (tensile) stress below the neutral axis.

|𝑀|𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑐
𝐺𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝐼
Where |𝑀|𝑚𝑎𝑥 = is the largest bending moment in a beam regardless of sign, and

c = is the distance from the neutral axis to the outermost point of the cross section.
|𝑀|𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝐺𝑚𝑎𝑥 = Where; 𝑆 = 𝐼/𝑐 = section modulus of the beam.
𝑆

For rectangle:

𝑏ℎ2
𝑆=
6
For solid Circle:

𝜋𝑟 3 𝜋𝑑3
𝑆= =
4 32
For tube:
𝜋
𝑆= (𝑅 4 − 𝑟 4 )
4𝑅
For triangle:

𝑏ℎ2
𝑆=
24

Problem:

The simply-supported beam in the figure has a rectangular cross section 120 mm wide and
200mm high (1.) Compute the maximum bending stress in the beam (2.) Sketch the
bending stress distribution over the cross section on which the maximum bending stress
occurs, (3.) Compute the bending stress at a point on section B that is 25 mm below the
top of the beam.
Solution: Figure:

6 KN/m 15 KN

E
B D
100 mm
2m 1m C 100 mm

120 mm
14 𝑅𝐴 = 14 𝐾𝑁 𝑅𝐸 = 19 𝐾𝑁

9.2

V(KN)

-13

16 -19

9.28

M(KN.m)
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 16 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 𝑎𝑡 𝐷
𝑏ℎ3 (0.12)(0.2)3
𝐼= = = 80 𝑥 10−6 𝑚4 , 𝐶 = 100 𝑚𝑚 = 0.10 𝑚
12 12
1. Maximum bending stress in the beams occurs in the cross sections that carries the largest
bending moment which is at D.
|𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 |𝐶 (1.6 𝑥 103 )(0.10)
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 20 𝑥 106 𝑃𝑎 = 20 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐼 80 𝑥 10−6
2. Stress Distribution at the Cross-section D
20 MPa

100 mm
NA
100 mm

3. 𝜇𝐵 = 9.28 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
20 MPa

𝑦 = 100 − 25 = 75 𝑚𝑚 = 0.075 𝑚

−𝑀𝑦 (−9.28 𝑥 107 )(0.075)

𝜎𝐵 = 𝐼
= 80 𝑥 10−6
= −8.70 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠)
Shear Stress in Beams:
𝑉𝑄
𝜏=
𝐼𝑏
Where:

𝑏 = 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝜏 = 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝑄 = 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝐼 = 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝑑𝑀
𝑉=
𝑑𝑥

For rectangular and wide flange sections;

3𝑉 3𝑉
𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =
26ℎ 2𝐴
Problem:

The simply supported wood beam in the figure is fabricated by gluing together three 160mm by
80mm planks as shown. Calculate the maximum shear stress in 1) the glue and 2) the wood.

Figure:

Gl
ue

24KN 24KN

24

V(KN) -24

From the Shear force diagram; Vmax = 24KN-24

𝑏ℎ 3 (160)(240)3
𝐼= 12
= 12
= 184.32x106mm4 = 184.32x10-6m4
For the stress
𝑉𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑄
𝜏𝑀𝑎𝑥 = 𝛾𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐼𝑏
Where Q is the first moment of A ‘
80
y’=80 y̅’=80
40 NA
80
80
Q=A’y = (160 x 80)
160
= 1.024 x 106 mm3
= 1.024 x 10-3 m3

𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑄
Therefore, the maximum shear stress in the glue; 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =
𝑇𝑏
(24𝑥103 )(1.024𝑥103 )
(184.32𝑥10−6 )(0.160)

= 833𝑥103 𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑠.

For the Wood; (rectangular wood)

𝜏 120 y̅=60
3𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 3(24𝑥103 )
max= = =938𝑥103 𝑃𝑎 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
2 𝐴 (0.160)(0.240)
NA
y=60

Or Q = A’y-1= (160x120)(60) = 1.152 x 106 mm6 or 1.152 x 103mm3

𝑉max 𝑄 (24𝑥103 )(1.152𝑥103 )
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐼𝑏
= (184.32𝑥10−6 )(0.160) = 938 𝑘𝑝𝑎 ans.