Research on high power microwave emergency
communication technology
Shi Diwei.
China Academy of Space Technology(Xi’an),Xi’an 710000,China
Abstract—According to the requirement of emergency com-
munication system, a high power microwave emergency commu-
nication scheme based on pulse width modulation is proposed.
The characteristics of high power microwave signals are briefly
introduced .The advantages of high power microwave emergency
communication are analyzed. In this paper, we use numerical
simulation by MATLAB to get the anti-noise performance curve
of high power microwave emergency communication and vali-
date the advantages of high power microwave emergency com-
munication .
Index Terms—pulse width modulation, high power microwave
emergency communication, anti-noise performance
I. INTRODUCTION
In the modern war, information confrontation is more and
more emphasized by all countries, and the struggle between
interference and anti-interference is becoming increasingly
fierce. It is well known that if there is no communication in
the war, there is no command, and communication occupies
an important position in the war. "Emergency communication"
refers to the communication method used during the emergen-
cies. Militarily, when all the conventional methods of commu-
nication are interfered or destroyed by enemy, the command
post is facing communication interrupt, the emergency com-
munication is required to guarantee a minimum of communi-
cation. Therefore, emergency communication should have the
characteristics of strong anti-destruction ability, quick maneu-
ver or opening, strong anti-interference ability, etc. The high
power microwave signal has the characteristics of the high
peak power and concentrated signal energy. If we use high
power microwave signal for emergency communication, the
anti-jamming capability and communication distance of the
communication can be effectively improved.
In this paper , a suitable modulation demodulation scheme
is proposed according to the characteristics of high power mi-
crowave signal. This paper briefly analyzes the advantages of
high power microwave emergency communication. We get the
anti-interference performance of high power microwave
emergency communication system by MATLAB numerical
simulation experiment.
II. HIGH POWER MICROWAVE SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS
High Power Microwave (HPM) is a kind of strong electro-
magnetic pulse, whose frequency range is 1GHz ~ 300GHz,
and the peak Power is over 100MW.HPM has the characteris-
‹,(((
tics of high frequency, short pulse (tens of nanoseconds) and
high power. At present, the pulse peak power of high power
microwave has reached 100 megawatt and gigawatt .The pulse
width ranges from tens of nanoseconds to microseconds. The
repetition rate is usually tens of Hertz to a few hundred Hertz.
digital
1us 500ns 500ns 1us 500ns
baseband
signal
10ms 10ms 10ms 10ms t
ͧͨ
High power
microwave
signal
t
ͧͨ
Fig. 1. Examples of high power microwave signals.
As shown in the Fig.1, the figure (1) is the digital baseband
form of high power microwave signal, and the figure (2) is a
high power microwave signal that can radiate wirelessly after
carrier modulation. The pulse repetition frequency is 100Hz,
the pulse transmission interval is 10ms, the pulse width are
1us or 500ns, and the duty ratio are 1/10000 or 1/20000.
III. ADVANTAGES OF HIGH POWER MICROWAVE EMERGENCY
COMMUNICATION.
High power microwave pulse signal has the big instantane-
ous power and high signal energy. The interference signal is
difficult to achieve the level of power can form effective inter-
ference. So the high power microwave emergency communi-
cation’s anti-jamming capability is strong. It can still maintain
communication in the complex interference environment. At
the same time high-power microwave signal pulse is short,
small duty cycle and its pulse transmission interval is long, so
the real time signal exposed during the communication is very
short. This reduces the probability that signals are detected or
intercepted. What’s more, high-power microwave emergency
communication is only Short-term used in the emergencies, it
is not easy for enemies to grasp the rules and characteristics of
signals in advance to implement deceptive interference.
Thereby high-power microwave emergency communication
can enhance the anti-interference ability of emergency com-
munication system and make communication safe and reliable.
IV. HIGH POWER MICROWAVE EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION Fig. 3. Binary high power microwave pulse width modulation process
diagram
SCHEME

According to the characteristics of high power microwave

V. THE DEMODULATION OF HIGH POWER MICROWAVE PULSE
signal, this paper proposes the pulse width modulation of high
WIDTH MODULATION
power microwave signal.
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) uses different pulse widths High power microwave pulse width modulation has two
to characterize different symbols. The symbol sequence of its basic demodulation methods: Envelope detection method and
digital baseband signal can be expressed as: synchronous detection method. The corresponding principle
block diagram is shown in Fig 4 and Fig 5.
¦ g( a  nTs ) .
t
s (t ) (1) Modulated
Demodulation
signal output
signal input Coupled Full wave Low pass Pulse width
n m circuit rectifier filter adjudicator.

In the equation (1), ^a m ,1 d m d M` represents M dif- Envelope demodulation schematic diagram

Fig. 4. Envelope demodulation schematic diagram

ferent duty ratio, Ts represents a symbol period. Modulated Demodulation
signal input signal output
Coupled Low pass Pulse width
­1, 0 d t d Ts
multiplier
circuit filter adjudicator.

g (t ) ® . (2)
¯0, others Coherent
carrier

The pulse width modulation signal can be expressed as: Synchronous demodulation schematic diagram

Fig. 5. Synchronous demodulation schematic diagram

¦ g( a  nTs ) cos Zc t
t
. ePWM (t ) (3)
 n m VI. ANTI-INTERFERENCE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
Let A be the power magnification, the high power micro- In this paper, the numerical simulation experiment is used to
wave pulse width modulation signal can be expressed as: analyze the anti-jamming performance of high-power micro-
wave emergency communication by MATLAB. The simula-
A¦ g(  nTs ) cos Zc t tion signal is a pulse width modulated signal, which is sent
t
. e(t ) (4)
am through a series of narrow pulses with different pulse widths.
 n
We use pulses with a pulse width of 500 ns to represent the
For example, in the binary pulse width modulation, we use symbol "0", 1us to the symbol "1". The symbol frequency Rs
the narrow pulse to represent the symbol "0" and the wide (the number of symbols transmitted per second) is 100Hz. The
pulse to symbol "1". pulse duty ratio of 500ns width is 1/20000. The pulse duty
High power
microwave
ratio of 1us width is 1/10000. There is only 1bit of information
Transmitting
Binary
digital
Digital
baseban multiplier
High
power
signal antenna per symbol, so Eb=Es, Eb is the energy per bit signal and Es
signal. d signal amplifier is the energy per bit signal. N0 is the power spectral density of
noise. The signal-to-noise ratio is given as Eb/N0. In the
carrier
Matlab program, function awgn (signal,SNR) produce Gaussi-
an white noise according to the known SNR. The simulation
Fig. 2. Binary high power microwave pulse width modulation transmitter
block diagram
sampling frequency is fs=1GHz. S is the average power of the
Binary signal and N is the average power of noise. W is the band-
digital
signal
    width of Gaussian white noise. In the simulation W=fs. The
signal amplitude is normalized to 1V.
   
Digital
baseban S EsRs EbRs
d signal. = . (5)
N N 0W N 0W
carrier S
SNR 10 lg( ) . (6)
Pulse width
N
modulation
signal Equation (5) and (6) shows the relationship between SNR
High power
and Eb/N0. Because the sampling frequency is too high, be-
microwave yond the memory capacity of the PC, so we reduced the
pulse width
modulation bandwidth W in proportion, Wc W u 5 u 10-4 =5 u 104 Hz , the
signal. number of sampling points in each symbol is m=fs/Rs=500.
The duty ratio of the original signal pulses are 1/20000 and
1/10000 respectively. Pulses cannot be expressed with the better anti-noise performance, while its coherent demodulation
sample points within each symbol. So we raise their duty ratio has better anti-noise performance than Non-coherent demodu-
to 1/20 and 1/10, then pulses can be represented in 25 and 50 lation. Taking the high-power microwave signal in numerical
samples per symbol. Ebc Eb u103 experiments as an example, when the peak power is 100MW,
the average power of the signal is 5kW.To form an effective
Sc EbcRs Eb u 103 Rs Eb interference, the interference signal power required is almost
= = u2. (7)
Nc N 0W c N 0W u 5 u 10 -4
N0 impossible to achieve.
Sc
SNRc 10 lg( )=10 lg( )  3 .
Eb
(8) VII. CONCLUSION
Nc N0
The signal bandwidth is 2kHz. To avoid aliasing, Carrier Through the above analysis, high-power microwave emer-
frequency fc t 2kHz . We choose fc 2kHz . In the case gency communications anti-noise performance is very good,
of ideal matching filter demodulation and the optimal value of in the case of the same signal-to-noise ratio, its bit error rate is
threshold, the signal to noise ratio and error rate curve are much lower than conventional communications. Therefore,
obtained by numerical experiment. high-power microwave emergency communications can be
used in the case of conventional communication is interrupted,
0
10 to ensure the basic communication.

-1
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As shown in Fig. 6 the anti-noise performance of a pulse-
zhou, China, May 2017, pp. 169–172.
width modulated signal is very good because we concentrate
the energy of one symbol in a pulse of very narrow pulse
width. Compared with the conventional 2ASK, 2FSK and
2PSK modulation and demodulation methods, 2PWM has