12.

1 Identifying the substance of gene

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Which bacteria killed the mice in Griffith’s transformation experiment?

a. live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmful bacteria
b. live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmless bacteria
c. live harmful bacteria and heat-killed, harmless bacteria
d. live harmless bacteria, and live, harmful bacteria
____ 2. Griffith called the process he observed transformation because
a. the mouse had been transformed.
b. the harmful bacteria had been transformed.
c. the harmless bacteria had been transformed.
d. the experiment had been transformed.
____ 3. What did Avery conclude caused transformation?
a. DNA was the transforming factor.
b. A protein was the transforming factor.
c. A carbohydrate was the transforming factor.
d. A lipid was the transforming factor.
____ 4. What happened when Griffith injected mice with the harmless, R-strain bacteria alone?
a. The bacteria transformed.
b. The mouse lived.
c. The mouse died.
d. The bacteria died.
____ 5. What would have happened if Avery had added an enzyme that digested all the nucleic acids to the mixture of
heat-killed bacteria, added the mixture to harmless bacteria, and injected the mixture into mice?
a. The harmless bacteria would have been transformed, and the mice would have died.
b. The harmless bacteria would not have been transformed, and the mice would have lived.
c. The harmless bacteria would not have been transformed, and the mice would have died.
d. The harmless bacteria would have been transformed, and the mice would have lived.
____ 6. What property of DNA does bacterial transformation illustrate?
a. Bacterial DNA cannot move into other bacteria and function.
b. Bacterial DNA can move into another bacteria and function.
c. Bacterial DNA uses four nucleotides bases that work in pairs.
d. Bacterial DNA is found in a circular chromosome.
____ 7. Griffith`s experiments advanced the study of genetics by proving that
a. there is a chemical that contains genetic information that can be passed from one organism
to another.
b. bacteria can make people sick by infecting them with a chemical that contains genetic
information.
c. the bacteria that can make mice sick are the same bacteria that can be grown in culture
dishes in a laboratory.
d. genetic information can be passed from parents to their offspring during sexual
reproduction.
____ 8. What is inside a bacteriophage?
a. protein
b. nucleic acid
c. lipid
d. carbohydrate
____ 9. What do bacteriophages infect?
a. mice.
b. humans.
c. viruses.
d. bacteria.
____ 10. Why did Hershey and Chase label the viral DNA with radioactive phosphorous and not radioactive sulfur?
a. DNA contains phosphorus and no sulfur.
b. Proteins contain phosphorus and no sulfur.
c. DNA contains sulfur and little phosphorous.
d. Proteins acids contain sulfur and little phosphorous.

Figure 1

____ 11. Which part of the bacteriophage in Figure 1 contains genetic material?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
____ 12. What stores information in a cell?
a. proteins
b. carbohydrates
c. lipids
d. DNA
____ 13. What happens when a piece of DNA is missing?
a. Genetic information is stored.
b. Genetic information is copied.
 c. Genetic information is lost.
d. Genetic information is transmitted.
____ 14. In what way is DNA like a book?
a. DNA has information organized with an kind of index.
b. DNA has stored information, that can be copied and passed on.
c. DNA has information wrapped in an identifying cover.
d. DNA has information that is periodically updated.
____ 15. In which cells is the accurate transmission of information most important?
a. nerve cells
b. skin cells
c. sex cells
d. bone cells

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.

____ 1. When Griffith mixed heat-killed, harmful bacteria with live, harmless bacteria and injected the mixture into
mice, the mice died. _________________________

____ 2. A bacteriophage is larger than a bacterium.

____ 3. Bacteriophages inject protein into bacteria, altering the bacteria’s genetic information.

____ 4. When scientists say that DNA transmits information, they mean that it passes information from one
generation to the next.

Short Answer

1. What did Griffith conclude transformed the harmless bacteria in his experiment?

2. What is a bacteriophage?

3. What does DNA do with information?

12.1 Identifying the substance of gene
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 338 | p. 339

OBJ: 12.1.1 Summarize the process of bacterial transformation.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension
2. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 339
OBJ: 12.1.1 Summarize the process of bacterial transformation.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension
3. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 340
OBJ: 12.1.1 Summarize the process of bacterial transformation.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension
4. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 338 | p. 339
OBJ: 12.1.1 Summarize the process of bacterial transformation.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: knowledge
5. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 340
OBJ: 12.1.1 Summarize the process of bacterial transformation.
BLM: evaluation
6. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 340 | p. 341
OBJ: 12.1.1 Summarize the process of bacterial transformation.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: evaluation
7. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 338 | p. 339
OBJ: 12.1.1 Summarize the process of bacterial transformation.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension
8. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 340 | p. 341
OBJ: 12.1.2 Describe the role of bacteriophages in identifying genetic material.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension
9. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 340
OBJ: 12.1.2 Describe the role of bacteriophages in identifying genetic material.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: knowledge
10. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 341
OBJ: 12.1.2 Describe the role of bacteriophages in identifying genetic material.
BLM: evaluation
11. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 340
OBJ: 12.1.2 Describe the role of bacteriophages in identifying genetic material.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension
12. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 342
OBJ: 12.1.3 Identify the role of DNA in heredity. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: knowledge
13. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 343
OBJ: 12.1.3 Identify the role of DNA in heredity. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
14. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 342 | p. 342
OBJ: 12.1.3 Identify the role of DNA in heredity. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: evaluation
 15. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 343
OBJ: 12.1.3 Identify the role of DNA in heredity. BLM: comprehension

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE

1. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: L1

REF: p. 338 | p. 339 OBJ: 12.1.1 Summarize the process of bacterial transformation.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: knowledge
2. ANS: F, smaller

PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 340

OBJ: 12.1.2 Describe the role of bacteriophages in identifying genetic material.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: evaluation
3. ANS: F, DNA, genetic material

PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 340 | p. 341

OBJ: 12.1.2 Describe the role of bacteriophages in identifying genetic material.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension
4. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: L2
REF: p. 342 | p. 343 OBJ: 12.1.3 Identify the role of DNA in heredity.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension

SHORT ANSWER

1. ANS:
He concluded that a chemical factor, a gene, had transformed the bacteria.

PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 339

OBJ: 12.1.1 Summarize the process of bacterial transformation.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension
2. ANS:
A bacteriophage is a kind of virus that infects and kills bacteria.

PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 340

OBJ: 12.1.2 Describe the role of bacteriophages in identifying genetic material.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension
3. ANS:
DNA stores, copies, and transmits information.

PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 342 | p. 343

OBJ: 12.1.3 Identify the role of DNA in heredity. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: knowledge