TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

1. FISSION:- It is the type of asexual reproduction where a single cell split to

form two or more cells. It is of two types:-

 BINARY FISSION:- It occurs in unicellular organism, where a single

cell splits into two daughter cells. For example:- In Amoeba, binary
fission occurs (in any plane).

 In Leishmania (which causes kala-azar), binary fission occurs in a

definite orientation

 MULTIPLE FISSION:- In multiple fission, single cell divide to form

many cells simultaneously.
For example:- In Plasmodium
2. BUDDING:- In this type of Asexual reproduction, a small outgrowth called
bud occurs on the parents body. The newly formed bud detach from parent
body and grow into mature individual. It occurs in both unicellular (e.g.
yeast) or multicellular (e.g. hydra).

3. FRAGMENTATION:- It occurs in
multicellular organisms, where an
organism split into fragments and each
fragment develop into mature
organism.

 Spirogyra, for example, simply

breaks up into smaller pieces upon
maturation. These pieces or
fragments grow into new
individuals.
 Why all multicellular organisms
cannot divide by the fragmentation?
 Fragmentation is not possible in all multicellular organisms because :
Different levels of complexity is found in different multicellular
organisms. Specialised tissues are organised as tissues, and tissues are
 organized into organs. These need to placed at definite positions in the
body.

4. REGENERATION:- It is a type of
asexual reproduction where fully
differentiated organisms have the ability
to give rise to new individual organisms
from their body parts.
 That is, if the individual is cut or
broken up into many pieces, many
of these pieces grow into separate
individuals. For example, in
Hydra and Planaria

 How regeneration occurs?

 Regeneration is carried out by
specialized cells. These cells proliferate and make large numbers of
cells. From this mass of cells, different cells undergo changes to
become various cell types and tissues. These changes take place in an
organized sequence referred to as development

5. VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION:- It is a kind of asexual mode of

reproduction in plants where Plants parts like the root, stem and leaves
develop into new plants under appropriate conditions.

 ADVANTAGES
1. Plants raised by vegetative propagation can bear flowers and fruits earlier
than those produced from seeds.
2. Such methods also make possible the propagation of seedless plants such as
banana, orange, rose and jasmine
3. All plants produced are genetically similar enough to the parent plant to
have all its characteristics.

 ARTIFICIAL METHODS:-
1. Cutting
2. Grafting
 NATURAL METHODS:-
1. Eyes of potato
2. Leaf of Bryophyllum with buds
3. Rhizomes of ginger