LINES AND ANGLES

Point: An exact location. It has no size, only position.

A

Line segment: A line segment has two end points with a definite length.

Ray: A ray has one end point and infinitely extends in one direction.

Straight line: A straight line has neither starting nor end point and is of infinite length.

B
A
ANGLES
In geometry, an angle can be defined as the figure formed by two rays starting at a common point ‘O’.
An angle is represented by the symbol ∠. Here, the angle shown is ∠AOB.
Rays OA and OB are called as the arms of the angle and
point O as the vertex

Types of angles
Zero angle: An angle whose measure is 0⁰.

Acute angle: An angle whose measure is less than 90⁰.

Example: 23⁰, 49⁰ , 89⁰

Right angle: An angle whose measure is 90⁰.

∠AOB = 90⁰
Obtuse angle: An angle whose measure is greater than 90⁰ but less than 180⁰.

Example: 103⁰, 94⁰

Straight angle: An angle whose measure is 180⁰.

Thus, a straight angle is a straight line.

Reflex angle: An angle whose measure is greater than 180⁰

but less than 360⁰ Example: 273⁰, 194⁰

Complete angle: An angle whose measure is 360⁰.

Name the type of angles the following are:

1) 27⁰ -

2) 199⁰

3) 90⁰

4) 109⁰

5) 180⁰
Complementary angles
Try these Q3) The difference in measures of two
Q2) What is the measure of complement complementary angles is 12⁰. Find the
of each of these angles? measures of the angles.
Solution:
a) 45⁰ Let the unknown angle be x⁰
45⁰ + x = 90⁰ Hence its complement = (90 – x)⁰
x = 90⁰ - 45⁰ = 45⁰ Difference = 12⁰
x – (90 – x) = 12
b) 65⁰
65⁰ + x = 90⁰ x – 90 + x = 12
x = 90⁰ – 65⁰ = 25⁰ 2x – 90 = 12
c)41⁰ 2x = 12 + 90
41⁰ + x = 90⁰ 2x = 102
x = 90⁰ – 41⁰ = 49⁰
x = 102/2 = 51⁰
d) 54 Complement angle = (90 – x)
54⁰ + x = 90⁰
x = 90⁰ – 54⁰ = 36⁰ = (90 – 51) = 39⁰
 Are they
Angle 1 Angle 2
complementary
(degrees) (degrees)
angles?
65 34

100 20

45 46

1 89

56 34

75 25
An angle is greater than 45⁰. Is its complementary angle greater than
45⁰ or equal to 45⁰ or less than 45⁰?
We know that for two angles to be complementary, their sum should be 90⁰

Example 1: Example 2:
angle1 > 45⁰ angle1 > 45⁰
Example 50⁰ Example 80⁰
its complement will be its complement will be
90⁰ - 50⁰ = 40⁰ 90⁰ - 80⁰ = 10⁰
Hence the value of its Hence the value of its
complementary angle complementary angle
has decreased. has decreased.

Hence, if an angle is greater than 45⁰, its complementary angle will be

less than 45⁰
Supplementary angles

Do you notice that the sum of each

pair of angles in each of the above
pairs (fig 5.6) comes out to be 180⁰ ?
Such pairs of angles are called
supplementary angles.
When two angles are supplementary,
each angle is said to be supplement
of the other.
Try These
Q3)Among two supplementary angles the measure of the larger angle is 44⁰
more than the measure of smaller angle. Find the measure of the angles.
Solution: Let the smaller angle be x⁰
Hence the larger angle will be (x + 44)⁰

The two angles are supplementary, therefore their sum is 180⁰

Smaller angle + larger angle = 180⁰

x + x + 44 = 180⁰
2x + 44 = 180
2x = 180 – 44 = 136⁰
x = 136 / 2 = 68⁰

Smaller angle = x = 68⁰

Larger angle = x + 44 = 68 +44 = 112⁰

Verification:
68 + 112 = 180
 Can two angles be supplementary if both of them are:
We know that for two angles to be supplementary, their sum should be 180⁰
(i) acute? (ii) obtuse? (iii) right?
If both angles are acute, If both angles are obtuse, If both angles are right,
angle1 < 90⁰ angle1 >90⁰ angle1 = 90⁰
angle2 < 90⁰ angle2 > 90⁰ angle2 = 90⁰
For example, 40⁰ and 50⁰ For example, 140⁰ and 150⁰ For example, 90⁰ and 90⁰
angle1 + angle 2 < 180⁰ angle1 + angle 2 > 180⁰ angle1 + angle 2 = 180⁰
Hence their sum cannot Hence their sum cannot be Hence their sum can be
be supplementary supplementary supplementary
 Are they
Angle 1 Angle 2
supplementary
(degrees) (degrees)
angles?
65 115 yes

100 80 Yes

45 46 no

108 72 yes

56 124 Yes

75 25 no