DESIGN REQUIREMENTS - EQUIPMENT NOZZLE LOADS

1. SCOPE

1.1 General
This specification defines the minimum requirements for allowable forces and moments on
each nozzle of equipment from the connected external piping. The requirements in this
specification shall be considered in the Vendor’s own design.
Written approval shall be required for any deviation from this specification in early stage of the
Project.

1.2 Application
This specification applies to the following equipment;
Pumps : Centrifugal pumps

Compressors : Centrifugal compressors, Reciprocating compressors

Turbines : Steam Turbines
Heat Transfer Equipment : Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers, Air Coolers, Plate
Exchangers
Fired Equipment : Heaters, Furnaces
Pressure Vessel : Reactors, Columns, Vessels, Drums
Other Equipment : Tanks, Packaged Units, and etc.

2. REFERENCE CODES, STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS

The latest revisions of the following code and standard shall be used but not limited to.

2.1 Codes and standards:

ASME
B31.1 Power Piping

BPVC Sec.VIII Rules for the Construction of Pressure Vessels

API
API 610/ISO 13709 Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and
Natural Gas Industries
API 617 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-compressors
for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services
API 618 Reciprocating Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical,
and Gas Industry Services
API 650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage

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 API 660 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
API 661/ISO 13706 Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Service
API 662/ISO 15547 Plate Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Services
NEMA SM23 Steam Turbines for Mechanical Drive Service
WRC 107 Local Stresses in Spherical and Cylindrical Shells
due to External Loadings
ANSI/HI 9.6.2 American National Standard for Centrifugal and Vertical Pumps
for Allowable Nozzle Loads

3. ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS

3.1 General

In the event of conflict between any of Contractual Reference Documents, or between this
specification and any other Contractual Reference Documents, the most stringent conditions
shall be applied.

The Vendor will be requested to check if the actual nozzle loads are acceptable in case that
nozzle loads are partially exceed the agreed allowable values.

3.2 Centrifugal Pumps

For steel and alloy steel pumps, the minimum required allowable nozzle forces/moments shall
be in accordance with table 4 of API 610(see the Table 1 of this document). For nozzles larger
than DN 450(NPS 16), those values shall be extrapolated and submitted to the Purchaser.

Especially in case of BFP (Boiler Feedwater Pump) and CEP (Condensate Extraction Pump),
the minimum required allowable forces/moments shall be 2 times Table 1.

And, Annex F of API 610 will be applied for nozzle load evaluation in case that applied nozzle
loads exceed the minimum required allowable values specified above. This factor shall be
considered in design of pump by the Vendor, if required.

For ANSI/ISO pumps, the allowable nozzle loads shall be in accordance with Table 9.6.2.1.1
of ANSI/HI 9.6.2 without any adjustment regardless of type and material of pump (see Table 2
of this document.). The other factors are not combination nozzle loads will not be considered
for nozzle load evaluation by the Purchaser.

For allowable nozzle loads for other than the above pumps, the Vendor shall confirm during
quotation stage compliance with the forces and moments.

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 Table 1 – API 610, table 4 (Coordinate system as per API 610)

Nozzle Loadings
Force(kg)/ Nominal Size of Flange (NPS)
Moment(kg-m) 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Each Top Nozzle
FX 72 109 144 253 385 544 679 725 861
FY 59 90 118 208 317 453 544 589 679
FZ 90 135 181 317 498 679 815 907 1042
FR 130 196 260 456 705 981 1192 1302 1513
Each Side Nozzle
FX 72 109 144 253 385 544 679 725 861
FY 90 135 181 317 498 679 815 907 1042
FZ 59 90 118 208 317 453 544 589 679
FR 130 196 260 456 705 981 1192 1302 1513
Each End Nozzle
FX 90 135 181 317 498 679 815 907 1042
FY 72 109 144 253 385 544 679 725 861
FZ 59 90 118 208 317 453 544 589 679
FR 130 196 260 456 705 981 1192 1302 1513
Each Nozzle
MX 46 96 135 234 359 511 621 649 746
MY 23 47 69 120 179 248 303 318 373
MZ 35 73 101 179 262 387 469 484 552
MR 63 130 183 319 480 688 836 870 1001

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Table 2 - ANSI/HI 9.6.2, Table 9.6.2.1.1 (Coordinate system as per ANSI/HI9.6.2)

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3.3 Steam Turbines for STG

For the purpose of individual nozzle load check, the minimum allowable forces/moments on
each nozzle shall be in accordance with the below table 3. Allowable forces and moments at
the nozzles of steam turbine shall be submitted for the Purchaser’s approval.

The additional turbine stability check shall be performed by the Vendor if it is required in
addition to the individual nozzle load check.

But, in case that only stability check is required without individual nozzle load check it will be
done by the Purchaser in accordance with the detailed procedure & criteria and calculation
sheets (such as MS-Excel file) are provided by the Supplier.

Table 3 - Minimum required allowable loads on the nozzle of steam turbine

Allowable forces Allowable Moments
System
(Fx=Fy=Fz) (Mx=My=Mz)
High Pressure Steam 6000 kgf 10,000 kgf-m
Cold Reheat Steam 6000 kgf 15,000 kgf-m
Hot Reheat Steam 6000 kgf 10,000 kgf-m
Low Pressure Steam &
6000 kgf 6,000 kgf-m
Extraction Steam

3.4 Other Steam Turbines and Centrifugal/Axial Compressors

Allowable nozzle load on steam turbine used as driver of other rotating machine such as BFP
shall be in accordance with NEMA SM-23 with the stipulation that the constants in the
equations be multiplied by 1.85.
Allowable nozzle load on centrifugal/axial compressors shall be two times of Annex 2E
“Forces and Moments” of API 617.

3.5 Reciprocating Compressors

Dampener of reciprocating compressor is considered as pressure vessel so that the allowable
nozzle loads of dampeners shall be in accordance with Appendix I - Standard Nozzle Load
Table.
Design approach for the reciprocating compressor shall be determined as per Annex M
“Design Approach Work Process Flowcharts” of API 618 and the pulsation and mechanical
analysis shall be performed accordingly by Vendor.

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3.6 HRSG or Boiler
Allowable forces/moments at the nozzles/connection point of HRSG/Boiler shall be submitted
for the Purchaser’s approval. The calculation sheet for those allowable values shall be
submitted upon request for the Purchaser’s review. The minimum allowable forces/moments
shall be in accordance with the tables in Appendix 1 even though they are based on the
shell/nozzle configuration.

Basically, each terminal point shall be fixed with physical anchor within Vendor’s scope. In
case that fixed point is impossible the Vendor shall provide the boundary conditions (thermal
displacement, stiffnesses (or spring rates), and etc.) at the terminal point for the piping
flexibility (stress) analysis by the Purchaser.

If the combined analysis is required considering both of Vendor’s and Purchaser’s piping as a
whole the Vendor shall provide its own information including the following, but not limited to:
- Configuration & Dimension
- Pipe Information: line condition, size, thickness, insulation, etc.
- Support Information: location, preliminary type (rigid hanger, sliding support, spring
hanger/support, restraint, and snubber)
- Inline element: dimension, weight (valve and etc.) if any
- Reaction force of Safety valve (force, acting point), if any
- CAESAR II files (Ver.5.3 or later) or equivalent neutral files

The Vendor shall provide the special requirements such as startup case (header movement
with external piping cold (or ambient)) to be considered in the piping stress analysis, if any.

3.7 Pressure vessels, Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers, and Condenser

The minimum allowable nozzle loads for items with the shell/nozzle configuration shall be in
accordance with Appendix I - Standard Nozzle Load Table.

Local stiffnesses at shell/nozzle junction may be considered in the stress analysis to reduce
actual nozzle load. They shall be provided from WRC 297, FEM (Finite Element Method) or
empirical equations by Vendor upon request.

WRC 107 and/or FEM shall be considered to verify, if actual nozzle loads exceed allowable
values. The evaluation criteria shall be in accordance with Figure 5.1 and the related section
of ASME BPVC Section VIII Division 2.

3.8 Plate Heat Exchangers

Allowable nozzle loads for plate heat exchangers shall be in accordance with API 662
standards para 8.7.10 table 2-Severe service nozzle loading.

3.9 Air cooled heat exchangers

Allowable nozzle loads for air-cooled heat exchangers (fin fans) shall be two times of the
forces and moments shown in API 661 (see the below Table 4).
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 Table 4 - API661, table 4
Allowable nozzle load for Air Coolers
Nozzle Moments Forces
Size (kg-m) Kg
DN Mx My Mz Fx Fy Fz
40 11 15 11 68 103 68
50 15 24 15 103 135 103
80 41 62 41 203 172 203
100 82 124 82 340 272 340
150 218 310 166 407 512 512
200 310 621 228 580 1359 816
250 414 621 259 679 1359 1020
300 517 621 310 852 1359 1359
350 621 725 363 1020 1700 1700

3.10 Welded storage tanks

Allowable nozzle loads on welded storage tanks shall be determined using API 650 Appendix
P. Consideration of nozzle rotation and radial movements shall be included.

3.11 Silencers
The Vendor’ shall design the inlet nozzle connected to piping as the loose type as below;

- Moment free at nozzle (nozzle itself can be rotated)

- Axial movement free at nozzle (nozzle can be moved longitudinally)

The minimum allowable nozzle loads (Fc and Fl) shall be in accordance with tables of
Appendix 1.

3.12 Packaged Units

Packaged unit piping shall be anchored within the equipment. Allowable imposed forces and
moments from external piping at termination points shall be as APPENDIX I based on flange
rating.

3.13 Other Stationary Equipments

The Vendor shall provide the allowable nozzle loads as per FEM or empirical equations for the
Purchaser’s approval for the nozzles with irregular shape other than the above.

For butt-welded nozzles of inline equipment, external loads shall be acceptable if piping
stresses at the joint are within allowable values.
Evaluation for the flanged nozzle load of inline equipment shall be in accordance with flange
joint evaluation method specified in NC-3658 of ASME BPVC Section III except that allowable
stress values shall be selected from ASME B31.1 or equipment design code.

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APPENDIX I – STANDARD NOZZLE LOAD TABLE

Nomenclature
Force Moment
Fa = Axial Force Mc = Circumferential Moment
Fc = Circumferential Force Ml = Longitudinal Moment
Fl = Longitudinal Force Mr = Bending Moment for nozzles on head
Mr = (Ml2 + Mc2)0.5
Mt = Torsional Moment
Notes:
1. All forces and moments shall be taken as acting at the intersection of the nozzle
centerline axes at the mid thickness of the vessel shell or head.
2. Directions and rotations shown shall be considered positive sign convention to WRC
107.
3. With regard to the radial load(Fa), calculations shall be made firstly with the force acting
radially outwards in conjunction with the internal pressure and then with the force acting
inwards. In the second instance, the internal pressure shall not be used to oppose the
compressive stresses due to the force acting radially inwards; for this load condition a
nullpressure condition is to be considered to exist.

4. For Nozzle sizes greater than 50", the allowable forces and moments to be applied may
be extrapolated in proportion to just below pipe size, i.e. 50" Nozzle (50/48)^2=1.085
values for 48" nozzle.

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NOZZLE 150 LB & 300 LB FLANGE RATING
SIZE FORCES (kgf) MOMENTS (kgf-m)
(NPS) Fa Fc Fl Mc Ml Mt
Up to 2 314 314 314 8 16 18
3 472 472 472 23 44 51
4 629 629 629 37 73 84
6 944 944 944 82 164 188
8 1257 1257 1257 149 298 342
10 1572 1572 1572 247 493 567
12 1887 1887 1887 327 653 751
14 2202 2202 2202 372 744 855
16 2516 2516 2516 708 1416 1357
18 2830 2830 2830 837 1673 1924
20 3145 3145 3145 968 1936 2226
24 3775 3775 3775 2076 4152 4775
26 4247 4247 4247 2623 5245 6031
28 4718 4718 4718 3169 6337 7288
30 5190 5190 5190 3715 7429 8544
32 5347 5347 5347 3870 7739 8900
34 5504 5504 5504 4025 8049 9257
36 5661 5661 5661 4180 8359 9613
38 5823 5823 5823 4341 8681 9984
40 5990 5990 5990 4508 9016 10368
42 6161 6161 6161 4682 9363 10768
44 6337 6337 6337 4863 9724 11183
46 6518 6518 6518 5050 10099 11614
48 6705 6705 6705 5245 10488 12062

NOZZLE 600 LB FLANGE RATING

SIZE FORCES (kgf) MOMENTS (kgf-m)
(NPS) Fa Fc Fl Mc Ml Mt
Up to 2 314 314 314 13 26 30
3 472 472 472 36 72 83
4 629 629 629 62 124 143
6 944 944 944 159 318 366
8 1257 1257 1257 294 587 675
10 2358 2358 2358 789 1577 1814
12 2830 2830 2830 1265 2530 2910
14 3303 3303 3303 1655 3309 3805
16 3773 3773 3773 2408 4815 5537
18 4245 4245 4245 3369 6737 7747
20 4718 4718 4718 4539 9077 10438
24 5662 5662 5662 7651 15301 17597
26 6369 6369 6369 9678 19355 22259
28 7077 7077 7077 11705 23410 26921
30 7784 7784 7784 13732 27464 31583
32 8020 8020 8020 14655 29310 33707
34 8256 8256 8256 15579 31157 35830
36 8492 8492 8492 16502 33003 37954
38 8734 8734 8734 17480 34959 40203
40 8984 8984 8984 18516 37031 42586
42 9241 9241 9241 19613 39226 45110
44 9505 9505 9505 20776 41551 47784
46 9776 9776 9776 22007 44014 50616
48 10056 10056 10056 23311 46623 53616

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NOZZLE 900 LB FLANGE RATING
SIZE FORCES (kgf) MOMENTS (kgf-m)
(NPS) Fa Fc Fl Mc Ml Mt
Up to 2 314 314 314 24 48 55
3 472 472 472 36 72 83
4 629 629 629 91 181 208
6 944 944 944 235 469 540
8 1257 1257 1257 505 1010 1161
10 2358 2358 2358 1338 2675 3076
12 2830 2830 2830 1856 3712 4269
14 3303 3303 3303 2324 4648 5346
16 3773 3773 3773 4198 8396 9655
18 4245 4245 4245 6007 12013 13815
20 4718 4718 4718 8010 16019 18422
24 5662 5662 5662 10840 21679 24931
26 6369 6369 6369 15227 30453 35022
28 7077 7077 7077 19614 39228 45112
30 7784 7784 7784 24002 48002 55203
32 8020 8020 8020 25852 51704 59460
34 8256 8256 8256 27703 55406 63716
36 8492 8492 8492 29554 59107 67973
38 8734 8734 8734 31528 63056 72514
40 8984 8984 8984 33634 67269 77359
42 9241 9241 9241 35881 71763 82527
44 9505 9505 9505 38279 76557 88041
46 9776 9776 9776 40836 81672 93923
48 10056 10056 10056 43564 87129 100198

NOZZLE 1500 LB FLANGE RATING

SIZE FORCES (kgf) MOMENTS (kgf-m)
(NPS) Fa Fc Fl Mc Ml Mt
Up to 2 314 314 314 24 48 55
3 472 472 472 61 122 141
4 629 629 629 119 237 273
6 944 944 944 431 862 991
8 1257 1257 1257 809 1617 1860
10 2358 2358 2358 2351 4701 5407
12 2830 2830 2830 3523 7045 8102
14 3303 3303 3303 4441 9234 10619
16 3773 3773 3773 7088 14175 16302
18 4245 4245 4245 10326 20652 23750
20 4718 4718 4718 14403 28805 33126
24 8493 8493 8493 22298 44596 51285
26 9554 9554 9554 26866 53732 61791
28 10615 10615 10615 31434 62868 72298
30 11676 11676 11676 36002 72003 82804
32 12030 12030 12030 41644 83288 95781
34 12384 12384 12384 47287 94573 108759
36 12738 12738 12738 52929 105858 121737
38 13101 13101 13101 59245 118489 136263
40 13476 13476 13476 66314 132628 152522
42 13861 13861 13861 74227 148454 170722
44 14257 14257 14257 83084 166168 191093
46 14664 14664 14664 92998 185996 213895
48 15083 15083 15083 104095 208189 239418

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NOZZLE 2500 LB FLANGE RATING
SIZE FORCES (kgf) MOMENTS (kgf-m)
(NPS) Fa Fc Fl Mc Ml Mt
Up to 2 314 314 314 38 76 87
3 472 472 472 97 194 224
4 629 629 629 228 456 525
6 944 944 944 611 1221 1404
8 1257 1257 1257 1389 2778 3194
10 2358 2358 2358 4039 8078 9289
12 2830 2830 2830 6349 12697 14602
14 3303 3303 3303 8484 18344 21096
16 3773 3773 3773 11967 23935 27525
18 4245 4245 4245 15489 30978 35625
20 4718 4718 4718 21604 43207 49688
24 8493 8493 8493 33447 66893 76927
26 9554 9554 9554 40299 80597 92687
28 10615 10615 10615 47151 94301 108446
30 11676 11676 11676 54003 108005 124206
32 12030 12030 12030 67600 135199 155479
34 12384 12384 12384 81197 162393 186752
36 12738 12738 12738 94794 189587 218025
38 13101 13101 13101 110668 221335 254535
40 13476 13476 13476 129200 258399 297159
42 13861 13861 13861 150836 301670 346921
44 14257 14257 14257 176095 352187 405015
46 14664 14664 14664 205583 411164 472839
48 15083 15083 15083 240010 480017 552020

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