Mini Project

Design Passive filters

Objective :
In this project the student should be able to:

Design and implement passive filters ( LPF , HPF , Series BPF & Series BSF)

Material/Equipment

1. Resistors
Inductors
Capacitors
Oscilloscope
Function generator
6. Bread Board
7. Multimeter
8. Jumper wires

Theory Background

In many circuits , different frequencies are present . if some frequencies are not desired , they
can be rejected with special circuit called filters . In this project the students should be able to
design and construct all passive filters ( Passive means that the filter made of capacitors,
resistors, inductors).

The simplest filters are RC and RL series circuits which studied in the experiment #8 , these
circuits can be used as either High Pass Filter( HPF) or Low Pass Filter ( LPF).

A resonance circuit which studied in experiment #9 is used to pass selected frequencies from
a band which is called Band Pass Filter ( BPF) , the opposite of bandpass filter is a Band
Stop Filter ( BSF).

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Fig.1 below illustrates representative circuits and the frequency responses of various types of
filters.

Figure.1

Useful Formula Sheet :

, ,

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 Design , Measurement & Implementation :-`

I. LPF( Low Pass Filter)

1. Design RC LPF , find the required value of the resistor to get critical frequency = 3.4KHz
, assume the capacitor C=0.0047µF .

Calculate & draw the circuit in the box below:

2. Use breadboard to construct the RC LPF circuit , Set the function generator for 500 Hz
, sine wave at 5VP , then measure the output voltage with the oscilloscope.
3. Change the input signal frequency , measure the output voltage and record the
readings at Table.1 below.
4. Use the values in Table.1 to draw the Bode plot on the logarithmic paper (1) below .
( show all the required values on the graph)
5. Use Bode Plot instrument in Multisim to draw the Bode plot curve and compare it
with the Bode plot in step 4 above. Write your comments at comment box#1 below :

Frequency
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5
KHz
Vo

Gain=Vo/Vin

Gain in dB

Table.1

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 log paper (1)

Comment box #1

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II. HPF( High Pass Filter )

1. Design RL HPF , find the required value of the inductor to get critical frequency =
5KHz , assume the resistor R= .

Calculate & draw the circuit in the box below:

2. Use breadboard to construct the RL HPF circuit . Set the function generator for 1 KHz
, sine wave at 5VP , then measure the output voltage with the oscilloscope.
3. Change the input signal frequency , measure the output voltage and record the
readings at Table.2 below.
4. Use the values in Table.2 to draw the Bode plot on the logarithmic paper (2) below .
( show all the needed values on the graph)
5. Use Bode Plot instrument in Multisim to draw the Bode plot curve and compare it
with the Bode plot in step 4 above . Write your comments at comment box #2 below:

Frequency
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
KHz
Vo

Gain=Vo/Vin

Gain in dB

Table.2

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 log paper (2)

Comment box #2

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 III. BPF( Band Pass Filter )

1. Design series RLC BPF with a bandwidth ( BW ) of 250Hz and a center frequency ( fo )
of 750Hz assume C=100nF.

Calculate and draw the circuit in the box below:

2. Use breadboard to construct the series RLC BPF circuit . Set the function generator for
400Hz , sine wave at 5VP , then measure the output voltage with the oscilloscope.
3. Change the input signal frequency , measure the output voltage and record the
readings at Table.3 below.
4. Use the values in Table.3 to draw the Bode plot on the logarithmic paper (3) below .
( show all the needed values on the graph)
5. Use Bode Plot instrument in Multisim to draw the Bode plot curve and compare it
with the Bode plot in step 4 above. Write your comments at comment box#3 below :

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Frequency Hz 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000
Vo

Gain=Vo/Vin

Gain in dB

Table.3

log paper (3)

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 Comment box #3

6. Increase the value of the resistor and observe the effect on the bandwidth , write your
observation in comment box#4 below:

Comment box

IV. BSF( Band Stop Filter )

1. Design series RLC BSF with Q=10 and fo= 5KHz , assume R = 1K

Calculate and draw the circuit in the box below:

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2. Use breadboard to construct the series RLC BSF circuit. Set the function generator for
1KHz , sine wave at 5VP , then measure the output voltage with the oscilloscope.
3. Change the input signal frequency , measure the output voltage and record the readings
at Table.4 below.
4. Use the values in Table.4 to draw the Bode plot on the logarithmic paper (4) below .
( show all the needed values on the graph)
5. Use Bode Plot instrument in Multisim to draw the Bode plot curve and compare it with
the Bode plot in step 4 above. Write your comments at comment box#4 below :
Frequency
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
KHz
Vo

Gain=Vo/Vin

Gain in dB

Table.4

Log paper (4)

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Comment box #4

6. Increase the value of the resistor and observe the effect on the bandwidth , write your
observation at comment box#5 below:

Comment box #5

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