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How to Design Earthing system in substation Search … SEARCH

By admin  On July 26, 2017 In Transmission and Distribution Tagged substation earthing system Leave a comment 

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The substation grounding system comprises of a grid (earth mat) formed by a horizontal DAILY UPDATES
buried conductors. Before 1960s the design criterion of substation earthing system was
“low earth resistance.” (Earth Resistance< 0.5 ohms for High Voltage installations).
During 1960s, the new criteria for the design and evaluation of Substation Earthing Name
System were evolved particularly for EHV AC and HVDC Substations.
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The new criteria are :
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1. Low Step Potential
2. Low Touch Potential JOIN WITH US ON FACEBOOK
3. Low Earth Resistance.
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The conventional “Low earth resistance criterion” and Low Current Earth Resistance
Measurement continues to be in practice for Substations and Power Station upto and What is Alternator? How Alternator is
including 220 kV. working?
The parts of the Earthing System include the entire solid metallic conductor system
between various earthed points and the underground earth-mat. The earthed points are di erence between squirrel cage and
held near-earth potential by low resistance conductor connections with earth-mat. slip ring induction motor
Substation Earthing System Design
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Underground Horizontal Earth Mesh (Mat/Grid) working

The mesh is formed by placing mild steel bars placed in X and Y directions in mesh
Di erence between conductor and
formation in the soil at a depth of about 0.5 m below the surface of substation floor in the
insulator
entire substation area except the foundations.
The crossings of the horizontal bars in X and Y directions are welded. How to get pure sinusoidal AC output
from DC input using PWM inverter
The earthing rods are also placed the border of the fence, surrounding building
foundations, surrounding the transformer foundations, inside fenced areas etc. Slip ring induction motor working
principle
The mesh ensures uniform and zero potential distribution on horizontal surface of the
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floor of the substation hence low “step potential” in the event of flow of earth fault current.
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Question & Answer

Transmission and Distribution

Earthing Electrodes (Spikes)
Several identical earth electrode are driven vertically into the soil and are welded to the ARCHIVES
earthing rods of the underground Mesh. Larger number of earth electrodes gives lower
earth resistance.
August 2018 (2)
 The number of Earth-Electrodes (Spikes) Ns for soil resistivity 500 ohm meter and July 2018 (7)
earth fault current Is is :
June 2018 (2)
Ns = Is / 250 Amperes
i.e., approximately 250 Amp per spike, for soil resistivity of 500 ohm-meter. March 2018 (8)

February 2018 (6)

The number of Earth-Electrodes (Spikes) Ns for soil resistivity 5000 ohm meter is
December 2017 (1)
Ns = Is / 500 Amperes
November 2017 (7)
i.e., approximately 500 Amp per spike, for soil resistivity of < 5000 ohm-meter.
Is = Short Circuit level of the substation, A
October 2017 (1)
Example:
33 kV sub stations : 25000 to 31000 A September 2017 (29)

400 kV Substations : 40000 A

August 2017 (49)

July 2017 (52)

June 2017 (38)

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