Problem 3.21 Apply nodal analysis to determine Vx in the circuit of Fig. P3.21.

4Ω

2A
5Ω

+
3Ω 6Ω 1A 7Ω Vx
_

Figure P3.21: Circuit of Problem 3.21.

Solution:
4Ω
I8
I1 I2 2A I4 V I7
2 5Ω V3 I10
V1
I3 I5 I6 I9
+
7Ω Vx
3Ω 6Ω 1A _

Fig. P3.21 (a)

Application of KCL at nodes V1 , V2 , and V3 :

At V1 : I1 + I2 + I3 = 0
or
V1 −V3 V1
+2+ =0 (1)
4 3

At V2 : I4 + I5 + I6 = 0
or
V2 V2 −V3
−2 + + =0 (2)
6 5

At V3 : I7 + I8 + I9 + I10 = 0
or
V3 −V2 V3 −V1 V3
+ −1+ = 0. (3)
5 4 7
In matrix form:
  
1 1 1
 4+3 0 −
4    
    V1 −2
 1 1 1 
 0 + −  V2  =  2  .
 6 5  5 
 V 1
1 1 1  3

 1 1
− − + +
4 5 4 5 7

All rights reserved. Do not reproduce or distribute. 2013

c National Technology and Science Press
Solution yields:

V1 = −2.025 V,
V2 = 7.241 V,
V3 = 3.276 V.

Hence,
Vx = V3 = 3.276 V.

All rights reserved. Do not reproduce or distribute. 2013

c National Technology and Science Press