Transfer of heat energy

Heat Capacity C :
Energy needed for 1K or 1oC change in temperature of
substance is known as heat capacity.

Heat energy = Heat capacity x change in temperature

Q = C.ΔT

SI Units

Q = Heat Energy J

C = J/K or J/C

Δ = Change
T = Temperature ( K or C )

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Specific Heat Capacity c :
Energy needed for 1K or 1oC change in temperature of Unit
mass of substance is known as heat capacity.

Q = m c ΔT

m = mass (kg)

SI units c = J/kg.k or J/ Kg.C

Heat energy Q = P x t

Or

Q= VIt

Or P x t = m c ΔT

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Specific latent heat l ;

Energy required to change the state of

substance at constant temperature is known as latent heat
capacity.

State of substance changes at melting and boiling point.

In case of water :

Melting point of water is 0oC.

Ice ( solid) liquid

Boiling point of water is 100 oC .

Liquid Steam (gas)

➢ When state of substance changes its temperature

remains constant.

➢ When temperature of substance changes , its state

remains the same.

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Example :

Ice at -10 oC is heated until its state changes to steam

at 100 oC.

➢ Q1 and Q3 is heat capacity

➢ Q2 and Q4 is latent heat

➢ Q2 is also known as latent heat of fusion

➢ Q4 is known as latent heat of vaporization.

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Graph :

Q = m c ΔT

P x t = m c ΔT

➢ When temperature increases , K.E and speed of molecules

increase. ( Heat capacity).

➢ When state changes , force of attraction between the

molecules and space between them increases.

( Latent Heat)

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According to law of conservation of heat energy :

Heat loss = Heat gain

Heat loss by hot water = heat gain by cold water

Q1 = Q2

(m c ΔT )hot = ( m c ΔT ) Cold

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Questions :

Q1. A block of metal has a mass of 2.0 kg. Its specific heat
capacity is 800 J / (kg °C). The block is supplied with 2400 J of
energy. What is the rise in temperature? [2]

Q2. In an experiment to find the specific heat capacity of a metal,

it is found that 5200 J is needed to raise the temperature of a
2 kg block by 20 °C. What value for the specific heat capacity
is given by these results? [2]

Ans 1:
Ans :

Q = m c ΔT

2400 = 2 x 800 x ΔT

Ans 2 :

Q = m c ΔT
5200 = 2 x C x 20

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Q3. If 108 J of energy is given to 1 kg of liquid , its temperature
changes from 15.5 C0 to 16.5 C0.
Find the heat capacity of liquid ? [2]

Q4. At melting point , state of substance changes only and

temperature remains constant . Explain in term of kinetic
molecular theory ? [3]

Q5. Calculate the ( Also write Formula ) heat given out when 50g
of Iron cools from 45c0 to 15c0 .
( Specific heat capacity of Iron is 460 J/Kg .k ) [2]

Q6. A 500g of liquid is heated by electric heater of 100 W . Its

temperature increase from 65 C to 100C in 6 minutes.
Calculate time in minutes , if 700g of liquid is heated by 150 W
heater and temperature changes from 65C to 78C .
[3]

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Answers:

Q3.
Q = m c ΔT
108 = 1 x c x (16.5 – 15.5)

Q4.

Q5. Q = m c ΔT
𝟓𝟎
Q= x 460 x (45 – 15)
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

Q6.
P x t = m c ΔT
𝟓𝟎𝟎
100 x (6x60) = x c x (100 – 65)
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

C =?

P x t = m c ΔT