Formative Assessment – Flexural Members Design (Part 1)

Name: Mohamad Afiq Hazwan bin Mohamad Halim

Matrix ID: 2019564311
Class:PEC2217A1/A2

1. Determine dimension and properties of steel beam section S275 UKB 533 x 210 x 82 kg/m.
Depth of section, h = 528.3 mm
Depth of Fillet, hw = 528.3-2(13.2) = 501.93 mm
Width of section,b = 208.8 mm
Thickness Web, tw = 9.6 mm
Thickness Flange, tf = 13.2 mm
Root Radius,r = 12.7 mm
Depth Fillet, d = 476.5 mm
cw / tw = 49.6 mm
cf / tf = 6.58 mm
Second moment of area, Iy-y = 47500 cm4
Second moment of area, Iz-z = 2010 cm4
Radius of gyration, ry = 21.3 cm
Radius of gyration, rz = 4.38 cm
Plastic modulus, wply = 2060 cm3
Plastic modulus, wplz = 300 cm3
Buckling parameter, U = 0.863
Torsional index, X = 41.6
Warping constant, IW = 1.33 dm6
Torsional constant, IT = 51.5 cm4
Area of section, A = 105 cm2 x 102 (mm2)

2. Classify steel beam section S275 UKB 533 x 210 x 82 kg/m.

Determine tf and tw for section. From Table of Properties, 533 x 210 x 82 kg/m:
tf = 13.2 mm
tw = 9.6 mm

Both thicknesses are less than 40mm.

From Table 3.1, for steel grade S275, both thicknesses less than 40mm

Yield Strength, fy=

Ultimate Strength, fu =

Web
ε = 0.92
cw/tw = 49.6 mm < 9 𝜀 (8.28 mm)

.: Web section was Class _1__.

Flange
ε = 0.92
cf/tf = 6.58 mm < 9 𝜀 (8.28 mm)

.: Flange section was Class _1_

.: Both sections were Class _1_.

 FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT – FLEXURAL MEMBERS DESIGN TO EC3
Name: Mohamad Afiq Hazwan bin Mohamad Halim
Matrix ID: 2019564311
Class:PEC2217A1/A2

1. Using 127 x 76 x 13 kg/m UKB S275 and 533 x 210 x 82 kg/m UKB S275, determine:
a) Bending Resistance
b) Shear Resistance
c) Flange Buckling Resistance
d) Shear Buckling Resistance
e) Web Buckling Resistance
f) Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance

Summarize your answer in the table below:

127 x 76 x 13 kg/m 533 x 210 x 82 kg/m

Bending Resistance McRD = 23.16 kNm McRD = 566.5 kNm

Shear Resistance VcRD = 101.73 kN VcRD = 865.25 kN

Flange Buckling Resistance ℎ𝑤 𝐴𝑤 ℎ𝑤 𝐴𝑤

< 𝐾𝑓𝐸𝑦 √ < 𝐾𝑓𝐸𝑦 √
𝑡𝑤 𝐴𝑓𝑐 𝑡𝑤 𝐴𝑓𝑐

ℎ𝑤 ℎ𝑤
= 27.95 = 52.28
𝑡𝑤 𝑡𝑤

𝐴𝑤 𝐴𝑤
𝐾𝑓𝐸𝑦 √ = 201.58 𝐾𝑓𝐸𝑦 √ = 302.09
𝐴𝑓𝑐 𝐴𝑓𝑐

∴Section is prevent the ∴Section is prevent the

compression flange buckling. compression flange buckling.

Shear Buckling Resistance ℎ𝑤 ℎ𝑤

= 27.95 = 52.28
𝑡𝑤 𝑡𝑤
𝜀 𝜀
72 = 66.24 72 = 66.24
ƞ ƞ

ℎ𝑤 𝜀 ℎ𝑤 𝜀
𝑡𝑤
< 72 ƞ 𝑡𝑤
< 72 ƞ

∴Section is prevent the shear ∴Section is prevent the shear

buckling. buckling.

Web Buckling Resistance FRd = 260.38 kN FRd = 527.71 kN

(assume ss =200 mm, c=0)

Lateral Torsional Buckling MbRd = 5.79 kNm MbRd = 181.28 kNm

Resistance (8-meter length)
 2. Determine the maximum load that can apply on a steel beam.
For 127 x 76 x 13 kg/m UKB S275
From the table:
Minimum Resistance Force = 101.73 kN
Minimum Resistance Moment = 5.79 kNm

5.59 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = = 0.72𝑘𝑁
8𝑚

∴Maximum load that can be applied must be less than or equal to 0.72 kN

For 533 x 210 x 82 kg/m UKB S275

From the table:
Minimum Resistance Force = 527.71 kN
Minimum Resistance Moment = 181.28 kNm

181.28 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = = 22.66 𝑘𝑁
8𝑚

∴Maximum load that can be applied must be less than or equal to 22.66 kN

3. By maintain the UKB section used in Q1, but the length of steel beams is shortened to
4 meters, determine:
a) Bending Resistance
b) Shear Resistance
c) Flange Buckling Resistance
d) Shear Buckling Resistance
e) Web Buckling Resistance
f) Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance
Summarize your answer in form of table:

127 x 76 x 13 kg/m 533 x 210 x 82 kg/m

Bending Resistance McRD = 23.16 kNm McRD = 566.5 kNm

Shear Resistance VcRD = 101.73 kN VcRD = 865.25 kN

Flange Buckling Resistance ℎ𝑤 𝐴𝑤 ℎ𝑤 𝐴𝑤

< 𝐾𝑓𝐸𝑦 √ < 𝐾𝑓𝐸𝑦 √
𝑡𝑤 𝐴𝑓𝑐 𝑡𝑤 𝐴𝑓𝑐

ℎ𝑤 ℎ𝑤
= 27.95 = 52.28
𝑡𝑤 𝑡𝑤

𝐴𝑤 𝐴𝑤
𝐾𝑓𝐸𝑦 √ = 201.58 𝐾𝑓𝐸𝑦 √ = 302.09
𝐴𝑓𝑐 𝐴𝑓𝑐

∴Section is prevent the ∴Section is prevent the

compression flange buckling. compression flange buckling.

Shear Buckling Resistance ℎ𝑤 ℎ𝑤

= 27.95 = 52.28
𝑡𝑤 𝑡𝑤
𝜀 𝜀
72 ƞ
= 66.24 72 ƞ
= 66.24

ℎ𝑤 𝜀 ℎ𝑤 𝜀
< 72 < 72
𝑡𝑤 ƞ 𝑡𝑤 ƞ

∴Section is prevent the shear ∴Section is prevent the shear

buckling. buckling.
Web Buckling Resistance FRd = 260.38 kN FRd = 527.71 kN
(assume ss =200 mm, c=0)

Lateral Torsional Buckling MbRd = 10.883 kNm MbRd = 385.22 kNm

Resistance (4-meter length)
 4. Determine the maximum load that can apply on a steel beam based on 4 meters
length.

For 127 x 76 x 13 kg/m UKB S275

From the table:
Minimum Resistance Force = 101.73 kN
Minimum Resistance Moment = 5.79 kNm

10.88 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = = 2.72𝑘𝑁
4𝑚

∴Maximum load that can be applied must be less than or equal to 2.72 kN

For 533 x 210 x 82 kg/m UKB S275

From the table:
Minimum Resistance Force = 527.71 kN
Minimum Resistance Moment = 385.22 kNm

385.22 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = = 96.305 𝑘𝑁
4𝑚

∴Maximum load that can be applied must be less than or equal to 22.66 kN

5. Conclude your finding from the above exercise.

To conclude, the longer the length of the beam, minimum the load can be applied on
the steel beam. Based on the above calculation, we can prove that the maximum load
that can be applied on 8 metre steel beam is smaller compared to 4 metre length of
steel beam. Therefore, the length of the steel beam will affect the load applied on the
beam.