Situation 18. Refer to Figure The 12.0-m steel column is made up of Gr.

65 (Fy = 448
MPa) steel. It is hinged at the top and fixed at the bottom in both directions.
Additionally, the column is supported in the weak direction at 5 meters and 8
meters from the bottom, respectively. Use NSCP 2015.

Section Properties:
Clear distance between flanges, h = 380 mm
Flange width, bf, = 210 mm
Flange thickness, tf, = 25 mm
Web thickness, tw = 6 mm
52. What is the effective slenderness ratio for buckling about the strong axis?
A. 56.65 C. 43.35
B. 66.10 D. 72.79

𝐿 = 12𝑚 𝑘𝐿 𝐼𝑥
𝑟 𝑟𝑥 =
𝑥 𝐴
52. What is the effective slenderness ratio for buckling about the strong axis?
A. 56.65 C. 43.35
B. 66.10 D. 72.79

𝐿 = 12𝑚 𝑘𝐿 𝐼𝑥
𝑟 𝑟𝑥 =
𝑘 = 0.70 𝑥 𝐴 210 mm
𝑏ℎ3
𝐴 = 2 210 25 + 380 6 = 12780𝑚𝑚2 𝐼= 25mm
12
3 2 3
210 25 380 + 25 6 380
𝐼𝑥 = 2 + 210 25 +
12 2 12 380mm
𝐼𝑥 = 458.549 × 106 𝑚𝑚4

458.549 × 106
𝑟𝑥 = = 184.421𝑚𝑚
12780

𝑘𝐿 0.70 12000𝑚𝑚
= = 44.345
𝑟 𝑥
189.421𝑚𝑚
53. What is the effective slenderness ratio for buckling about the weak axis.
A. 56.65 C. 43.35
B. 66.10 D. 72.79

𝐼𝑦 𝑘𝐿
𝑟𝑦 = 𝑟 𝑏ℎ3
𝐴 𝑦 𝐼=
12
3
25 210 380 63
𝐼𝑦 = 2 + = 38.59 × 106 𝑚𝑚4
12 12

210 mm
38.59 × 106
𝑟𝑦 = = 54.954𝑚𝑚
12780

kLy = ?

25mm
380mm
53. What is the effective slenderness ratio for buckling about the weak axis.
A. 56.65 C. 43.35
B. 66.10 D. 72.79

𝐼𝑦 𝑘𝐿
𝑟𝑦 = 𝑟
𝐴 𝑦

3
25 210 380 63
𝐼𝑦 = 2 + = 38.59 × 106 𝑚𝑚4
12 12

210 mm
38.59 × 106
𝑟𝑦 = = 54.954𝑚𝑚
12780
Upper: k = 1.0 , L = 4 m, kL = 4.0 m (pinned-pinned)
kLy = ? Middle: k = 1.0, L = 3 m, kL = 3.0 m (pinned-pinned)
Lower: k = 0.7, L = 5m, kL = 3.5 m (pinned-fixed)

25mm
380mm
𝑘𝐿 4000𝑚𝑚
= = 72.789
𝑟 𝑦
54.954𝑚𝑚
54. What is the maximum service load P (20% DL, 80%LL) that the column can carry?
A. 1816 kN C. 1475 kN
B. 1993 kN D. 2338 kN

𝑘𝐿 𝑘𝐿
= 72.789 > ∴ Buckling about the weak axis governs 𝐿 = 12𝑚
𝑟 𝑦 𝑟 𝑥
𝑏𝑓 = 210𝑚𝑚
Check Compression Member Design: 𝑡𝑓 = 25𝑚𝑚

𝑡𝑤 = 6𝑚𝑚

ℎ = 380𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝑦 = 248𝑀𝑃𝑎
54. What is the maximum service load P (20% DL, 80%LL) that the column can carry?
A. 1816 kN C. 1475 kN
B. 1993 kN D. 2338 kN

𝑘𝐿 𝑘𝐿
= 72.789 > ∴ Buckling about the weak axis governs 𝐿 = 12𝑚
𝑟 𝑦 𝑟 𝑥
𝑏𝑓 = 210𝑚𝑚
Check Compression Member Design: 𝑡𝑓 = 25𝑚𝑚
𝑏𝑡 210 𝐸
= = 4.2 < 0.56 𝑡𝑤 = 6𝑚𝑚
= 11.832 ∴ Non-slender unstiffened
2𝑡𝑓 2 25 𝐹𝑦 ℎ = 380𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝑦 = 248𝑀𝑃𝑎
54. What is the maximum service load P (20% DL, 80%LL) that the column can carry?
A. 1816 kN C. 1475 kN
B. 1993 kN D. 2338 kN

𝑘𝐿 𝑘𝐿
= 72.789 > ∴ Buckling about the weak axis governs 𝐿 = 12𝑚
𝑟 𝑦 𝑟 𝑥
𝑏𝑓 = 210𝑚𝑚
Check Compression Member Design: 𝑡𝑓 = 25𝑚𝑚
𝑏𝑡 210 𝐸
= = 4.2 < 0.56 𝑡𝑤 = 6𝑚𝑚
= 11.832 ∴ Non-slender unstiffened
2𝑡𝑓 2 25 𝐹𝑦 ℎ = 380𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝑦 = 248𝑀𝑃𝑎
ℎ 210 𝐸
= = 63.33 > 1.49 = 31.482 ∴ slender stiffened
𝑡𝑤 6 𝐹𝑦
NSCP 2015 Sec. 505.7/AISC E7 applies! 𝑄𝑠 = 1.0

Check Critical Stress assuming non-slender elements,

𝑘𝐿 𝐸
= 72.789 < 4.71 𝐹𝑦 = 99.517
𝑟
∴ NSCP 2015 Eqn. 505.3-2 applies!
54. What is the maximum service load P (20% DL, 80%LL) that the column can carry?
A. 1816 kN C. 1475 kN
B. 1993 kN D. 2338 kN 𝐿 = 12𝑚 𝑡𝑓 = 25𝑚𝑚 𝑡𝑤 = 6𝑚𝑚 ℎ = 380𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑓 = 210𝑚𝑚

𝜋2𝐸 𝜋 2 200,000 𝐴𝑒𝑓𝑓

𝐹𝑒 = 2 = = 371.565𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑄𝑎 = = 0.947
𝑘𝐿 72.789 2 𝐴
𝑟 𝑄 = 𝑄𝑠 𝑄𝑎 = 1.0 0.947 = 0.947
𝐹𝑦
𝑓= 0.658𝐹ⅇ 𝐹𝑦 = 270.832𝑀𝑃𝑎 Now, applying provisions of NSCP 2015 Sec. 505.7,

𝐾𝐿 𝐸
Now, applying the provisions of NSCP 2015 505.7.2., = 72.789 < 4.7 = 102.257
letting b = ℎ = 380 mm 𝑟 𝑄𝐹𝑦
∴NSCP 2015 Eqn. 505.7-2 applies!
𝑏 𝐸 𝑄𝐹𝑦
= 63.333 > 1.49 = 40.490 ∴NSCP 2015 Eqn. 505.7-17 applies! 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 𝑄 0.658 𝐹𝑒 𝐹𝑦
𝑡 𝑓
0.947 448
𝐸 0.34 𝐸 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.947 0.658 372.565 448 = 263.430𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑏𝑒 = 1.92𝑡 1−
𝑓 𝑏ൗ 𝑓 𝑃𝑢 = 𝜙𝐹𝑐𝑅 𝐴𝑔 = 0.9 267.430 12780 = 3029.968𝑘𝑁
𝑡

200𝑥10^3 0.34 200𝑥10^3 1.2 0.2𝑃 + 1.6 0.8𝑃 = 3029.968

𝑏𝑒 = 1.92(6) 1− = 267.383 MPa < 380 ∴Orayt!
270.832 63.333 270.832
𝑃 = 1993.4𝑘𝑁

𝐴𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 2𝑏𝑓 𝑡𝑓 + 𝑏𝑒 𝑡𝑤 = 2 210 25 + 267.383 6 = 12104.197𝑚𝑚2

Situation 21. Please see the figure. The beam reinforcement under negative moment
at the column support is shown.
Given:
As = 6 of 28 mm diameters bars
As’ = 4 of 28 mm diameters bars
fc’ = 34 MPa
fy1 = 415 MPa (for main bars)
fyv = 275 MPa (for ties)
Ties = 12 mm diameter ties spaced at 125mm o.c.
Ρbal = 0.035

Dimensions:
h1 = 125 mm
h2 = 500 mm
b = 375 mm

Effective cover to the centroid as As = 90 mm

Effective cover to the centroid as As’ = 70 mm
61. Calculate the moment capacity of the section, Mu (kN-m)?
A. 640.6 C. 720.3
B. 711.8 D. 648.3 𝐴𝑠 = 1176𝜋

𝑑 = 500 + 125 − 90 = 535

d
3 600 + 𝐹𝑦 3 600 + 415
𝜌max 𝑇𝐶 = 𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.035 = 0.0222
8 600 8 600

1176𝜋 𝐴′𝑠 = 784𝜋

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡 = = 0.0184 < 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∴ SRB, Steel yields, TC
375 535 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 𝜙 = 0.9

𝑎 141.474
𝜙𝑀𝑛 = 𝜙𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠 𝑑 − = 0.9 1176𝜋 415 535 − = 640.64𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚
2 2 0.85𝑓𝐶′ 3 ⅆ𝑡
𝜌max 𝑇𝐶 = 𝛽1
𝑓𝑦 8 𝑑
𝐴5 𝑓𝑠 1176𝜋 415
a= ′ = = 141.474𝑚𝑚 0.85𝑓𝐶′ 600 ⅆ𝑡
0.85𝑓𝐶 𝑏 0.85 34 375 𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 𝛽1
𝑓𝑦 600 + 𝑓𝑦 𝑑
62. Calculate the shear strength provided by the shear reinforcement, Vs (kN)?
A. 532.5 C. 479.4
B. 266.3 D. 200.0

𝜋 2
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑣 𝑑 4 12 275 535
𝑣𝑠 = = 4 = 532.462𝑘𝑁
𝑠 125
63. Calculate the nominal shear strength of the section, Vn (kN)?
A. 548.5 C. 198.9
B. 658.2 D. 731.3

𝑉c = 0.17 ′
𝑓𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.17 34 375 535 = 198.871𝑘𝑁

𝑉𝑛 = 𝜙 𝑣𝑐 + 𝑣𝑠 = 0.75 532.462 + 198.871 = 548.5𝑘𝑁

𝑉𝑢 = 𝜙 𝑣𝑐 + 𝑣𝑠 = 0.75 532.462 + 198.871 = 548.5𝑘𝑁

𝑉𝑛 = 𝑣𝑐 + 𝑣𝑠 = 532.462 + 198.871 = 731.333𝑘𝑁

Situation 19. A rectangular column is 250 mm along the x-axis and 620 mm along the
y-axis. The column is reinforced with eight 25-mm-diameter bars equally distributed
along the longer side. Lateral reinforcement is 10 mm spaced at 100 mm on centers.

Concrete 28th Day Compressive Strength, f’c = 20.7 MPa

Reinforcing Steel Yield Strength, fy = 415 MPa
Situation 19.
55. Which of the following gives the location of the plastic centroid (mm) along the
geometric centroidal x-axis from the geometric centroidal y-axis?
A. 100 C. 330
B. 125 D. 0

By symmetry, (0,0)
56. Assume that the compression steel yields, which of the following gives the
nominal balanced load, Pb (kN)? Depth of the rectangular compressive stress block, a
= 90.4 mm.
A. 2254 C. 854
B. 1536 D. 986
෍ 𝐹𝑣 = 0

𝑃𝑏 + 𝑇 = 𝐶𝑐 + 𝐶𝑠
Assume compression steel yields, T=Cs

𝑃𝑏 = 𝐶𝑐 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏 = 0.85 20.7 90.4 620 = 986.16𝑘𝑁

57. Determine the nominal axial load (kN) that the column can carry at an
eccentricity of 200 mm along the x-axis from the centroidal y-axis?
A. 456 C. 1475
B. 809 D. 1360

Pn at e = 200mm
𝛱 2
d = h – ⅆ’ = 187.5 mm 𝐴s1 = 4× 25 = 1963
4
x = h/2 – ⅆ’ = 62.5 mm
Column too narrow! ∴ most likely steel will not yield!

𝐶𝑐 = 0.85 20.7 𝑎 620 𝑎 = 𝛽𝑐 𝛽 = 0.85

𝐶𝐶 = 9273c
𝑑−𝑐 187.5 − 𝑐
𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑠 𝑇 = 1963 × 600 = 1177800
𝑐 𝑐
′ c − 62.5
′ 𝑐 − 𝑑 𝐶 = 113. 37𝑚𝑚
𝐶𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑠 𝐶𝑠 = 1963 × 600 = 1177800
𝑐 𝑐 Tension Steel:
ℎ 𝑎 𝑑−𝑐
෍ 𝑀𝑃𝑛 = 0 𝐶𝑐 𝑒 − + + 𝐶𝑠 ⅇ − 𝑥 = 𝑇 ⅇ + 𝑥 𝑓𝑠 = 600 = 392.3𝑀𝑃𝑎 <fy
2 2 𝑐

0.85𝑐 𝑐 − 62.5 187.5 − 𝑐 Compression Steel:

9273c[200 − 125 + ] + 1177800 200 − 62.5 = 600 200 + 62.5 ′
c − ⅆ
2 𝑐 𝑐 𝑓𝑠′ = 600 = 269.2𝑀𝑃𝑎 <fy
𝑐
57. Determine the nominal axial load (kN) that the column can carry at an
eccentricity of 200 mm along the x-axis from the centroidal y-axis?
A. 456 C. 1475
B. 809 D. 1360

𝑎 = 𝛽1 𝑐 = 0.85 113.37 = 96.4𝑚𝑚

𝐶𝑐 = 9273𝑐 = 1015280𝑁
187.5 − 𝑐
𝑇 = 1177800 = 770136𝑁
𝑐
𝑐 − 62.5
𝐶𝑠 = 1177800 = 528488𝑁
𝑐

𝑃𝑛 = 𝐶𝐶 + 𝐶𝑠 − 𝑇 = 1015280 + 528488 − 770136 = 809.68𝑘𝑁

Situation 9. Please refer to the figure shown below.
25. Find the internal reaction at B.
A. 35 kN C. 35 k
B. 20 k D. 70 k

෍ 𝑀𝐶 = 0 35k

35 8 + 𝐵𝑦 8 = 0 B C
Bx
𝐵𝑦 = −35𝑘 8ft 8ft D

By Cy
26. Find the angle of rotation at B.
A. 0.0033 rad C. 0.00033 rad
B. 0.00028 rad D. 0.0028 rad
35k
M ➔ P = (M/EI) 2.5k/ft
REAL CONJUGATE
240k-ft C
560 420 A
𝑀 = 560𝑘 ⋅ 𝑓𝑡 ➔ 𝑃 = 4
=
𝐸𝐼 16’ 8’ 8’ D
𝐸 3𝐼 B
5k
280 280 70k
𝑀 = 280𝑘 ⋅ 𝑓𝑡 ➔ 𝑃 = = (4/3)I I
𝐸 𝐼 𝐸𝐼
420
560 k-ft 𝐸𝐼

B C D A B C D
A
280 k-ft By 280
240 𝐸𝐼
320 k-ft REAL 𝐸𝐼

CONJUGATE
26. Find the angle of rotation at B.
A. 0.0033 rad C. 0.00033 rad
B. 0.00028 rad D. 0.0028 rad
35k
M ➔ P = (M/EI) 2.5k/ft
REAL CONJUGATE
240k-ft C
560 420 A
𝑀 = 560𝑘 ⋅ 𝑓𝑡 ➔ 𝑃 = 4
=
𝐸𝐼 16’ 8’ 8’ D
𝐸 3𝐼 B
5k
280 280 70k
𝑀 = 280𝑘 ⋅ 𝑓𝑡 ➔ 𝑃 = = (4/3)I I
𝐸 𝐼 𝐸𝐼
420
560 k-ft 𝐸𝐼

B C D A B C D
A
280 k-ft By 280
240 𝐸𝐼
320 k-ft REAL 𝐸𝐼

CONJUGATE
26. Find the angle of rotation at B.
A. 0.0033 rad C. 0.00033 rad
B. 0.00028 rad D. 0.0028 rad
35k
2.5k/ft

1 1 1 2080𝑘 ⋅ 𝑓𝑡 2 240k-ft C
𝜃𝐵𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑡 = 420 16 − 240 16 = A D
𝐸𝐼 2 3 𝐸𝐼 16’ 8’ 8’
B
2080𝑥12𝑥12 5k 70k
𝜃𝐵𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑡 = = 0.0033𝑟𝑎𝑑
(30000)(3000) (4/3)I I

420
𝐸𝐼
x y Area

A B C D

16’ By 280
240 𝐸𝐼
𝐸𝐼
27. Find the deflection at B.
A. 0.39 in C. 0.325 in
B. 0.0325 in D. 0.039 in
420
𝐸𝐼
1 1 1 20480𝑘 ⋅ 𝑓𝑡 3
Δ𝐵 = 420 16 10.67 − 240 16 12 =
𝐸𝐼 2 3 𝐸𝐼
A B C D

By 280
16’
20480 12 3 240 𝐸𝐼
Δ𝐵 = = 0.39ⅈ𝑛 𝐸𝐼
30000 3000

x y Area